Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 135-142.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.05.023

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Interaction of Film Mulching and Nitrogen Application on Yield, Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sorghum

Liang Xiaohong,Zhang Ruidong,Huang Minjia,Liu Jing,Cao Xiong   

  1. Institute of Economic Crops, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fenyang 032200, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2019-03-17 Revised:2019-07-26 Online:2019-10-15 Published:2019-11-07
  • Contact: Xiong Cao

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Abstract:

The purpose of our study was to explore the water and nitrogen use efficiency of mechanized sorghum under film mulching on dry land. A field experiment using Jinza No.34 and Jinza No.35 as testing materials was carried out from 2015 to 2016 to study the effects of two cultivation measures (B1: un-mulched and B2: film mulching) and three nitrogen levels (C1: 0kg/hm 2, C2: 225kg/hm 2, C3: 450kg/hm 2) on soil water storage of different soil depths during the different growth periods, yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of sorghum. The results showed that film mulching effectively improved 0-60cm soil layer water storage at different growth periods of sorghum, but there was no difference among three nitrogen levels in 0-60cm soil layer water storage. Compared to the un-mulched treatments, the grain yield was increased by 11.63% in film mulching treatments. It was increased 12.03% in 2015 and 11.17% in 2016. There was no significant difference in yield between different nitrogen levels and the interplay of nitrogen levels×varieties, nitrogen levels×film mulch method. But film mulching could effectively improve the utilization ratio of the nitrogen, the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity of the treatments of N application of 225kg/hm 2 with film mulching were significantly higher than that of the other treatments. The water use efficiency (WUE) and precipitation production efficiency in the dry year were significantly higher than that in the wet year. Compared to the un-mulched treatments, the film mulching treatment increased WUE by 15.93% in 2015 and 12.21% in 2016, respectively. The WUE of the treatments of N fertilizer application rate of 225kg/hm 2 with film mulching was the highest for Jinza No.34 and Jinza No.35 in two years, and it had a better effect in the dry year with the WUE of 37.01kg/(mm?hm 2) and the yield increased by 19.076% for Jinza No.34, the WUE of 31.72kg/(mm?hm 2) and the yield increased by 38.286% for Jinza No.35. In conclusion, under the same experimental conditions, N fertilizer application rate of 225kg/ha with film mulching is the best combination of high yield and high water and nitrogen use efficiency for Jinza No.34 and Jinza No.35.

Key words: Film mulching, Nitrogen application, Sorghum, Yield, Water and nitrogen use efficiency

Table 1

Treatments of experiment"

品种
Variety		 覆膜方式
Film mulch method		 施氮量
N application		 处理组合
Treatment combination		 品种
Variety		 覆膜方式
Film mulch method		 施氮量
N application		 处理组合
Treatment combination
A1 B1 C1 A1B1C1 A2 B1 C1 A2B1C1
C2 A1B1C2 C2 A2B1C2
C3 A1B1C3 C3 A2B1C3
B2 C1 A1B2C1 B2 C1 A2B2C1
C2 A1B2C2 C2 A2B2C2
C3 A1B2C3 C3 A2B2C3

Fig.1

Precipitation at experiment station of sorghum growth period in 2015"

Fig.2

Precipitation at experiment station of sorghum growth period in 2016"

Fig.3

Dynamical changes of soil water storage in 0-60cm soil layer of Jinza No.34"

Fig.4

Dynamical changes of soil water storage in 0-60cm soil layer of Jinza No.35"

Table 2

Yield comparison under single factor of variety, film mulching and N application kg/hm2"

品种Variety 产量Yield 覆膜方式Film mulch method 产量Yield 施氮量N application 产量Yield
A1 6 726.23a B1 5 991.80b C1 6 157.15a
A2 5 954.33b B2 6 688.75a C2 6 546.48a
C3 6 317.21a

Table 3

Yield comparison under the interaction of variety, film mulching and N application kg/hm2"

品种×覆膜方式
Variety×Film
mulch method		 产量
Yield		 品种×施氮量
Variety×
N application		 产量
Yield		 覆膜方式×施氮量
Film mulch method×
N application		 产量
Yield		 品种×覆膜方式×施氮量
Variety×Film mulch method×N application		 产量
Yield		 品种×覆膜方式×施氮量
Variety×Film mulch method×N application		 产量
Yield
A1B1 6 477.88a A1C1 6 528.79a B1C1 5 884.20a A1B1C1 6 335.10abcde A2B1C1 5 433.30e
A1B2 6 974.58a A1C2 6 887.44a B1C2 6 017.11a A1B1C2 6 513.38abcd A2B1C2 5 520.85de
A2B1 5 505.73a A1C3 6 762.45a B1C3 6 074.10a A1B1C3 6 585.15abc A2B1C3 5 563.05cde
A2B2 6 402.93a A2C1 5 785.50a B2C1 6 430.09a A1B2C1 6 722.48ab A2B2C1 6 137.70bcde
A2C2 6 205.51a B2C2 7 075.84a A1B2C2 7 261.50a A2B2C2 6 890.18ab
A2C3 5 871.98a B2C3 6 560.33a A1B2C3 6 939.75ab A2B2C3 6 180.90bcde

Table 4

Effects of different treatments on yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency of sorghum in different years"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 耗水量
Water consumption (mm)		 水分利用效率
WUE [kg/(hm2·mm)]		 生育期降水生产效率
Production efficiency of precipitation
in growth stage [kg/(hm2·mm)]		 年降水生产效率
Production efficiency of annual
precipitation [kg/(hm2·mm)]		 氮肥偏生产力
NFPP (kg/kg)
2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 两年平均值Two year average value
A1B1C1 7 076.85bc 5 593.35bcd 232.03abc 590.28a 30.51cd 9.47cd 33.59b 10.83bcd 21.29bc 8.47bcd -
A1B2C1 7 497.15ab 5 947.80abcd 228.23bc 583.57a 32.91abc 10.19abc 35.58ab 11.51abcd 22.56ab 9.01abcd -
A1B1C2 7 246.65b 5 780.10abcd 233.25abc 592.30a 31.09bcd 9.76bcd 34.39b 11.19abcd 21.80b 8.76abcd 28.95b
A1B2C2 8 277.45a 6 245.55ab 223.74c 585.38a 37.01a 10.67abc 39.29a 12.08ab 24.90a 9.46ab 32.27a
A1B1C3 7 468.05ab 5 702.25abcd 231.27bc 586.31a 32.38abc 9.73bcd 35.45ab 11.04abcd 22.47ab 8.64abcd 14.64de
A1B2C3 7 868.40ab 6 011.10abc 221.71c 582.83a 35.50ab 10.32abc 37.35ab 11.63abc 23.67ab 9.11abc 15.42d
A2B1C1 5 683.20e 5 183.40d 242.38ab 590.89a 23.47e 8.77d 26.97de 10.03d 17.10de 7.85d -
A2B2C1 6 345.30cd 5 930.10abcd 235.31abc 587.14a 27.06de 10.10abcd 30.12cd 11.48abcd 19.09cd 8.98abcd -
A2B1C2 5 420.55e 5 621.15bcd 236.31abc 592.56a 22.95e 9.49cd 25.73e 10.88bcd 16.31e 8.51bcd 24.54c
A2B2C2 7 350.30b 6 430.05a 231.72bc 587.29a 31.72bcd 10.95ab 34.89b 12.44a 22.11b 9.74a 30.62ab
A2B1C3 5 685.00de 5 441.10cd 246.68a 586.90a 23.06e 9.29cd 26.98de 10.53cd 17.10de 8.24cd 12.36e
A2B2C3 5 882.85de 6 478.95a 233.20abc 580.38a 25.29e 11.16a 27.92de 12.54a 17.70de 9.82a 13.66de

Table 5

Effects of different treatments on water saving and yield increased of sorghum in growth stage"

品种
Variety		 覆盖方式
Mulch
method		 施氮量
N
application		 单位产量
Per kilogram of grain		 单位耗水量
Per cubicmeter of water consumption
节水量(m3/kg)
Water saved		 节水率(%)
Water saving rate		 增产量(kg/m3)
Yield increased		 增产率(%)
Yield increased rate
2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
A1 B1 C1 - - - - - - - -
B2 C1 0.002 0.007 7.153 7.028 2.350 0.716 7.704 7.559
B1 C2 - - - - - - - -
B2 C2 0.005 0.009 16.020 8.534 5.927 0.910 19.076 9.330
B1 C3 - - - - - - - -
B2 C3 0.003 0.006 9.012 5.701 3.198 0.588 9.904 6.045
A2 B1 C1 - - - - - - - -
B2 C1 0.006 0.015 13.046 13.147 3.518 1.328 15.003 15.137
B1 C2 - - - - - - - -
B2 C2 0.001 0.014 27.686 13.358 8.782 1.462 38.286 15.417
B1 C3 - - - - - - - -
B2 C3 0.004 0.018 8.646 16.952 2.181 1.892 9.465 20.417
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