国内69份穇子营养品质与籽粒颜色关系初探

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.05.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究测定了69份穇子资源的籽粒颜色（明度：L^*，红度：a^*，黄度：b^*）及淀粉和总黄酮含量等12个营养指标，并根据L^*、a^*和b^*值分析各类粒色的营养指标差异及粒色值与营养指标的相关性。结果表明，采用聚类分析将69份穇子资源分为棕黄色、褐色和黑红色3类。黑红色穇子的平均蛋白质、总氨基酸、钙、铁、钾、镁、维生素B₂含量均高于其他颜色穇子，其中镁含量与其他2种粒色穇子都存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。由相关性结果可知，钙、镁含量均与L^*、b^*存在显著负相关（P<0.05），L^*和b^*越低，钙和镁含量越高。总糖含量与L^*值呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），淀粉与b^*呈显著负相关（P<0.05），其余均与粒色值相关性不大。

关键词: 穇子, 粒色, 营养指标, 黄酮含量

Abstract:

In this study, 12 nutritional indexes such as grain color (brightness: L^*, red: a^*, yellow: b^*), starch and total flavone contents of 69 finger millets resources were determined, and the differences of nutritional indexes of grain color and the correlation between grain color and nutritional indexes were analyzed according to L^*, a^* and b^* values. The results showed that the cluster analysis of 69 finger millet resources were separated into three groups: brown-yellow, brownness, and black-red. The average contents of protein, total amino acid, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, and VB₂ of black red finger millets were higher than those of all other colors, and the magnesium content was significantly different from that of the other two kinds of grain colors (P < 0.01). The correlation results exhibited that both calcium and magnesium contents were negatively correlated with L^* and b^* (P< 0.01). The lower the L^* and b^* values, the higher the content of Ca and Mg. Total glucose was negatively correlated with L^* value (P < 0.01), total starch content was negatively correlated with b^* value (P < 0.05), and the rest were not correlated with grain color value.

Key words: Finger millet, Grain color, Nutritional index, Flavonoid content

胡丽琴, 王素华, 张璐, 杨学乐, 何录秋, 汤睿, 李基光. 国内69份穇子营养品质与籽粒颜色关系初探[J]. 作物杂志, 2024 (5): 60–67

Hu Liqin, Wang Suhua, Zhang Lu, Yang Xuele, He Luqiu, Tang Rui, Li Jiguang. Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Nutritional Quality and Grain Color of 69 Domestic Finger Millet Resources[J]. Crops, 2024(5): 60–67

图/表 9

表1

69份穇子资源的籽粒颜色分类

编号Number	L^*	a^*	b^*	聚类Cluster	编号Number	L^*	a^*	b^*	聚类Cluster
C1	65.7±2.1	15.7±0.6	47.3±4.5	1	C18	60.7±0.6	21.3±2.5	45.7±5.0	1
C2	67.0±4.4	15.7±1.2	38.3±3.2	1	C19	41.7±1.5	21.3±3.5	16.3±2.1	2
C3	61.7±2.1	13.0±5.6	33.3±12.9	1	C20	63.7±1.5	21.3±2.5	50.7±2.3	1
C4	63.3±3.2	15.3±2.1	40.7±6.7	1	C21	53.0±1.7	22.7±3.1	25.3±3.1	2
C5	53.3±3.1	23.3±1.5	48.7±2.5	1	C22	52.7±3.2	18.3±2.3	34.0±2.6	1
C6	52.0±2.6	32.0±3.5	50.7±4.6	1	C23	53.3±1.5	14.0±4.0	30.7±5.9	1
C7	63.7±2.1	18.7±3.8	28.0±1.0	1	C24	51.0±2.6	19.3±1.5	45.0±2.6	1
C8	52.7±1.5	20.3±2.1	43.3±3.1	1	C25	31.0±4.0	15.3±1.5	18.3±0.0	2
C9	54.3±3.1	16.7±2.9	40.0±8.9	1	C26	32.7±2.5	23.0±3.6	18.3±2.5	2
C10	63.0±3.6	15.3±2.5	46.3±2.1	1	C27	41.0±2.6	26.0±1.7	26.3±3.8	2
C11	55.7±1.5	23.3±2.5	39.3±3.5	1	C28	58.7±3.1	15.3±1.5	46.3±2.5	1
C12	55.3±3.2	27.7±1.5	49.0±2.0	1	C29	50.0±2.0	19.0±1.7	34.3±4.0	1
C13	53.7±1.5	12.3±1.5	33.0±3.0	1	C30	59.0±1.0	17.7±2.5	43.0±1.7	1
C14	62.0±1.0	18.3±4.7	45.3±10.8	1	C31	60.0±1.0	19.0±2.6	46.3±5.8	1
C15	54.3±2.1	15.7±1.2	35.3±2.1	1	C32	33.7±2.3	24.7±2.3	24.7±2.3	2
C16	28.7±0.6	13.7±1.5	2.7±4.2	3	C33	32.0±2.6	17.0±1.7	24.3±1.5	2
C17	53.3±1.5	20.7±3.1	36.7±3.2	1	C34	14.0±1.7	4.3±1.2	1.0±0.0	3
C35	55.7±2.3	17.7±2.5	35.7±1.5	1	C54	63.7±1.2	14.7±0.6	54.7±1.5	1
C36	56.0±3.0	16.7±1.5	46.3±3.5	1	C55	46.3±3.5	29.3±1.5	46.7±2.9	1
C37	58.3±2.1	19.0±1.0	52.0±2.6	1	C56	47.7±0.6	27.7±1.5	41.3±2.1	1
C38	64.7±1.5	16.3±4.6	42.3±3.5	1	C57	70.7±1.5	20.3±1.5	45.3±3.5	1
C39	17.7±2.1	7.3±3.8	-0.7±0.6	3	C58	47.7±2.5	27.3±2.5	32.7±4.0	2
C40	40.0±1.0	21.0±2.0	18.0±4.0	2	C59	71.3±2.1	1.3±0.6	33.3±1.5	1
C41	53.3±2.1	21.7±3.8	36.0±3.0	1	C60	42.0±4.6	19.0±2.6	27.3±5.5	2
C42	40.7±4.2	23.7±2.9	25.7±0.6	2	C61	40.3±4.9	17.0±1.0	22.0±3.6	2
C43	58.0±1.0	20.7±2.5	40.7±3.8	1	C62	54.0±0.0	16.3±4.0	14.0±4.6	2
C44	57.3±1.5	15.3±1.2	47.3±5.0	1	C63	66.0±5.0	11.0±0.0	45.3±1.5	1
C45	39.7±2.9	17.7±2.1	22.7±2.1	2	C64	69.3±3.2	10.0±2.6	31.7±1.5	1
C46	40.0±2.0	19.0±3.0	24.3±1.2	2	C65	67.0±2.6	10.7±3.8	35.0±2.6	1
C47	38.0±1.7	23.3±2.1	23.0±3.6	2	C66	41.7±2.1	29.3±1.5	34.3±4.5	2
C48	57.0±1.0	19.7±4.0	46.0±3.6	1	C67	56.0±3.0	18.0±3.0	38.0±4.6	1
C49	24.7±2.5	15.0±3.0	2.3±3.1	3	C68	62.7±2.1	11.3±0.6	36.0±1.0	1
C50	39.3±4.5	17.3±2.5	29.7±3.1	2	C69	32.7±3.5	13.0±3.0	11.0±3.5	3
C51	45.7±2.5	31.0±2.0	45.0±3.0	1	最大值Max.	71.3	32.0	54.7
C52	64.3±4.2	12.0±4.4	36.3±5.1	1	最小值Min.	14.0	1.3	-0.7
C53	50.3±1.5	18.3±1.5	33.3±2.5	1	变异系数CV (%)	25.4	31.7	38.6

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

表3

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指标Index	TS	SC	DF	PC	AA	Mg	K	Ca	Fe	VB₁	VB₂	TF
L^*	-0.323^**	-0.202	-0.038	-0.204	0.091	-0.304^*	-0.136	-0.339^**	-0.175	-0.021	-0.141	0.177
a^*	0.155	-0.083	0.106	-0.183	-0.111	-0.208	-0.142	-0.064	-0.034	0.001	-0.054	-0.166
b^*	-0.152	-0.261^*	-0.063	-0.212	0.076	-0.322^**	-0.086	-0.273^*	-0.057	-0.069	-0.152	0.095

指标 Index	黑红色穇子Black-red finger millet					三大主粮营养成分^[3] The nutrients of three main crops
指标 Index	C16	C34	C39	C49	C69	稻米Rice	小麦Wheat	玉米Maize
TS (g/100g)	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.5	－	－	－
SC (g/100g)	48.6	71.7	71.2	57.7	64.5	77.2	64.0	62.3
DF (g/100g)	9.8	11.5	11.8	10.9	11.4	3.7	12.1	12.8
PC (g/100g)	3.8	6.7	5.1	5.1	5.5	7.5	14.4	12.1
AA (g/100g)	6.5	3.3	6.9	3.4	3.4	－	－	－
Mg (mg/100g)	167.0	167.0	165.0	164.0	163.0	32.0	120.0	0.2
K (mg/100g)	598.0	674.0	605.0	552.0	487.0	130.0	363.0	270.0
Ca (mg/100g)	404.0	271.0	443.0	376.0	396.0	10.0	41.0	10.0
Fe (mg/100g)	3.0	3.31	2.66	2.7	2.9	0.5	3.9	3.9
VB₁ (mg/100g)	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.2
VB₂ (mg/100g)	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0	5.5	0.1
TF (mg/100g)	184.0	165.0	172.0	168.0	201.0	323.0	－	－