Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 129-134.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.05.022

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Effects of Organic Materials Returning on Enzyme Activities and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Content in Wheat Field under Nitrogen-Reducing Conditions

Li Chunxi1,Li Sisi1,Shao Yun1,Ma Shouchen2,Liu Qing1,Weng Zhengpeng1,Li Xiaobo1   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
    2 School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
  • Received:2019-03-01 Revised:2019-07-05 Online:2019-10-15 Published:2019-11-07

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Abstract:

Based on the field experiment, the effects of different organic materials returning on soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients in wheat were studied. Four models were designed: single application of nitrogen (CK, N 270kg/hm 2),straw returning (J, N 216kg/hm 2), straw and cow dung (JF, N 216kg/hm 2), straw and mushroom dregs (JZ, N 216kg/hm 2),0-60cm soil layer on wheat field urease, invertase activity and soil organic matter and total nitrogen content were studied. The results showed that the urease activity was the highest in the jointing stage at 0-20cm, and the urease activity was the highest in the jointing stage and flowering stage in the treatment of 20-40cm soil layer straw returning and mushroom dregs (JZ). In 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers, the invertase activity of straw and cow dung (JF) treatment was significantly higher than CK treatment at jointing stage. Except for J treatment, other treatments in the 0-20cm the organic matter content layer was the highest at jointing stage, and JF treatment was the highest, followed by JZ and J treatment, CK treatment was the lowest; the total nitrogen content of JF treatment was the highest in the 0-20cm soil layer, and it was significantly higher than CK. The return of organic materials to soil could effectively increase soil urease activity, invertase activity, the content of organic matter and total nitrogen. Soil urease, invertase activity and organic matter and total nitrogen content were significantly positively correlated. In summary, organic materials returning to the field under reduced nitrogen applications can improve soil quality.

Key words: Wheat field, Organic materials, Soil nutrients, Enzyme activity

Table 1

Soil nutrient characteristics (0-60cm)"

土层(cm)
Soil depth		 全氮(g/kg)
Total N		 有机碳(g/kg)
Organic carbon		 速效氮(mg/kg)
Available N		 速效磷(mg/kg)
Available P		 速效钾(mg/kg)
Available K		 pH
0~20 0.94 10 44 22 283 8.06
20~40 0.59 6 29 16 163 8.10
40~60 0.41 5 19 8 126 8.01

Fig.1

Changes of urease activities in different soil layers of wheat at different growth stages"

Fig.2

Changes of invertase activities in different soil layers of wheat at different growth stages"

Table 2

Variance analysis of soil organic carbon content in different soil layers at different growth stages g/kg"

处理
Treatment		 苗期Seedling stage 拔节期Jointing stage 开花期Flowering stage 成熟期Mature stage
0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm 0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm 0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm 0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm
CK 25.1d 22.1b 19.1ab 36.2b 22.8c 19.5a 32.6b 23.7d 17.7c 26.5d 22.6d 17.6c
J 30.1c 26.9a 18.5b 35.8b 29.9ab 20.4a 35.9ab 29.5b 19.7b 30.1c 26.7b 19.4b
JZ 32.2b 27.3a 19.6a 36.3b 27.1b 21.2a 35.9ab 26.7c 20.8ab 34.5b 25.3c 19.7ab
JF 34.5a 29.9a 19.6a 40.9a 33.6a 21.9a 37.9a 32.5a 21.1a 36.5a 28.3a 20.4a

Table 3

Variance analysis of soil total nitrogen contents in different soil layers at different growth stages g/kg"

处理Treatment 苗期Seedling stage 拔节期Jointing stage 开花期Flowering stage 成熟期Mature stage
0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm 0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm 0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm 0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm
CK 0.88b 0.41c 0.33b 1.27c 0.79b 0.56b 1.24b 0.55c 0.42b 0.92c 0.55b 0.39b
J 0.94b 0.57b 0.34b 1.43b 0.82b 0.58b 1.22b 0.66bc 0.45b 1.00b 0.58ab 0.43ab
JZ 1.08ab 0.66ab 0.35b 1.76a 0.83b 0.61b 1.41b 0.84ab 0.51b 1.06b 0.59ab 0.43ab
JF 1.34a 0.74a 0.51a 1.87a 0.90a 0.70a 1.80a 0.97a 0.64a 1.35a 0.65a 0.45a

Table 4

Correlation between soil nutrient and enzyme activity"

指标
Index		 脲酶活性
Urease activity		 蔗糖酶活性
Invertase activity		 有机碳含量
Organic carbon content		 全氮含量
Total nitrogen content
脲酶活性Urease activity 1
蔗糖酶活性Invertase activity 0.905** 1
有机碳含量Organic carbon content 0.904** 0.846** 1
全氮含量Total nitrogen content 0.929** 0.930** 0.886** 1
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