Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 226-232.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.01.034

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Estimation of Sugarcane Plant Height Based on UAV RGB Remote Sensing

Liang Yongjian1(), Wu Wenzhi2, Shi Zesheng1, Tang Liqiu1, Song Xiupeng3, Yan Meixin3, Guo Qiang1, Qin Changxian1, He Hongliang1, Zhang Xiaoqiu3()   

  1. 1Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, Guangxi, China
    2Guangzhou Jifei Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
    3Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
  • Received:2021-09-25 Revised:2022-06-15 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-02-22

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Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of sugarcane plant height estimation based on UAV RGB remote sensing, and get the estimate sugarcane plant height quickly and correctly at various growth stages. Images of sugarcane at several growth phases, including seedling, tillering, mid- elongation, late-elongation and maturation were collected using the UAV RGB remote sensing platform. The digital surface model (DSM) was generated by the software of Pix4D mapper and the plant height was extracted by the software of Eris Arcmap. The estimation models of plant height based on DSM and actual measurement at different growth stages were established. Coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean relative error (MRE) were used to evaluate the models. The results showed that the plant height extracted based on DSM at each growth stage was higher than that of actual measurement. The estimation model of whole growth season had the best fit and high prediction accuracy with R2 of 0.9611, RMSE of 0.1623 and MRE of 0.1102 in validation data set. The estimation model of seedling stage had the highest prediction accuracy, whereas the fits of other estimation models less than that of whole growth season and seedling stage, and their accuracies were also lower. The estimation model of maturity stage had the lowest accuracy and the worst fit. Therefore, it should be paid an attention to the applicability of plant height prediction model at different growth stages when estimate sugarcane plant height via extracting plant height from DSM images acquired based on UAV RGB remote sensing.

Key words: UAV, Remote sensing, Sugarcane, Plant height

Table 1

Main technical parameters of UAV (Jixia-XMISSION)"

参数Parameter 数值/类型Value/pattern
质量（含桨和电池）
Weight (includes paddle and battery) (kg)		 2.25
轴距Wheel base (mm) 492
续航时间
Time of endurance (min)		 35
定位系统Positioning system GNSS
定位精度PositionaI accuracy

 垂直1.5cm+1ppm（RMS），水平1cm+ 1ppm（RMS）(1ppm是指飞行器每移动1km误差增加1mm)

Table 2

UAV remote sensing data acquisition and Pix4D mapper mosaic of the main parameters"

参数Parameter 数值Value
仿地飞行高度Ground-like altitude (m) 45
航向、旁向重叠率Rate of course, lateral overlap (%) 75
影像数量Number of images 145
空间分辨率Spatial resolution (cm) 1.38
影像比例Image scale factor 1/2（多比例）
彩色影像传感器尺寸
Size of color image sensor (mm×mm)		 13.133×8.755

Fig.1

Diagrammatic diagram of measuring of sugarcane plant height by remote sensing and actual measurement(built by 3D point cloud data) a: plant height obtained by manual measurement, b: plant height measured by remote sensing"

Fig.2

Plant height extracted from DSM and DOM of sugarcane a-f: figure of DOM, g-l: figure of DSM. a, g: planting stage; b, h: seedling stage; c, i: tillering stage; d, j: mid-elongation stage; e, k: late-elongation stage; f, l: maturity stage"

Table 3

Descriptive statistical analysis of sugarcane plant height by actual measurement at different growth stage"

生育期
Growth stage		 样本数
Number of samples		 最小值
Minimum (m)		 最大值
Maximum (m)		 平均值
Mean (m)		 标准差
Standard deviation (m)
苗期（5月）Seedling stage (May) 150 0.22 0.51 0.35 0.0737
分蘖期（6月）Tillering stage (June) 150 0.63 1.94 1.23 0.2468
伸长中期（8月）Mid-elongation stage (August) 150 0.89 2.07 1.51 0.2737
伸长后期（9月）Late-elongation stage (September) 150 1.43 3.12 2.24 0.3258
工艺成熟期（11月）Maturity stage (November) 150 1.58 3.15 2.47 0.3550
全生育期Whole growth stage 750 0.22 3.15 1.56 0.8074

Table 4

Descriptive statistical analysis of sugarcane plant height extracted based on DSM at different growth stages"

生育期
Growth stage		 样本数
Number of samples		 最小值
Minimum (m)		 最大值
Maximum (m)		 平均值
Mean (m)		 标准差
Standard deviation (m)
苗期（5月）Seedling stage (May) 150 0.34 0.89 0.68 0.1088
分蘖期（6月）Tillering stage (June) 150 1.21 2.39 1.74 0.2885
伸长中期（8月）Mid-elongation stage (August) 150 1.30 2.72 2.03 0.2912
伸长后期（9月）Late-elongation stage (September) 150 2.01 3.83 2.75 0.3657
工艺成熟期（11月）Maturity stage (November) 150 1.82 3.59 3.00 0.3427
全生育期Whole growth stage 750 0.34 3.83 2.04 0.8714

Table 5

Regression models of sugarcane plant height in various growth stages extracted based on DSM and obtained by manual measurement"

生育期
Growth stage		 一元线性回归模型
Simple linear
regression model		 建模集
Calibration set		 验证集
Validation set
R2 RMSE (m) MRE R2 RMSE (m) MRE
苗期（5月）Seedling stage (May) y=0.6203x-0.0782 0.8729 0.3419 0.3386 0.7387 0.0411 0.0344
分蘖期（6月）Tillering stage (June) y=0.7327x-0.0414 0.7804 0.5286 0.5113 0.8288 0.2854 0.1280
伸长中期（8月）Mid-elongation stage (August) y=0.8940x-0.2867 0.7813 0.5110 0.5042 0.7693 0.1554 0.1290
伸长后期（9月）Late-elongation stage (September) y=0.8666x-0.1058 0.7642 0.5059 0.4750 0.7846 0.2256 0.1621
工艺成熟期（11月）Maturity stage (November) y=0.8726x-0.1467 0.6863 0.5675 0.5380 0.6681 0.2066 0.1444
全生育期Whole growth season y=0.9229x-0.3131 0.9670 0.4980 0.4738 0.9611 0.1623 0.1102

Fig.3

Scatter plots of plant height extracted based on DSM and actual measurement"

Fig.4

Scatter plots of plant height of predicted and actual measurement at different growth stage"

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