作物杂志,2025, 第3期: 11–15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.002

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海省油菜种业发展现状与对策建议

金萍1,2(), 柳海东1,2()   

  1. 1青海大学农林科学院春油菜研究所,810016,青海西宁
    2青海省春油菜遗传改良重点实验室/青藏高原种质资源保护与利用实验室,810016,青海西宁
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-12 修回日期:2024-04-25 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-03
  • 通讯作者: 柳海东,主要从事春油菜遗传育种研究,E-mail:dahaima@163.com
  • 作者简介:金萍,主要从事农业科技管理研究,E-mail:qhdxjp@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省帅才科学家负责制项目(2022-NK-170)

Development Status and Countermeasures of Rapeseed Seed Industry Development in Qinghai Province

Jin Ping1,2(), Liu Haidong1,2()   

  1. 1Institute of Spring Rapeseed of Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
    2Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province / Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2024-03-12 Revised:2024-04-25 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-06-03

摘要:

种业是农业的“芯片”,是建设现代农业的标志性、先导性工程,也是国家战略性、基础性产业。油菜作为青海省第一大油料作物,对青海省粮油安全保障具有举足轻重的作用,已成为青海省经济发展的支柱产业和农民增收的重要渠道。本文从青海省油菜种业发展现状为切入点,分析存在的主要问题,提出了科技助力青海油菜种业提质增效的对策建议。

关键词: 青海省, 油菜种业, 发展现状, 对策建议

Abstract:

Seed industry is the “chip” of agriculture, a landmark and leading project in the construction of modern agriculture, and also a strategic and foundational industry for country. As the largest oil crop in Qinghai Province, rapeseed plays a crucial role in the security of grain and oil in Qinghai Province. It has become a pillar industry for economic development of Qinghai Province and an important channel for farmers to increase their income. Based on the current development situation of rapeseed seed industry development in Qinghai Province, we analyze the main problems and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the quality and efficiency of rapeseed seed industry in Qinghai Province.

Key words: Qinghai Province, Rapeseed seed industry, Development status, Countermeasures and suggestions

表1

油菜特异性状QTL(基因)定位信息

性状
Trait
QTL(基因)
QTL (gene)
染色体
Chromosome
紧密连锁标记
Closely linked marker
定位群体
Mapping population
参考文献
Reference
早熟Early mature FQ2 A6 (465×86)DH [5]
cqDTFA7a A7 S010, G1804 (No.5246×No.4512)DH [6-7]
cqDTFC8(BnCRY) C8 SNP11, SNP12 [6-7]
cqDTFC2a C2 [6-7]
黄籽Yellow seed Brsc1(BrTT1) A9 BrA10, BrID10685 (Dahuang×09A-126)BC4 [8-9]
角果多室Multilocular Bjln1(BjuA07.CLV1) A7 ln11, ln13 (Duoshi×Tayou2)BC3F5 [10-11]
Bjln2(BjuB07.CLV1) B7 11-46, 11-52 (Duoshi×Xinjie)BC4 [12]
有限花序Determinate inflorescence Bnsdt1 A10 10359 2014×4769 BC [13]
Bnsdt2 C9 C09-45, C09-2 2982×4769 BC [14]
叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content cqSPDA2 A2 SSR2, Indel15 (ZS11×QU)BC4F2 [15]
籽粒密度Grain density cqSD-A9a A9 A09SSR71, A09SSR92 (935×3641)DH [16]
橘红花色Orange petal BnaA09.ZEP A09 BnA09-48, 2-Indel-91 (X1189×R258)BC5 [17]
BnaC09.ZEP C09 Indel-3, BnC09-202 [18]

表2

青杂系列更新换代代表性品种信息

编号
Number
品种
Variety
审定(登记)号
Approval (registration)
number
芥酸含量
Erucic acid
content (%)
硫甙含量
Glucoside
content (μmol/g)
含油量
Oil content
(%)
比对照增产
Increase production
over control (%)
海拔
Altitude
(m)
生育期
Growth
period (d)
1 青杂1号 青种合字第0104号 0.57 28.95 42.43 16.10(对照:青油14) 2600 140
2 青杂2号 国审油2003020 0.65 27.80 45.20 13.20(对照:青杂1号) 2600 140
3 青杂3号 国审油2003019 0.75 20.76 41.45 45.17(对照:青油241) 2800 125
4 青杂4号 青种合字第0207号 0.73 30.60 45.15 32.62(对照:浩油11) 2900 120
5 青杂5号 国审油2006001 0.25 18.56 45.23 8.45(对照:青杂1号) 2600 142
6 青杂7号 国审油2011030 0.40 19.25 48.18 9.20(对照:青杂3号) 2800 128
7 青杂12号 青审油2016001 0.16 19.05 48.90 6.90(对照:青杂3号) 2600 142
8 青杂15号 GPD油菜(2019)630030 未检出 29.96 44.16 9.73(对照:青杂3号) 2600 140
9 青杂有限1号 GPD油菜(2022)630390 0.03 24.13 43.12 7.46(对照:青杂7号) 2900 130
[1] 田正科. 青海春油菜的振兴:田正科油菜论文选. 西宁: 青海人民出版社, 2006.
[2] 罗玉秀, 杜德志. 青海大黄油菜主要农艺性状研究. 西北农业学报, 2007, 16(1):136-139.
[3] 赵洪朝, 杜德志, 刘青元, 等. 芥菜型多室油菜的主要性状表现. 西北农业学报, 2003, 12(3):62-64.
[4] 李开祥, 陈翠萍, 贾永鹏, 等. 甘蓝型油菜有限花序对农艺性状的影响初探. 西北农业学报, 2021, 30(5):689-697.
[5] Luo Y X, Luo C Y, Du D Z, et al. Quantitative trait analysis of flowering time in spring rapeseed (B.napus L.). Euphytica, 2014,200:321-335.
[6] Liu H, Du D, Guo S, et al. QTL analysis and the development of closely linked markers for days to flowering in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Molecular Breeding, 2016, 36(5):52.
[7] Tang J, Liu H D, Quan Y J, et al. Fine mapping and causal gene identification of a novel QTL for early flowering by QTL-seq, Target-seq and RNA-seq in spring oilseed rape. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2023, 136(4):80.
doi: 10.1007/s00122-023-04310-4 pmid: 36952057
[8] Xiao L, Zhao Z, Du D Z, et al. Genetic characterization and fine mapping of a yellow-seeded gene in Dahuang (a Brassica rapa landrace). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2012, 124(5):903-909.
doi: 10.1007/s00122-011-1754-x pmid: 22120455
[9] Wang Y H, Xiao L, Guo S M, et al. Fine mapping and whole- genome resequencing identify the seed coat color gene in Brassica rapa. PLoS ONE, 2016, 11(11):e0166464.
[10] Xiao L, Li X, Liu F, et al. Mutations in the CDS and promoter of BjuA07.CLV1 cause a multilocular trait in Brassica juncea. Scientific Reports, 2018,8:5339.
[11] Xiao L, Zhao H Y, Zhao Z, et al. Genetic and physical fine mapping of a multilocular gene Bjln1 in Brassica juncea to a 208-kb region. Molecular Breeding, 2013,32:373-383.
[12] Chen C P, Xiao L, Li X, et al. Comparative mapping combined with map-based cloning of the Brassica juncea genome reveals a candidate gene for multilocular rapeseed. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018,9:1744.
[13] Li K X, Yao Y M, Xiao L, et al. Fine mapping of the Brassica napus Bnsdt1gene associated with determinate growth habit. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2018, 131(1):193-208.
[14] Li K X, Xu L, Jia Y P, et al. A novel locus (Bnsdt2) in a TFL1 homologue sustaining determinate growth in Brassica napus. BMC Plant Biology, 2021, 21(1):568.
[15] Ye J, Liu H, Zhao Z, et al. Fine mapping of the QTL cqSPDA2 for chlorophyll content in Brassica napus L. BMC Plant Biology, 2020, 20(1):511.
[16] Xin X R, Liu H D, Ye J X, et al. QTL analysis and candidate gene prediction for seed density per silique by QTL-seq and RNA-seq in spring Brassica napus L. PLoS ONE, 2023, 18(3):e0281875.
[17] Solangi Z A, Zhang Y N, Li K X, et al. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of the orange petal colour gene Bnpc2 in spring rapeseed (Brassica napus). Plant Breeding, 2021, 140(2):294-304.
[18] Yao Y M, Li K X, Liu H D, et al. Whole-genome re-sequencing and fine mapping of an orange petal color gene (Bnpc1) in spring Brassica napus L. to a 151-kb region. Euphytica, 2017, 213(8):165.
[19] 李秀萍, 杜德志, 唐国永. 甘蓝型油菜双低杂交种青杂1号(青油331). 作物杂志, 2000(6):21.
[20] 余鸿雁. 甘蓝型春油菜杂交种青杂2号优质高产栽培技术. 青海农技推广, 2003(4):33-35.
[21] 杜德志, 刘青元, 李秀萍, 等. 特早熟甘蓝型双低油菜杂交种青杂3号的选育. 中国油料作物学报, 2004, 26(1):67-69.
[22] 唐国永. 双低甘蓝型杂交油菜青杂4号的特征特性及栽培技术. 作物杂志, 2006(3):43-44,71.
[23] 宋月奎. 高产优质杂交油菜新品种青杂5号的栽培性状研究. 农技服务, 2008(7):24.
[24] 王瑞生, 杜德志, 唐国永, 等. 杂交油菜新品种青杂5号高产栽培模式研究. 甘肃农业科技, 2009(7):28-30.
[25] 徐亮, 星晓蓉, 赵志, 等. 特早熟春油菜品种青杂7号的选育. 中国种业, 2011(8):66-67.
[26] 徐亮, 林建荣, 杜德志. 春油菜新品种青杂12号的选育. 中国种业, 2019(7):75-77.
[27] 徐亮, 李开祥, 赵志, 等. 高产优质适宜机收春油菜新品种青杂15号的选育. 种子, 2020, 39(1):115-116,168.
[28] 杜德志, 肖麓, 赵志, 等. 我国春油菜遗传育种研究进展. 中国油料作物学报, 2018, 40(5):633-639.
doi: 10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2018.05.004
[29] 姚琳, 孙璇, 咸拴狮, 等. 油菜多功能利用及发展前景. 粮食与油脂, 2020, 33(11):32-35.
[30] 何晓莹, 吴郁青, 俎峰, 等. 油菜多功能开发利用助力乡村振兴的探索与实践. 湖北农业科学, 2021, 60(增2):442-446.
[1] 李红琴, 刘宝龙, 张波, 张怀刚. 青海省审定小麦品种SSR遗传多样性分析及分子身份证的建立[J]. 作物杂志, 2020, (3): 60–65
[2] 翁华, 魏有海, 郭良芝, 郭青云. 青海省春麦田杂草种类组成及群落特征[J]. 作物杂志, 2013, (3): 116–120
[3] 谢德庆. 优质中筋旱地春小麦新品种——青春41[J]. 作物杂志, 2012, (1): 151–151
[4] 任又成. 高β-葡聚糖青稞新品种昆仑13号的选育及特征特性[J]. 作物杂志, 2010, (2): 113–113
[5] 杨有仓. 马铃薯新品种民薯2号特征特性及栽培技术[J]. 作物杂志, 2010, (2): 125–126
[6] 申海峰. 高寒山地马铃薯青薯9号M0代种薯特征特性及高产栽培技术[J]. 作物杂志, 2009, (1): 117–117
[7] 赵洪礼. 青海柴达木盆地草原23号豌豆丰产栽培技术[J]. 作物杂志, 2007, (4): 107–107
[8] 王海梅. 马铃薯新品种阿尔法的特征特性及栽培技术[J]. 作物杂志, 2007, (1): 57–58
[9] 王显萍, 任有成. 青海省冷凉灌区青稞高产栽培技术[J]. 作物杂志, 2006, (6): 49–50
[10] 任有成, 王显萍. 高β-葡聚糖青稞新品种昆仑12号的选育及其特征特性[J]. 作物杂志, 2006, (4): 43–43
[11] 唐国永. 双低甘蓝型杂交油菜青杂4号的特征特性及栽培技术[J]. 作物杂志, 2006, (3): 43–44
[12] 马麟, 程明发, 张海晖, 苏有志. 春小麦新品种通麦1号[J]. 作物杂志, 2005, (3): 73–73
[13] 王显萍, 马晓岗, 任有成, 等. 青海省裸燕麦高产栽培技术[J]. 作物杂志, 2005, (2): 51–51
[14] 马晓刚, 任有成, 王显萍. 发展燕麦生产在青海经济和生态建设中的作用[J]. 作物杂志, 2004, (5): 9–11
[15] 胡冬梅. 豌豆新品种青豌豆1号[J]. 作物杂志, 2004, (4): 27–27
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!