MAGIC群体的遗传特征及其在作物耐逆研究上的应用

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多亲本高世代互交（multi-parent advanced generation intercross,MAGIC）群体是近年来发展起来的新一代遗传作图及育种群体。MAGIC群体最初是以研究动物及人类复杂性状遗传基础为目标而构建的基于多亲本的重组近交群体,随后将其构建方法衍生到植物中应用。MAGIC群体应用于作物遗传育种,可以建立包含无限多株系的群体,主要的优势是拥有大量可利用的多样性遗传基因池。亲本可选用育种中性状优异的材料,通过多次重组创造大量的遗传变异。群体中选出的优良株系可用作育种中间材料或直接组配新品种,也可灵活应用于数量性状位点（quantitative trait locus,QTL）的精确遗传定位分析,真正做到育种群体和定位群体的有机整合。作物耐逆性大多是由QTL控制,因此,主要围绕MAGIC群体的定义、构建流程、遗传特征及其在作物耐逆性研究上的应用和发展前景作综合性阐述。

关键词: MAGIC群体, 数量性状位点, 遗传变异, 作物耐逆性

Abstract:

Multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) is a new generation population for genetic mapping and breeding selection. It was originally derived from an idea for exploring the genetic basis of quantitative traits in animals and humans, which aimed to construct a generically complex recombined selfing population based on multiple parents, and hereafter to popularize its application to plants. Now, the MAGIC population has been applied to crop genetics and breeding, by creating a population that contains a large number of various interrelated lines. The fundamental benefit of the MAGIC population was the diversity of its genetic gene pools, which could give a large amount of germplasm for selection and precise mapping. After numerous generations of recombinations, lines with high performance could be directly or indirectly selected and used in breeding initiatives. Furthermore, it was primarily used for the exact genetic mapping of complex quantitative trait locus (QTL), particularly for qualities like stress tolerance. As the characteristics of MAGIC population were suitable for studying the stress tolerance controlled by QTL quantitative trait loci, in this review, we summarized its origination, construction points, genetic characteristics and recent research applications in stress tolerance, and further to discuss its new prospects.

Key words: MAGIC population, Quantitative trait locus, Genetic variation, Crops stress tolerance

荣克伟, 柳波娟, 卢跃磊, 陈勇, 罗平, 赵康, 郝转芳, 高文伟. MAGIC群体的遗传特征及其在作物耐逆研究上的应用[J]. 作物杂志, 2022 (3): 9–19

Rong Kewei, Liu Bojuan, Lu Yuelei, Chen Yong, Luo Ping, Zhao Kang, Hao Zhuanfang, Gao Wenwei. Genetic Characteristics of MAGIC Population and Its Application in Crop Stress Tolerance[J]. Crops, 2022(3): 9–19

图/表 5

图1

表1

MAGIC群体在植物遗传研究中的应用

作物 Crop	类型 Type	亲本选择 Parental selection	杂交方式 Hybridization	群体规模 Group size	基因型鉴定 Genotyping	研究性状 Research trait	分析方法 Analytical method	参考文献 Reference
拟南芥 Arabidopsis	–	19亲本	随机杂交	1026 F₄	1260 SNPs	抽薹期	QTL	[26]
水稻Rice	籼稻	4亲本DC1	双列杂交	495 F₆	6K SNP芯片	籽粒产量性状、穗相关性状、分蘖相关性状、抽穗期、苗期和株高	GWAS	[23,28-31]
		4亲本DC2	双列杂交	525 F₆
		8亲本	Funnel杂交	668 F₆	55K SNP芯片, GBS
	籼稻	8亲本	Funnel杂交	1328 S₇	GBS: 17387 SNP	产量性状、稻米品质、开花期、株高、粒型、抗旱性、耐涝性、耐盐性、抗病性（稻瘟病、白叶枯病、褐斑病）	QTL,GWAS	[32⇓-34]
		MAGIC PLUS	―	144 S₈
		MAGIC PLUS DH系	―	76 DH
	粳稻	8亲本	Funnel杂交	500 S₅
	籼―粳	GLOBAL MAGIC	―	1402 S₇
小麦Wheat	春小麦	4亲本	Funnel杂交	1579 F₆	826 DArTs、283SNPs、53SSRs,9K SNP芯片,90K SNP芯片	株高、籽粒重、胚芽鞘长度	LMC,QTL	[13,35-36]
	冬小麦	8亲本	Funnel杂交	1091 F₇	90K SNP芯片	产量、开花期、病害和株高	LMC,QTL	[37-38]
	全麦粉	4亲本	Funnel杂交	332 F₆	SSR	产量性状、抗白粉病	QTL,LMC	[39]
	欧洲小麦	60亲本	随机杂交	1000 S₄	9K SNP芯片	抽穗期	LDA,GWAS	[40]
					14个KASPar SNP
大麦 Hordeum	–	8亲本	Funnel杂交	5000 DH	9K SNP芯片	开花期	QTL	[41]
大麦 Hordeum		8亲本	Funnel杂交	642 F₅	9K SNP芯片	黄斑病	LMC,QTL	[42]
棉花Cotton	陆地棉	11亲本	随机杂交	547 F₅	GBS	纤维品质	GWAS,QTL	[43]
		8亲本	随机杂交	960 MLs	SLAF-seq	开花期、株型、果枝数	GWAS,QTL	[44]
		11亲本	随机杂交	550 RIL	47K SNP芯片	株高、茎秆质量	GWAS,QTL	[45]
高粱 Sorghum	–	29亲本	随机杂交	1000 F₆	GBS	株高	GWAS,QTL	[46]
作物 Crop	类型 Type	亲本选择 Parental selection	杂交方式 Hybridization	群体规模 Group size	基因型鉴定 Genotyping	研究性状 Research trait	分析方法 Analytical method	参考文献 Reference
烟草 Tobacco	–	8亲本	双列杂交	600 F₄	430K 芯片	株型、烟叶品质	GWAS	[47]
玉米 Maize	–	8亲本	Funnel杂交	1636 F₆	GBS	开花期、株高、穗位高	LMC,AM,QTL	[48]
		4亲本	Funnel杂交	1149 S₃	118K SNP 芯片	株高、穗高、散粉期、吐丝期	QTL,GWAS	[49]
		8亲本	Funnel杂交	401 RIL	56K SNP 芯片	苗重、苗长和黄萎病	QTL,NAM	[50]
		8亲本	Funnel杂交	700F₆	110K SNP 芯片	镰孢菌穗腐病	LMC,AM,QTL	[51]
		8亲本	Funnel杂交	406 RIL	100K SNP 芯片,GBS	发芽率、叶绿素和出苗期	GWAS,QTL	[52]
		8亲本	Funnel杂交	368 MLs	1000K SNP芯片,GBS	籽粒含油量	GWAS,QTL	[53]
		16亲本	Funnel杂交	513 RIL	500K SNP芯片	株高、叶形态、开花期、穗大小	GWAS	[54]
		4亲本	Funnel杂交	1044 F₆	50K SNP芯片	产量、吐丝期、株高	QTL,AM	[55]
油菜 Brassica napus	甘蓝型	8亲本	随机杂交	680 F₆	–	始花期、抗病性	SSD	[56]

表1

图2

图3

图4

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