不同栽培模式的土壤水热效应对马铃薯产量及结薯规律的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.03.014

作物杂志,2018, 第3期: 90–96 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.03.014

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇下一篇

不同栽培模式的土壤水热效应对马铃薯产量及结薯规律的影响

梁淑敏^1,²,王颖^1,²,潘哲超^1,²,张磊^1,²,徐宁生^1,²,李燕山^1,²,杨琼芬^1,²,李先平^1,²,白建明^1,²,姚春光^1,²,卢丽丽^1,²,隋启君^1,²

1 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所/云南省马铃薯工程技术研究中心,650205,云南昆明
2 农业农村部云贵高原马铃薯与油菜科学观测实验站,650200,云南昆明

收稿日期:2018-02-12 修回日期:2018-04-27 出版日期:2018-06-20 发布日期:2018-06-20
作者简介:梁淑敏,副研究员,主要从事马铃薯栽培技术研究;王颖为并列第一作者,助理研究员,主要从事马铃薯栽培与品质分析
基金资助:
云南省科技厅重点新产品开发计划“抗逆、抗病、高产马铃薯新品种选育及产业化开发”(2013BB005);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划“马铃薯优质生产与产业升级技术研究与示范”(2012BAD06B00);云南省科技厅高层次科技人才陪引工程“云南省农业科学院马铃薯育种及种薯产业技术研究省创新团队”(2011CL133)

Effects of Soil Moisture and Temperature with Different Cultivation Methods on the Yield and Tuberization of Potato

Liang Shumin^1,²,Wang Ying^1,²,Pan Zhechao^1,²,Zhang Lei^1,²,Xu Ningsheng^1,²,Li Yanshan^1,²,Yang Qiongfen^1,²,Li Xianping^1,²,ai Jianming^1,²,Yao Chunguang^1,²,Lu Lili^1,²,Sui Qijun^1,²

1 Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
2 Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Potato and Rapeseed in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Kunming 650200, Yunnan, China;

Received:2018-02-12 Revised:2018-04-27 Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对云贵高原高海拔冷凉地区马铃薯产量低的问题,通过采取覆膜等栽培措施提高地温以增加产量。为明确该地区最适宜的覆膜模式,通过3年的大田试验,设置4种栽培模式：平播后起垄（A1）、侧膜覆膜（A2）、覆膜覆土（A3）和大垄双行（A4,对照）,分析不同模式对土壤温湿度、产量及发育进程的影响。结果表明,以野马村为代表的云贵高海拔冷凉地区马铃薯全生育期内平均气温为14℃,比最适气温低4℃,土壤湿度>45%,水分不是主要限制因素,而提高地温是增产的关键。覆膜覆土是以野马村为代表的云贵高原高海拔冷凉地区的最适种植模式,可提早结薯9d,增产26.8%,提高商品薯率1.05%。

关键词: 马铃薯, 云贵高原, 高海拔冷凉地区, 栽培模式, 土壤水热效应, 结薯规律

Abstract: Aim

ing at solving the problem of low yield of potato in the high altitude and cool area of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, cultivation measures such as film mulching to increase the soil temperature were used for increasing potato yield. In order to clarify the most suitable film mulching mode in this area, four kinds of cultivation modes: double ridges after flat-planting (A1), double ridges plastic film cover with potato planting along the bigger ridge side (A2), double ridges mulching with the soil covering (A3) and double ridges (A4) as control were set up in 3 years field experiment. The effects of different cultivation modes on soil temperature and humidity, yield and development process were analyzed. The results showed that the average temperature during the whole growth period is 14℃ in Yema Village, typical climate area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and 4℃ lower than the optimum temperature, and soil humidity was higher than 45%, indicating water was not a limited factor. Increasing soil temperature was the key to get higher yield. A3 treatment was the most suitable cultivation mode in the area, which could increase yield by 26.8%, promote forming tubers 9 days early, and improve commodity tuber rate by 1.05%.

Key words: Potato, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, High altitude and cool area, Cultivation mode, Soil hydrothermal effect, Tuberization pattern

梁淑敏,王颖,潘哲超,张磊,徐宁生,李燕山,杨琼芬,李先平,白建明,姚春光,卢丽丽,隋启君. 不同栽培模式的土壤水热效应对马铃薯产量及结薯规律的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2018 (3): 90–96

Shumin Liang,Ying Wang,Zhechao Pan,Lei Zhang,Ningsheng Xu,Yanshan Li,Qiongfen Yang,Xianping Li,Jianming ai,Chunguang Yao,Lili Lu,Qijun Sui. Effects of Soil Moisture and Temperature with Different Cultivation Methods on the Yield and Tuberization of Potato[J]. Crops, 2018(3): 90–96

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项目Item	年份Year			平均值Average
项目Item	2014	2015	2016	平均值Average
全生育期总降水量Total rainfall of whole growth period (mm)	1 213.6	930.2	942.6	1 028.8±160.2
全生育期平均温度Average temperature of whole growth period (℃)	14.88	13.79	14.22	14.30±0.55

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	大薯产量(kg/21m²) Tuber yield of big potato	中薯产量(kg/21m²) Tuber yield of medium potato	小薯产量(kg/21m²) Tuber yield of small potato	产量(kg/21m²) Yield	折合产量(t/hm²) Equivalent production	商品薯率(%) Commodity tuber rate
云薯401	A1	72.52±30.74b	18.88±7.38a	7.18±3.46a	98.44±30.31b	46.65±6.90b	0.95±0.06ab
Yunshu 401	A2	66.24±30.83b	18.45±9.02a	7.24±2.36a	92.91±33.16b	44.25±7.35b	0.94±0.07b
	A3	81.02±28.82a	18.36±5.76a	5.79±2.77a	119.74±25.78a	56.70±11.10a	0.96±0.06a
	A4	71.79±25.41b	18.90±9.08a	7.98±6.47a	94.16±29.93b	44.70±6.30b	0.96±0.07a
云薯505	A1	103.33±29.94b	19.35±15.99a	5.98±2.68a	128.66±37.52b	45.90±11.10b	0.95±0.04ab
Yunshu 505	A2	102.01±37.76b	23.22±10.25a	4.58±2.48a	130.04±45.38b	61.95±13.20b	0.94±0.04b
	A3	118.28±36.22a	20.02±8.19a	5.75±2.81a	143.32±39.33a	68.10±12.15a	0.96±0.04a
	A4	100.89±22.22b	20.96±17.46a	4.55±1.93a	124.90±31.30b	59.10±7.95b	0.95±0.04a

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	方程Equation
2014	云薯401	A1	y=5.47x-184.08
	Yunshu 401	A2	y=7.28x-307.28
		A3	y=0.01x²+8.97x-266.21
		A4	y=-0.0594x²+19.72x-527.8
	云薯505	A1	y=-0.0551x²+19.588x-723.03
	Yunshu 505	A2	y=-0.23x²+51.159x-1746.6
		A3	y=5.8536x-172.79
		A4	y=-0.0369x²+14.653x-351.28
2015	云薯401	A1	y=10.72x-311.25
	Yunshu 401	A2	y=-0.0624x²+20.605x-516.09
		A3	y=6.52x+45.32
		A4	y=-0.039x²+16.51x-406.73
	云薯505	A1	y=-0.0762x²+22.351x- 499.13
	Yunshu 505	A2	y=-0.0695x²+22.521x-424.64
		A3	y=0.1437x²+35.593x-689.6
		A4	y=-0.0768x²+20.869x-448.12
2016	云薯401	A1	y=-0.0062x²+12.512x-299.1
	Yunshu 401	A2	y=14.659x-417.6
		A3	y=12.628x-268.54
		A4	y=0.0005x²+0.5809x+48.133
	云薯505	A1	y=8.6448x-168.62
	Yunshu 505	A2	y=-0.0205x²+15.766x-346.73
		A3	y=15.996x-420.16
		A4	y=12.679x-333.71

年份Year	品种Variety	A1	A2	A3	A4	A1-A4	A2-A4	A3-A4
2014	云薯401 Yunshu 401	37	42	28	37	0	-5	9
	云薯505 Yunshu 505	42	42	29	35	-7	-7	6
2015	云薯401 Yunshu 401	29	27	18	26	-3	-1	8
	云薯505 Yunshu 505	24	20	21	23	-1	3	2
2016	云薯401 Yunshu 401	49	52	47	51	2	-1	4
	云薯505 Yunshu 505	42	44	47	47	5	3	0
平均值Average		33.00	32.75	24.00	30.25	-1±4b	-1±4b	5±3a

处理 Treatment	播种后天数Days after sowing
处理 Treatment	19d	28d	36d	46d	60d
A1	0.37c	26.72±11.86a	81.41±11.10a	93.48±4.51a	94.86±1.33a
A2	8.11a	36.61±11.02a	85.72±8.00a	94.03±2.38a	96.93±0.59a
A3	2.87b	27.50±17.77a	75.05±12.96a	90.12±4.14a	94.62±3.40a
A4	0.92c	22.84±14.48a	75.01±15.89a	91.45±4.12a	95.57±1.90a

不同栽培模式的土壤水热效应对马铃薯产量及结薯规律的影响

Effects of Soil Moisture and Temperature with Different Cultivation Methods on the Yield and Tuberization of Potato

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项目Item	土壤湿度Soil moisture				土壤温度Soil temperature
项目Item	10cm	15cm	20cm	30cm	10cm	15cm	20cm	30cm
产量Yield	-0.79^**	-0.80^**	-0.15	-0.63^*	-0.67^*	0.86^**	0.91^**	0.89^**
商品薯率Commodity rate	-0.059	-0.099	-0.62^*	-0.99^**	-0.10	0.27	0.37	0.32
结薯速率（苗期）Rate of tuberization（Seedling stage）	-0.64	-0.23	-0.46	-0.21	-0.70^**	0.77^**	0.82^**	0.80^**

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