普通小麦-野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系籽粒与品质性状分析

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

野生二粒小麦在农艺性状和品质性状上具有丰富的遗传变异,这些优异基因的导入对促进优质小麦生产具有重要的意义。以普通小麦品种Bethlehem（BLH）为遗传背景的野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系（chromosome arm substitution lines,CASLs）为材料,进行2年一点田间试验,考察籽粒（粒长、粒宽和千粒重）与品质相关性状（蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、淀粉含量和灰分含量）。结果表明：CASLs群体中3AL 2年的粒长均显著长于亲本BLH,推测3AL染色体上至少有1个正效QTL控制野生二粒小麦的粒长,至少3个控制粒长的负效QTLs分别位于4BS、6BL和7BL,至少11个控制千粒重的负效QTLs分别位于2AS、5AS、6AL、7AS、1BS、1BL、4BS、4BL、5BL、6BL和7BL,至少6个与蛋白质含量正相关的QTLs分别位于6AL、1BS、2BS、3BL、7BS和7BL,至少3个控制湿面筋形成的正效QTLs分别位于2BL、7BS和7BL,至少3个控制沉降值的主效QTLs分别位于4AL、7AL和7BL,至少1个控制淀粉形成的负效QTL位点位于7BL;至少1个促进小麦籽粒灰分含量增加的QTL位于7BL上。相关性分析表明,千粒重与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值和灰分含量呈显著或极显著的负相关,蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量、沉降值和灰分含量均呈极显著正相关,而与淀粉含量呈极显著负相关。综上所述,CASLs群体具有丰富的遗传多样性,且每个置换系只含有对应野生二粒小麦的染色体臂,各置换系有着不同的遗传特点,因此,可以综合利用置换系的有利性状对小麦目标性状进行遗传改良,进而为小麦育种提供更加丰富的遗传资源。

关键词: 野生二粒小麦, 染色体臂置换系, 籽粒性状, 品质性状, 相关性分析

Abstract:

To excavate the excellent genetic resources of wild emmer, the wild emmer chromosome arm substitution lines with the common wheat variety Bethlehem (BLH) as the genetic background was chosen. The yield related traits (grain length, grain width and 1000-grain weight) and quality related traits (protein content, wet gluten content, zeleny, starch content, and ash content) were investigated. The results showed that, the grain length of 3AL during two years was significantly longer than that of the parent BLH, suggesting at least one positive QTL for grain length on the 3AL chromosome arm of wild emmer. Similarly, at least three negative QTLs controlling grain length were located on 4BS, 6BL, and 7BL, respectively. At least 11 negative QTLs for 1000-grain weight were located on 2AS, 5AS, 6AL, 7AS, 1BS, 1BL, 4BS, 4BL, 5BL, 6BL and 7BL, respectively. At least six positive QTLs increasing protein content distributed on 6AL, 1BS, 2BS, 3BL, 7BS and 7BL, respectively. At least three positive QTLs responsible for wet gluten content were scattered at 2BL, 7BS and 7BL. At least three major QTLs controlling sedimentation value located at 4AL, 7AL and 7BL. Negative QTL site controlling starch content positioned at 7BL. QTL for ash content of wheat grain was on 7BL. Correlation analysis showed negative correlation between grain weight and protein content, wet gluten content, the zeleny and ash content, while the protein content was positively correlated with the wet gluten content, the zeleny, and the ash content and negatively correlated with starch content. Results showed that CASLs group are rich in genetic diversity, and each substitution lines only contains the chromosome arms corresponding to wild emmer, each of which has different genetic characteristics, so it can comprehensively utilize the favorable traits of the substitution lines.

Key words: Triticum dicoccoides, Chromosome arm substitution lines, Grain trait, Quality trait, Correlation analysis

王中秋, 应鹏飞, 陈梦涛, 贺琼颖, 胡鑫. 普通小麦-野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系籽粒与品质性状分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2020 (4): 37–44

Wang Zhongqiu, Ying Pengfei, Chen Mengtao, He Qiongying, Hu Xin. Analysis of Grain and Quality Traits of Chromosome Arm Substitution Lines of Triticum dicoccoides in the Background of Triticum aestivum[J]. Crops, 2020(4): 37–44

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性状Trait	年份 Year	亲本Parent BLH	CASLs群体CASLs population
性状Trait	年份 Year	亲本Parent BLH	最小值Min	最大值Max	变幅Range	平均数Mean	变异系数Variable coefficient (%)
粒长Grain length (mm)	2018	6.80	5.90	7.30	1.40	6.50	4.60
	2019	6.70	5.90	7.50	1.50	6.60	4.80
	均值Mean	6.75	5.90	7.38	1.47	6.55	4.70
粒宽Grain width (mm)	2018	3.30	2.90	3.60	0.70	3.30	5.20
	2019	3.20	2.80	3.70	0.90	3.20	6.80
	均值Mean	3.25	2.86	3.66	0.81	3.25	6.00
千粒重1000-grain weight (g)	2018	42.13	32.20	44.70	12.50	38.83	7.30
	2019	41.39	29.05	42.74	13.69	38.11	7.40
	均值Mean	41.76	30.63	43.72	13.10	38.47	7.35
蛋白质含量Protein content (%)	2018	13.53	12.24	18.55	6.31	13.89	8.30
	2019	13.43	12.38	16.99	4.61	13.73	6.60
	均值Mean	13.48	12.31	17.77	5.46	13.81	7.45
湿面筋含量Wet gluten content (%)	2018	26.75	24.18	38.99	14.81	28.44	9.50
	2019	27.45	24.20	35.87	11.67	28.04	7.40
	均值Mean	27.10	24.19	37.43	13.24	28.24	8.45
沉降值Zeleny (mL)	2018	40.55	32.15	62.75	30.60	41.32	13.10
	2019	40.99	32.43	51.65	19.22	40.63	9.90
	均值Mean	40.77	32.29	57.20	24.91	40.98	11.50
淀粉含量Starch content (%)	2018	58.42	53.11	60.72	7.61	58.23	2.20
	2019	58.25	53.12	61.56	8.44	58.35	2.60
	均值Mean	58.34	53.12	61.14	8.03	58.29	2.40
灰分含量Ash content (%)	2018	0.51	0.48	0.56	0.08	0.51	3.40
	2019	0.52	0.49	0.59	0.10	0.53	3.40
	均值Mean	0.52	0.49	0.58	0.09	0.52	3.40

2018年 In 2018	粒长 Grain length	粒宽 Grain width	千粒重 1000-grain weight	蛋白质含量 Protein content	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content	沉降值 Zeleny	淀粉含量 Starch content	灰分含量 Ash content	2019年 In 2019
粒长	-1	-0.81^**	-0.61^**	-0.27^*	-0.26^*	-0.15	-0.27^*	-0.18	粒长
粒宽	-0.57^**	-1	-0.43^**	-0.25^*	-0.25^*	-0.15	-0.33^**	-0.20	粒宽
千粒重	-0.47^**	-0.41^*	-1	-0.48^**	-0.46^**	-0.39^**	-0.16	-0.28	千粒重
蛋白质含量	-0.18	-0.38^*	-0.47^**	-1	-0.96^**	-0.84^**	-0.68^**	-0.55^**	蛋白质含量
湿面筋含量	-0.15	-0.39^*	-0.55^**	-0.96^**	-1	-0.87^**	-0.64^**	-0.56^**	湿面筋含量
沉降值	-0.23^*	-0.12	-0.56^**	-0.88^**	-0.89^**	-1	-0.58^**	-0.45^**	沉降值
淀粉含量	-0.20	-0.31^*	-0.27^*	-0.77^**	-0.77^**	-0.66^**	-1	-0.65^**	淀粉含量
灰分含量	-0.17	-0.22	-0.33^*	-0.68^**	-0.67^**	-0.60^**	-0.63^**	-1	灰分含量