油稻轮作下有机无机肥配施对作物产量及氮磷流失的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过油稻轮作田间试验,研究了等养分条件下4种施肥处理对作物产量、地表径流N、P流失浓度和流失量及其对环境的影响。试验设4个处理,即:化肥(CF)、化肥+低量有机肥(OC1)、化肥+中量有机肥(OC2)、化肥+高量有机肥(OC3)。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,有机无机肥配施处理在满足作物养分需求,保持相对较高的产量水平基础上,能显著或明显减少农田径流水铵态N、硝态N和全P的流失浓度和流失量,尤以中、高量有机肥处理效果最显著;各处理径流液全N浓度范围在0.60~27.89mg/L,总P浓度范围在0.059~0.353mg/L,均大于富营养化水体标准,污染周边水环境;N流失指数明显高于P,且硝态N是N流失的主要形式;中高量有机肥与化肥配合施用能够保证作物产量,并能有效降低N、P的径流流失,为适宜该地区油稻轮作的合理施肥制度。

关键词: 水稻-油菜轮作系统, 商品有机肥, N、P流失

Abstract: A field study was carried out focusing on crop yield and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from runoff in rape-rice rotation system.The experiment was conducted with four fertilizer treatments as chemical fertilizers(CF),chemical fertilizers+lower rate of organic manure(OC1),chemical fertilizers+medium rate of organic manure(OC2),and chemical fertilizers+high rate of organic manure(OC3) with the equal doses of N,P2O5,and K₂O.The results indicated that integrated fertilization with chemical fertilizers and commercial organic manure could ensure high crop yield and effectively minimize loss of N and P,compared with only chemical treatment.Total concentrations of N and P in runoff were respectively at the range of 0.60 to 27.89mg/L,0.059 to 0.353mg/L,greater than the eutrophic water standard,and it would result in the water environment pollution.Ratios of N losses to N supply was higher than ratios of P,nitrate was the main form of N loss in runoff.Organic fertilizer combined with medium and higher rate of organic manure treatments could ensure a stable yield and reduce the loss of N and P to the environment,suggesting that an effective manner of fertilization for sustainable agriculture is proposed.

Key words: Rape-rice rotation system;Commercial organic manure;Nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff

孔文杰,. 油稻轮作下有机无机肥配施对作物产量及氮磷流失的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2013 (3): 63–66

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