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作物杂志,2022, 第4期: 146–153 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.020

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于能值改进模型的红米与烤烟作物系统可持续性评价——以贵州省盘州市为例

孙凯1(), 梁龙1(), 李仲佰2   

  1. 1贵州财经大学管理科学与工程学院,550025,贵州贵阳
    2盘州市农业农村局,553537,贵州盘州
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-07 修回日期:2021-12-26 出版日期:2022-08-15 发布日期:2022-08-22
  • 通讯作者: 梁龙
  • 作者简介:孙凯,主要研究方向为农村发展,E-mail： 1563828792@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技厅科技计划项目“构建碳足迹大数据推动贵州特色农业全产业链绿色发展研究”(黔科合基础（2020）1Z057);2021年贵州财经大学在校研究生科研项目(2020ZXSY59)

Sustainability Evaluation of the Red Rice and Flue-Cured Tobacco Crop System Based on the Improved Emergy Model——A Case Study of Panzhou City, Guizhou Province

Sun Kai1(), Liang Long1(), Li Zhongbai2   

  1. 1College of Management Science and Engineering, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
    2Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Panzhou City, Panzhou 553537, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2021-12-07 Revised:2021-12-26 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22
  • Contact: Liang Long

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摘要：

为准确测度农作物生产的可持续发展水平,进一步提高可持续发展能力。将碳排放与碳固定视为农田系统环境产出,纳入能值分析框架,建立能值改进指标,评价区域红米和烤烟2种不同作物生产模式的可持续性并进行灵敏性测试。研究发现,红米和烤烟系统的能值投入分别是1.26E+17sej/hm2和1.24E+17sej/hm2,产品能值产出分别是2.61E+16sej/hm2和6.55E+15sej/hm2,红米生产模式的产品产出效率较好。在环境能值产出方面,红米系统表现为净温室气体排放“源”,碳排放（5.97E+16sej/hm2）远大于碳固定（1.30E+15sej/hm2）,减排潜力较大;而烤烟系统则表现为碳固定盈余,碳排放（1.95E+14sej/hm2）小于碳固定（3.42E+14sej/hm2）。温室气体排放量变化对作物系统环境负载率和可持续发展水平的影响最大。结论表明,在传统能值分析体系中增设碳排放与碳固定指标可为农业系统可持续性评价提供更加全面的测算思路和方法借鉴。

关键词: 环境产出, 能值改进指标, 红米系统, 烤烟系统, 可持续性评价

Abstract:

The goal of this study is to measure the sustainable development level of crop production, and to further improve the capacity of sustainable development. In the emergy analysis framework, carbon emission and carbon sequestration were considered as environmental outputs of the farmland system, and the emergy improvement index was created to evaluate the sustainability of two different crop production modes of red rice and flue-cured tobacco, as well as test its sensitivity. It was found that the emergy input of red rice and flue-cured tobacco system were 1.26E+17sej/ha and 1.24E+17sej/ha, respectively, and the product emergy output were 2.61E+16sej/ha and 6.55E+15sej/ha, respectively. The production pattern of red rice was better than flue-cured tobacco in the system product output efficiency. In terms of the environmental emergy output, the red rice system was source of net greenhouse gas emissions, it’s carbon emissions (5.97E+16sej/ha) were much more than carbon sequestration (1.30E+15sej/ha). There was great potential for emission reduction. The flue-cured tobacco system showed the carbon sequestration surplus, it’s carbon emissions (1.95E+14sej/ha) was less than carbon sequestration (3.42E+14sej/ha). The changes of greenhouse gas emissions had the greatest impact on the environmental load rate and sustainable development level of crop systems. This study showed that the addition of carbon emission and carbon sequestration indexes in the traditional emergy analysis system could provide more comprehensive calculation ideas and methods for the sustainability evaluation of agricultural production system.

Key words: Environmental output, Emergy improvement indexes, Red rice system, Flue-cured tobacco system, Sustainability evaluation

表1

新民镇2种典型作物种植面积及分布情况

项目
Item		 粮食作物系统
Grain crop system		 经济作物系统
Cash crop system
作物Crop 红米 烤烟
全生育周期Full growth cycle 5-9月 5-9月
种植面积Planting area (hm2) 866.7 354.5

表2

各投入要素的温室气体排放系数

项目Item 碳排放系数
Emission coefficient		 参考文献
Reference
劳动力Human labor (d) 0.86 [32]
柴油Diesel fuel (L) 3.75 [33]
氮肥Nitrogen fertilizer (kg) 7.76 [34]
磷肥Phosphorus fertilizer (kg) 2.33 [34]
钾肥Potassium fertilizer (kg) 0.66 [34]
有机肥Organic fertilizer (kg) 0.23 [35]
农膜Plastic film (kg) 0.10 [35]
农药Pesticide (kg) 18.00 [36]

表3

2种典型农作系统的原始数据及能值结果

项目
Item		 能值转化率
Unit emergy value
(sej/unit)		 原始数据Raw data 能值Emergy value
红米
Red rice		 烤烟
Flue-cured tobacco		 红米
Red rice		 烤烟
Flue-cured tobacco
能值投入
Emergy inputs
(sej/hm2)		 可更新自然资源 – – – 1.12E+17 1.12E+17
太阳能 1.00E+00 1.54E+13 1.54E+13 1.54E+13 1.54E+13
风能 1.86E+03 1.55E+08 1.55E+08 2.89E+11 2.89E+11
雨水化学能 2.35E+04 4.76E+12 4.76E+12 1.12E+17 1.12E+17
不可更新自然资源 – – – 2.20E+15 2.20E+15
表土损失能 7.94E+04 2.77E+10 2.77E+10 2.20E+15 2.20E+15
不可更新工业辅助能量 – – – 2.08E+14 1.80E+15
氮肥 4.83E+09 – 1.27E+05 – 6.14E+14
磷肥 4.96E+09 – 1.27E+05 – 6.31E+14
钾肥 1.40E+09 – 1.27E+05 – 1.78E+14
柴油 8.41E+04 2.48E+09 4.09E+09 2.08E+14 3.44E+14
农药 2.06E+09 1.20E+02 5.70E+02 2.47E+11 1.17E+12
农膜 4.83E+08 – 7.50E+04 – 3.62E+13
可更新生物有机能 – – – 1.12E+16 8.33E+15
劳动力 5.73E+06 9.83E+08 1.42E+09 5.63E+15 8.12E+15
种子 2.60E+04 2.15E+11 7.34E+09 5.59E+15 1.91E+14
有机肥 3.44E+06 5.25E+05 4.13E+06 1.81E+12 1.42E+13
总投入 – – – 1.26E+17 1.24E+17
能值产出
Emergy outputs
(sej/hm2)		 农产品 – 1.08E+11 3.27E+10 2.61E+16 6.55E+15
碳排放 5.09E+07 1.17E+09 3.83E+06 5.97E+16 1.95E+14
碳固定 5.09E+07 2.56E+07 6.72E+06 1.30E+15 3.42E+14

图1

2种典型农作系统的能值投入结构

表4

2种典型农作系统的能值评价指标

项目
Item		 红米
Red rice		 烤烟
Flue-cured tobacco
传统能值评价指标
EMA index		 EYR 2.28 0.65
ELR 0.02 0.03
ESI 116.84 19.43
能值改进评价指标
E-EMA index		 EYR 2.28 0.66
ELR 0.49 0.03
EESI 4.63 19.87

表5

2种典型农作系统环境产出变化及能值指标波动

项目Item 红米Red rice 烤烟Flue-cured tobacco
EYS ELR EESI EYS ELR EESI
增加200% Increase 200% 碳排放Carbon emission – 98.18% ↑ 49.54% ↓ 2.20% ↓ 1.20% ↑ 3.35% ↓
碳固定Carbon sequestration – 2.14% ↓ 2.18% ↑ 5.11% ↑ – 5.11% ↑
减少50% Reduction 50% 碳排放Carbon emission – 49.09% ↓ 96.42% ↑ 1.46% ↑ – 1.46% ↑
碳固定Carbon sequestration – 1.07% ↑ 1.06% ↓ 2.20% ↓ 0.60% ↑ 2.78% ↓

图2

红米系统环境产出增（减）后的灵敏性系数

图3

烤烟系统环境产出增（减）后的灵敏性系数

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