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作物杂志,2024, 第5期: 247–254 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.05.035

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

几种杀菌剂对荞麦茎溃疡病菌的生物活性和田间防治效果

郭婷1,2(), 刘雨薇1,3, 吴进蓉1, 班瑞娟1, 岳文冉4, 李哲5, 王莉花6(), 张笑宇1()   

  1. 1内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院，010020，内蒙古呼和浩特
    2内蒙古农牧业科学院，010000，内蒙古呼和浩特
    3包头市达茂旗农牧局，014599，内蒙古包头
    4内蒙古民族大学生命科学与食品学院，028000，内蒙古通辽
    5通辽市农业技术推广中心，028000，内蒙古通辽
    6云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所，650205，云南昆明
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-05 修回日期:2023-09-20 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-10-16
  • 通讯作者: 张笑宇，主要从事植物病理学研究，E-mail：zxy2000@126.com；王莉花，主要从事荞麦病害控制和遗传育种研究，E-mail：908242246@qq.com
  • 作者简介:郭婷，主要从事植物病理学研究，E­mail：2601565825@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业（燕麦荞麦）产业技术体系(CARS-07-C-2);云南省重大科技专项与重点研发计划(202202AE090020)

Biological Activity and Field Control Effects of Several Fungicides against Buckwheat Stem Canker by Rhizoctonia spp.

Guo Ting1,2(), Liu Yuwei1,3, Wu Jinrong1, Ban Ruijuan1, Yue Wenran4, Li Zhe5, Wang Lihua6(), Zhang Xiaoyu1()   

  1. 1College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
    3Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Damao Banner, Baotou 014599, Inner Mongolia, China
    4College of Life Science and Food Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, China
    5Tongliao Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, China
    6Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2023-07-05 Revised:2023-09-20 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-10-16

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摘要：

荞麦茎溃疡病是影响荞麦产量和品质的重要因素，选用常用真菌杀菌剂，测定其对荞麦茎溃疡病菌生物活性并进行田间防治效果试验。生物活性测定结果显示，40%氟硅唑EC、25g/L咯菌腈FS、15%三唑酮WP、40%福美·拌种灵WP抑制作用较好，其中40%氟硅唑EC 500 μg/mL抑制率最高，为89.7%，有效浓度EC50为1.56 μg/L。田间防治效果试验中，250 g/L嘧菌酯SC 675~855 mL/hm2、40 %氟硅唑EC 150~375 mL/hm2、250 g/L吡唑·醚菌酯EC 570 mL/hm2、40%福美·拌种灵WP 0.15~2.85 g/hm2和50%氟啶胺SC 375~480 mL/hm2防治效果较好，产量和净利润明显提升。生产中，荞麦茎溃疡病可以使用嘧菌酯、氟硅唑、吡唑·醚菌酯、福美·拌种灵和氟啶胺沟施防治。

关键词: 荞麦, 荞麦茎溃疡病, 丝核菌, 生物活性, 化学防治

Abstract:

Buckwheat stem canker is an important disease affecting yield and quality of buckwheat. The biological activity of Rhizoctonia spp. against stem canker of buckwheat was determined by using common fungicides. Biological activity assay results showed that flusilazole 40% EC, fludioxonil 25 g/L FS, triadimefon 15% WP and Thiram·Seedvax 40% WP had obvious inhibitory effects, and the inhibitory rate of flusilazole 40% EC at 500 μg/mL was 89.7%, and EC50 was 1.56 μg/L. In field control tests, azoxystrobin 250 g/L SC at dosage 675-855 mL/ha, flusilazole 40% EC at dosage 150-375 mL/ha, pyraclostrobin 250 g/L EC at dosage 570 mL/ha, Thiram·Seedvax 40% WP at dosage 0.15-2.85 g/ha and fluazinam 50% SC at dosage 375-480 mL/ha had better control effects, increased production and net profit obviously. Azoxystrobin, Thiram·Seedvax, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and fluazinam can be used to control the buckwheat stem canker disease during production by passing them down ditches.

Key words: Buckwheat, Buckwheat stem canker, Rhizoctonia spp., Biological activity, Chemical control

表1

14种杀菌剂对荞麦茎溃疡病菌生物活性的影响

药剂
Fungicide		 制剂浓度
Preparation concentration
(μg/mL)		 平均抑制率
Average inhibition
rate (%)		 相关系数
Coefficient of
correlation		 毒力回归方程
Regression equation
of virulence		 EC50
(95% CI)
(μg/L)
10%苯醚甲环唑WG
Difenoconazole 10% WG		 10 000 51.2 0.6959 y=0.9603x+1.3194 7.10 (0.72~0.76)
3333 41.3
2000 40.3
1429 29.0
1111 13.8
40%氟硅唑EC
Flusilazole 40% EC		 500 89.7 0.9764 y=2.6358x-0.8380 1.56 (0.43~0.44)
333 74.5
250 70.2
200 62.7
150 47.7
40%福美·拌种灵WP
Thiram·Seedvax 40% WP		 1000 77.9 0.9840 y=1.4643x+0.3953 2.78 (0.63~0.64)
500 67.4
333 53.5
250 48.5
200 40.0
25 g/L咯菌腈FS
Fludioxonil 25 g/L FS		 222 83.8 0.9351 y=9.4308x-16.0070 1.69 (0.40~0.45)
200 70.9
182 60.9
167 56.8
154 31.2
70%恶霉灵WP
Hymexazol 70% WP		 5000 17.7 0.1412 y=0.3502x+2.6265 773.47 (0.84~0.91)
2500 5.9
1667 15.6
1250 9.0
1000 10.1
80%代森锰锌WP
Mancozeb 80% WP		 10 000 42.7 0.6751 y=0.3216x+3.5766 27.31 (0.70~0.76)
3333 40.1
2000 40.6
1429 31.6
1111 31.0
50%异菌脲SC
Iprodione 50% SC		 2000 62.4 0.9658 y=3.8459x-7.4598 1.72 (0.68~0.75)
1429 34.7
1111 20.0
909 17.9
769 8.5
15%三唑酮WP
Triadimefon 15% WP		 10 000 80.8 0.9013 y=0.8276x+2.5887 0.88 (0.62~0.65)
3333 69.2
2000 68.8
1429 55.8
1111 51.0
50%氟啶胺SC
Fluazinam 50% SC		 1000 62.0 0.9835 y=1.6605x+0.3348 0.65 (0.55~0.56)
500 41.4
333 35.2
250 24.7
200 18.5
50%啶酰菌胺WG
Boscalid 50% WG		 1667 51.8 0.9925 y=3.1967x-5.2863 1.64 (0.68~0.72)
1250 32.8
1000 24.7
833 17.5
714 12.0
250 g/L嘧菌酯EC
Azoxystrobin 250 g/L EC		 1000 62.7 0.8146 y=0.3932x+3.8853 0.58 (0.47~0.54)
333 47.4
200 44.9
143 40.2
111 38.6
250 g/L吡唑·醚菌酯EC
Pyraclostrobin 250 g/L EC		 5000 79.0 0.9839 y=1.8513x-1.0456 1.83 (0.65~0.66)
2500 58.0
1667 48.2
1250 41.2
1000 28.4
42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺SC
Flutolanil 42.4% SC		 100 71.4 0.9011 y=1.5848x+2.5295 0.04 (0.29~0.34)
50 66.1
33 52.4
25 36.8
20 30.8
70%甲基硫菌灵WP
Thiophanate-Methyl 70% WP		 1000 69.5 0.8986 y=1.1926x+2.0501 0.29 (0.47~0.51)
333 58.5
200 47.7
143 33.8
111 24.6

表2

2018年14种杀菌剂对荞麦茎溃疡病的田间防治效果

药剂
Fungicide		 用药量
Dosage (/hm2)		 病情指数
Disease index		 防治效果
Control efficiency (%)		 千粒重
1000-seed weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 增产
Increase production (%)
空白对照Blank control 57.8±2.0b 25.1±0.3b 912.0±38.1cd
接菌对照Inoculation control 79.4±1.5a 21.3±0.5c 550.5±14.7h
70%甲基硫菌灵WP
Thiophanate-Methyl 70% WP		 1800.000 g
 52.1±2.6b
 34.60±3.28c
 25.3±0.4b
 738.0±54.6efg
 74.85
10%苯醚甲环唑WG
Difenoconazole 10% WG		 1500.000 g
 54.8±4.5b
 30.98±5.60c
 31.1±0.7a
 868.5±44.2de
 126.95
15%三唑酮WP
Triadimefon 15% WP		 1200.000 g
 53.0±2.8b
 33.25±3.56c
 26.7±0.4b
 690.0±46.8fgh
 55.69
50%异菌脲SC
Iprodione 50% SC		 1500.000 mL
 54.6±4.1b
 31.23±5.16c
 26.1±0.4b
 670.5±31.2fgh
 47.90
50%啶酰菌胺WG
Boscalid 50% WG		 750.000 g
 51.5±1.7b
 35.14±2.18c
 23.2±0.3b
 732.0±32.0efg
 72.46
80%代森锰锌WP
Mancozeb 80% WP		 3750.000 g
 56.7±2.5b
 28.59±3.20c
 24.8±0.3b
 627.5±50.2gh
 30.72
250 g/L嘧菌酯SC
Azoxystrobin 250 g/L EC		 2250.000 mL
 31.8±2.5cde
 59.95±3.20ab
 24.8±0.4b
 1038.0±48.5bc
 194.61
40%氟硅唑EC
Flusilazole 40% EC		 187.500 mL
 22.9±4.4e
 71.16±5.53a
 26.2±0.4b
 1228.5±57.2a
 270.66
250 g/L吡唑·醚菌酯EC
Pyraclostrobin 250 g/L EC		 750.000 mL
 28.2±4.5de
 64.48±5.60ab
 26.2±0.2b
 1083.0±42.4b 212.57
42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺SC
Flutolanil 42.4% SC		 450.000 mL
 38.1±3.8c
 52.02±4.80b
 31.2±0.4a
 772.5±58.0def
 88.62
50%氟啶胺SC
Fluazinam 50% SC		 450.000 mL
 37.0±2.5cd
 53.40±3.20b
 25.5±0.1b
 883.5±55.4d
 132.93
25 g/L咯菌腈FS
Fludioxonil 25 g/L FS		 105.000 mL
 49.0±1.9b
 38.29±2.40c
 25.4±0.5b
 796.5±37.2def
 98.20
70%恶霉灵WP
Hymexazol 70% WP		 0.750 g
 57.7±3.3b
 27.33±4.15c
 26.2±0.3b
 684.0±38.1fgh
 53.29
40%福美·拌种灵WP
Thiram·Seedvax 40% WP		 2.850 g
 29.3±1.4cde
 63.10±1.82ab
 23.5±0.5b
 915.0±30.3cd
 145.51

表3

2019年4种杀菌剂不同浓度对荞麦茎溃疡病的田间防治效果

药剂
Fungicide		 用药量
Dosage
(/hm2)		 病情指数
Disease
index		 防治效果
Control
efficiency (%)		 千粒重
1000-seed
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 增产
Increase
production (%)
空白对照Blank control 59.2±3.6b 24.0±2.8a 1281.0±15.6abc
接菌对照Inoculation control 75.6±4.1a 20.5±3.9a 976.5±42.5e
40%氟硅唑EC
Flusilazole 40% EC		 225.000 mL 27.2±2.7e 64.02±3.59a 27.5±3.5a 1353.0±60.7a 38.56
150.000 mL 32.1±3.9cde 57.54±5.19abcd 26.6±2.4a 1194.0±37.2abcd 22.27
75.000 mL 39.4±3.0cd 47.88±3.97bcd 20.6±1.9a 1117.5±52.0cde 14.44
25 g/L咯菌腈FS
Fludioxonil 25 g/L FS		 100.050 mL 30.0±3.9cde 60.32±5.10abc 26.9±2.1a 982.7±44.2e 0.41
90.000 mL 33.2±2.5de 56.08±3.28abcd 23.0±3.8a 1088.7±71.9de 7.48
81.000 mL 32.3±3.3cde 57.28±4.35abcd 24.4±1.4a 986.7±47.9e 0.68
250 g/L吡唑·醚菌酯EC
Pyraclostrobin 250 g/L EC		 2250.000 mL 36.1±1.9cde 52.25±2.52abcd 23.6±2.8a 1302.0±65.9ab 33.33
1125.000 mL 39.6±3.7cd 47.62±4.89cd 24.6±1.9a 1149.0±56.2bc 17.67
750.000 mL 41.2±4.7c 45.50±6.26cd 27.7±2.7a 1128.0±59.7cde 15.51
40%福美·拌种灵WP
Thiram·Seedvax 40% WP		 0.450 g 36.3±3.4cde 51.98±4.43abcd 23.2±3.7a 1033.5±56.3de 5.84
0.225 g 41.6±3.4c 44.97±4.43d 21.9±2.1a 1056.0±68.4de 8.14
0.150 g 28.0±3.8de 62.96±4.96ab 22.0±3.9a 1114.5±48.8cde 14.13

表4

2021年5种杀菌剂的不同浓度对荞麦茎溃疡病的田间防治效果

药剂
Fungicide		 用药量
Dosage
(mL/hm2)		 病情指数
Disease
index		 防治效果
Control
efficiency (%)		 千粒重
1000-seed
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 增产
Increase
production (%)
空白对照Blank control 9.3±1.3bc 24.2±0.5a 879.5±22.2cde
接菌对照Inoculation control 30.0±3.9a 22.8±1.5a 696.2±74.1fg
250 g/L嘧菌酯SC
Azoxystrobin 250 g/L EC		 675.000 9.2±2.5bc 69.50±8.18ab 25.5±2.2a 1016.0±70.8abc 80.73
765.000 9.4±1.8bc 68.53±6.08ab 26.1±1.0a 1051.7±38.5ab 89.74
855.000 5.8±0.9bc 80.83±3.10ab 24.7±2.4a 1061.4±30.0a 92.20
250 g/L吡唑·醚菌酯EC
Pyraclostrobin 250 g/L EC		 480.000 11.1±3.7bc 62.97±12.30ab 25.7±0.6a 794.0±47.4defg 24.69
570.000 9.6±2.3bc 79.17±6.89ab 26.8±3.2a 1046.6±73.4ab 88.45
765.000 6.1±2.1bc 79.60±6.89ab 26.8±1.9a 654.2±57.8g -10.60
40%氟硅唑EC
Flusilazole 40% EC		 375.000 4.6±0.9c 84.73±3.12a 26.3±2.2a 936.6±44.6abcd 60.70
480.000 7.0±0.9bc 76.67±3.08ab 27.6±2.9a 702.5±49.1fg 1.59
675.000 8.0±1.8bc 73.20±5.85ab 28.7±3.3a 705.8±37.5fg 2.42
50%氟啶胺SC
Fluazinam 50% SC		 375.000 11.0±2.2bc 63.47±5.85ab 28.3±2.2a 818.1±61.8defg 30.78
480.000 7.0±2.2bc 76.80±7.20ab 27.7±2.9a 890.7±59.5bcde 49.11
675.000 12.1±2.5b 59.60±8.43b 28.2±2.8a 824.0±25.4defg 32.26
42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺SC
Flutolanil 42.4% SC		 375.000 10.9±1.5bc 63.60±4.97ab 28.8±3.6a 733.1±56.6efg 9.31
480.000 5.8±1.0bc 80.63±3.25ab 28.3±2.7a 662.4±29.9g -8.52
675.000 11.0±2.2bc 63.40±7.35ab 26.6±2.2a 840.5±36.6def 36.43

表5

6种杀菌剂的经济效益分析

药剂
Fungicide		 用药量
Dosage (/hm2)		 增产量
Increase production
(kg/hm2)		 增收（元/hm2）
Increase income
(yuan/hm2)		 药剂费用（元/hm2）
Cost of fungicide
(yuan/hm2)		 净收益（元/hm2）
Net income
(yuan/hm2)
250 g/L嘧菌酯SC
Azoxystrobin 250 g/L EC		 675.000 mL 319.80 1790.85 675.00 1115.85
765.000 mL 355.50 1990.80 765.00 1225.80
855.000 mL 365.25 1990.65 855.00 1135.65
40%氟硅唑EC Flusilazole 40% EC 150.000 mL 217.50 687.30 165.00 522.30
187.500 mL 678.00 2142.45 206.30 1936.20
225.000 mL 376.50 1189.80 247.50 942.30
375.000 mL 240.45 1346.55 412.50 934.05
250 g/L吡唑·醚菌酯EC
Pyraclostrobin 250 g/L EC		 570.000 mL 350.40 1953.90 684.00 1269.90
750.000 mL 532.50 1682.70 900.00 782.70
40%福美·拌种灵WP
Thiram·Seedvax 40% WP		 0.150 g 138.00 436.05 0.03 436.05
0.450 g 57.00 180.15 0.02 180.00
2.850 g 364.50 1151.85 0.51 1151.40
25 g/L咯菌腈FS Fludioxonil 25 g/L FS 90.000 mL 112.20 354.60 38.70 315.90
50%氟啶胺SC Fluazinam 50% SC 375.000 mL 121.95 682.95 375.00 307.95
480.000 mL 194.55 1089.30 480.00 669.45
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