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作物杂志,2016, 第6期: 154–159 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.06.026

所属专题： 玉米专题

• 种子科技 • 上一篇    下一篇

弧形电晕场处理对玉米种子活力及生理指标的影响

杨翠翠1,李法德2,李岩1,吴承来1,张春庆1   

  1. 1 作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,271018,山东泰安
    2 山东农业大学机电学院,271018,山东泰安
  • 收稿日期:2016-09-02 修回日期:2016-11-01 出版日期:2016-12-15 发布日期:2018-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 张春庆
  • 作者简介:杨翠翠，硕士，从事种子科学及技术研究;
  • 基金资助:
    山东重大技术创新专项基金(2015);公益性行业（农业）科技专项(201203052，201303005)

Effects of Arc-Tooth-Shaped Corona Discharge Field Treatment on Improving Corn Seed Vigor and Physiological Indexes

Yang Cuicui1,Li Fade2,Li Yan1,Wu Chenglai1,Zhang Chunqing1   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Agronomy college,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,Shandong,China
    2 Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,Shandong,China
  • Received:2016-09-02 Revised:2016-11-01 Online:2016-12-15 Published:2018-08-26
  • Contact: Chunqing Zhang

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摘要：

为明确电晕场处理对玉米种子活力及生理指标的影响,以玉米品种农大108和津北288为试验材料,研究了优化处理的条件及处理对玉米杂交种活力提高的幅度和生理指标的变化。结果表明,种子含水量不同时最优处理场强和时间随着种子水分含量的升高而降低;随着种子基础活力的提高,处理后种子活力的提高幅度降低,中、低活力的种子发芽率较对照提高12%~24%,活力指数提高28%~51%;在正常种子含水量（12%左右）条件下,350kV/m的场强处理5.6min条件对种子活力的提高效果较好。在优化的处理条件下,电晕场处理后α-淀粉酶、脱氢酶、SOD、POD、CAT活性均显著高于对照,而浸出液电导率显著低于对照。研究表明,在最优条件下,电晕场处理能有效提高种子活力、细胞膜的修复能力和各种代谢酶、保护酶的活性。

关键词: 玉米种子, 弧形电晕场, 种子含水量, 种子活力, 生理指标

Abstract:

To understand mechanism of arc-tooth-shaped corona discharge field (ATSCDF) on improving corn seed vigor, three samples of two hybrids, Nongda 108 and Jinbei 288, were used to study influences of seed moisture content and seed vigor after ATSCDF treatment. The optimized electric field strength and treatment time changed with seed moisture content. The longer treatment time and the greater varied the field strength became. Percentage of seed germination of middle and low vigor seeds could be increased by from 12% to 24%, of which vigor index was increased by from 28%-51%. The optimal treatment condition of ATSCDF was about 350 kV/m and 5.6min under normal moisture content. The six physiological indexes of seeds treated under optimal conditions, which were the electrical conductivity, the activities of amylase, dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT), were tested and compared with control. The activities of amylase, dehydrogenase, SOD, POD, and CAT increased significantly compared with the control for seeds of different vigor, and the electrical conductivity decreased significantly to the control. It was cleared that seed vigor could be actively increased by the treatment of ATSCDF under optimal condition, because of improvement of activities of many kinds of metabolic enzymes and protective enzymes, and of capability of repairing cell membrane.

Key words: Corn seed, Arc-tooth-shaped corona discharge field (ATSCDF), Seed moisture content, Seed vigor, Physiological indexes

图1

高压种子处理装置示意图1.交流试验变压器,2.高压硅堆,3.弧形电极,4.下极板,5.玉米种子,6.电流表,7.高压测量器"

表1

试验因素和水平"

水平
Level		 因素Factor
场强Field strength(kV/m) 时间Time(min)
6.0% 12.5% 16.0% 6.0% 12.5% 16.0%
-1.414 285 280 160 5.6 4.8 3.6
-1.000 320 300 200 6.0 5.0 4.0
0.000 400 350 300 7.0 5.5 5.0
1.000 480 400 400 8.0 6.0 6.0
1.414 515 420 440 8.4 6.2 6.4

表2

3种含水量玉米种子活力指标比较"

指标Index 处理
Treatment		 种子含水量
Seed moisture content
6.0% 12.5% 16.0%
发芽势(%)
Germination potential		 CK 64 54 67
优化条件处理 79** 69** 77**
相对提高(%) 23.4 27.8 14.9
发芽率(%)
Germination rate		 CK 74 74 74
优化条件处理 85** 84** 84**
相对提高(%) 14.9 13.5 13.5
发芽指数
Germination index		 CK 9.1 8.8 9.2
优化条件处理 10.6** 10.1** 10.4**
相对提高(%) 16.9 15.3 13.5
活力指数Vigor index CK 5.11 4.85 5.71
优化条件处理 6.89** 6.26** 7.23**
相对提高(%) 34.8 29.1 26.7
综合活力指标
Comprehensive vigor index		 CK 7.88 7.54 8.16
优化条件处理 9.69** 9.05** 9.64**
相对提高(%) 23.0 20.0 18.1

图2

弧形电晕场下3种不同活力玉米种子活力指标的比较大小写字母不同分别表示差异达1%和5%显著水平,下同"

图3

3种不同活力玉米种子电导率比较"

图4

3种不同活力玉米种子α-淀粉酶和脱氢酶活性的比较"

图5

3种不同活力玉米种子保护性酶活性比较"

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