Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 143-150.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.05.024

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Effects of Wheat-Maize Double Crops Rotational Tillage on Soil Characteristics and Crop Yield in Hebei Plain

Chen Li1,Zhang Luxin2,Wu Feng1,Li Zhen1,Long Xingzhou1,Yang Yurui1,Yin Baozhong2   

  1. 1 Hebei Xingtai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingtai 054000, Hebei, China
    2 College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
  • Received:2019-03-06 Revised:2019-06-20 Online:2019-10-15 Published:2019-11-07
  • Contact: Xingzhou Long

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Abstract:

In the double cropping growing season of winter wheat-summer maize from 2016 to 2017, four rotation tillage treatments were established. Setting wheat season subsoiling+maize season no-tillage (S-N), wheat season rotary tillage+maize season subsoiling (R-S), wheat season subsoiling+maize season subsoiling (S-S), and conventional tillage mode wheat season rotary tillage+maize season no-tillage (R-N) as the control. Soil physiology, microorganism characteristics, water and heat conditions, soil water use efficiency and grain yield of grain fields under different rotation modes were studied in Nanhe, central Hebei Plain. The results showed that: compared with before the sowing of wheat, the non-capillary porosity of R-S and S-S treatments increased significantly, and the avarage soil thickness of 0-15 and 15-30cm increased by 15.2% and 18.0%, respectively. R-N treatment 0-15 and 15-30cm soil layer non-capillary porosity ratio decreased by 11.3% and 7.3% before wheat sowing. Soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT) and urease (UU) activities were significantly increased by single-season or double-season subsoiling, especially by R-S and S-S treatments. Single season subsoiling or two season subsoiling could significantly increase the number of SMBC and active microorganisms, with an average increase of 6.3% and 20.6% in 0-30cm soil layer, respectively. The annual average soil respiration was increased by 12.4% and the variation of soil respiration rate was increased by two-season subsoiling rotation. Under different rotation tillage measures, the annual average soil temperature had little effect, but deep-loosening could increase the annual temperature variation of wheat fields. The water use efficiency (WUE) could also be promoted by single-season subsoiling or two-season subsoiling rotation. The annual crop yield could also be significantly increased by two-season subsoiling, with an average increase of 8.62%. The main conclusions are as follows: subsoiling can significantly improve soil physical properties, increase soil key enzyme activity and respiration rate, expand daily variation of soil temperature, and optimize soil microbial environment. Soil subsoiling can also significantly increase maize yield, of which two-season subsoiling treatment has the greatest yield increase.

Key words: Hebei Plain, Wheat-maize double cropping per year, Rotation mode, Soil property, Yield

Table 1

Effects of different rotational tillage pattern on soil non-capillary porosity and soil dispersion coefficient %"

土层
Soil depth (cm)		 处理
Treatment		 非毛管孔隙度Non-capillary porosity 土壤分散系数Soil dispersion coefficient
小麦播前
Before the
sowing of wheat		 小麦拔节
Wheat
jointing		 玉米抽雄
Maize
tasseling		 玉米收获
Maize
harvest		 小麦播前
Before the
sowing of wheat		 小麦拔节
Wheat
jointing		 玉米抽雄
Maize
tasseling		 玉米收获
Maize
harvest
0~15 R-N 11.5a 10.3b 9.2a 10.2b 10.6a 6.1a 5.8a 9.2a
S-N 11.3a 11.6a 9.1a 11.1b 10.1a 6.9a 4.3b 6.3b
R-S 11.6a 10.4b 9.3a 13.2a 10.3a 6.2a 4.1b 6.3b
S-S 11.5a 11.6a 9.5a 13.4a 10.4a 6.7a 3.9b 5.5c
15~30 R-N 10.9a 10.4b 5.2b 10.1c 9.6a 11.6a 7.1a 9.2a
S-N 11.1a 12.5a 11.9a 11.3b 9.4a 8.2b 5.8b 6.3b
R-S 10.8a 10.7b 5.3b 12.2b 9.5a 11.8a 5.1b 5.3c
S-S 10.9a 12.9a 12.1a 13.4a 9.4a 8.2b 4.8b 5.2c
30~50 R-N 9.5a 6.1d 2.6b 2.9b 9.1a 10.6a 13.9a 7.1a
S-N 9.5a 7.6c 3.5a 3.8a 9.2a 7.6b 11.1b 6.1b
R-S 9.6a 9.2b 2.4b 3.9a 9.2a 10.6a 11.2b 5.9b
S-S 9.4a 10.1a 3.6a 4.1a 8.9a 7.2b 9.1c 4.3c

Table 2

Effects of different rotational tillage pattern on the soil key enzyme activities"

项目
Item		 生育阶段
Growth stage		 0~15cm 15~30cm
R-N S-N R-S S-S R-N S-N R-S S-S
脲酶 小麦播前Before the sowing of wheat 0.22a 0.23a 0.23a 0.25a 0.18a 0.13ab 0.16ab 0.14ab
Urease [mg/(g·24h)] 小麦拔节Wheat jointing 0.25a 0.28a 0.27a 0.27a 0.39b 0.51a 0.37b 0.50a
玉米抽雄Maize tasseling 0.20c 0.26b 0.30a 0.30a 0.24c 0.37a 0.31a 0.32a
玉米收获Maize harvest 0.19c 0.24ab 0.28a 0.29a 0.18a 0.15ab 0.22a 0.19a
CAT [mL/(g·h)] 小麦播前Before the sowing of wheat 2.23a 2.35a 2.16a 2.13a 2.92a 3.01a 3.01a 2.79ab
小麦拔节Wheat jointing 2.49c 2.65b 2.47c 3.58a 3.12b 4.32a 3.09b 4.11a
玉米抽雄Maize tasseling 2.29c 4.14a 2.90b 3.99a 2.88c 3.94a 2.89c 3.55b
玉米收获Maize harvest 2.26b 2.59a 2.49a 2.51a 3.01b 3.21a 3.19a 2.99b
ALP [g/(kg)] 小麦播前Before the sowing of wheat 24.55ab 26.32a 26.04a 25.76ab 31.52ab 32.52ab 32.14ab 33.08a
小麦拔节Wheat jointing 27.39b 28.97b 25.97c 39.41a 35.64b 40.62a 36.01b 41.13a
玉米抽雄Maize tasseling 28.37d 37.16b 33.11c 42.33a 40.31b 45.31a 39.87b 45.92a
玉米收获Maize harvest 25.09c 28.37a 28.26a 27.31ab 31.34c 33.97b 35.44a 35.69a
PPO [μg/g·min] 小麦播前Before the sowing of wheat 0.39a 0.41a 0.39a 0.38a 0.75ab 0.76ab 0.78ab 0.83a
小麦拔节Wheat jointing 0.45b 0.50a 0.46b 0.60a 0.85b 0.94a 0.88b 1.03a
玉米抽雄Maize tasseling 0.44c 0.57b 0.66a 0.63a 0.91c 1.15b 1.10b 1.32a
玉米收获Maize harvest 0.40b 0.52a 0.50a 0.49a 0.76b 0.88a 0.88a 0.91a

Table 3

Effects of different rotational tillage pattern on SMBC content and active microbial biomass"

项目
Item		 生育阶段
Growth stage		 0~15cm 15~30cm
R-N S-N R-S S-S R-N S-N R-S S-S
SMBC含量(mg/kg) 小麦播前Before the sowing of wheat 158.20a 154.32a 156.30a 155.90a 105.61a 102.30a 105.46a 104.31a
SMBC content 小麦拔节Wheat jointing 166.21b 164.32b 170.12a 173.24a 171.21b 181.21a 171.67b 188.32a
玉米抽雄Maize tasseling 175.34c 192.34b 204.60ab 215.60a 185.34d 200.14c 214.69b 229.64a
玉米收获Maize harvest 158.60a 165.08a 163.97a 163.20a 103.22b 106.89ab 108.90a 109.20a
活跃微生物量(mg/kg) 小麦播前Before the sowing of wheat 25.32a 25.61a 25.48a 26.03a 5.39c 5.36c 6.04b 16.11a
Number of active microorganisms 小麦拔节Wheat jointing 95.37b 100.12a 98.74a 97.63a 44.15b 69.74a 65.16a 64.32a
玉米抽雄Maize tasseling 106.91c 117.11b 125.40a 129.10a 64.15c 85.67b 91.11a 98.12a
玉米收获Maize harvest 25.31b 30.11a 31.67a 30.85a 20.16b 30.14a 30.04a 29.61a

Fig.1

Soil respiration rate and temperature in different rotational tillage pattern Fig.(a) and (c) are soil respiration rate dynamics and change amplitude, respectively; Fig.(b) and (d) are soil temperature dynamics and change amplitude at 10cm, respectively"

Table 4

Effects of different rotational tillage patterns on soil water characteristics of farmland"

处理
Treatment		 总耗水量(mm)
Total water
consumption		 耗水量(mm)
Water consumption		 0~200cm土体储水变化(mm)
Water storage in
0~200cm soil mass		 产量Yield (kg/hm2) WUE
(kg/kg)
0~60mm 60~120mm 120~200mm 小麦Wheat 玉米Maize 周年Anniversary
R-N 814.3a 32.1a 20.3a 17.9a -61.2 7 507.0b 8 712.6b 16 219.6b 20.13c
S-N 781.9b 13.6b 15.8b 8.5c -37.9 8 155.1a 8 887.2b 17 042.3a 22.23ab
R-S 790.3b 16.2b 19.1ab 11.0b -46.3 7 596.3b 9 697.1a 17 293.4a 21.15b
S-S 767.9c 6.9c 12.1c 5.0d -23.9 8 170.4a 9 471.3a 17 641.7a 23.13a
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