Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 159-164.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.023

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Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Physical Chemistry Properties and Potato Quality under Continuous Cropping in Arid Area

Hu Xinyuan1(), Liu Yongqiang2(), Xie Kuizhong2, Sun Xiaohua2, Luo Aihua2   

  1. 1Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2Potato Research Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2023-02-22 Revised:2023-04-23 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-15

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Abstract:

Reducing chemical fertilizer and replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer are important agricultural measures for green and high-quality cultivation at present. Compared with traditional fertilization (CK), four treatments of fertilizer replacing mode, NR15/C5 (inorganic N reduction by 15% and organic N substitution by 5%), NR30/C10 (inorganic N reduction by 30% and organic N substitution by 10%), NR45/C15 (inorganic N reduction by 45% and organic N substitution by 15%) and NR60/C20 (inorganic N reduction by 60% and organic N substitution by 20%), were set. The effects of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer on soil physical properties, nutrient, enzyme activities, growth and quality of potato were studied. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer replacement, potato plant height, yield, dry matter content and relative chlorophyll content increased compared with the control, increasing first and then decreasing, and NR45/C15 reached a significant level compared with the control increment. Potato stem thick, protein, organic matter, acid protease and alkaline phosphatase activities increased, soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus increased, NR45/C15 and NR60/C20 treatments increased significantly; soil pH, salinity, total nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen contents decreased. It was showed that in the mode of replacing part of nitrogen fertilizer, two forms of nitrogen formed complementary and fertilizer balance through digestion and absorption, increased the utilization efficiency of fertilizer, improved soil structure, and promoted potato growth and dry matter accumulation.

Key words: Arid area, Potato, Nitrogen fertilizer reduction, Organic fertilizer substitution, Soil characteristics, Quality

Table 1

Nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer replacement kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 N P2O5 K2O 有机肥
Organic fertilizer
传统施肥
Traditional fertilization (CK)		 180 90 108 0
NR15/C5 162 90 108 288
NR30/C10 144 90 108 576
NR45/C15 126 90 108 864
NR60/C20 108 90 108 1152

Fig.1

Ridge film mulching mode"

Fig.2

Effects of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer on growth characteristics of potato Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (P < 0.05), the same below"

Fig.3

Effects of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer on potato quality"

Fig.4

Effects of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer on soil characteristics of potato continuous cropping"

Table 2

Effects of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer on soil nutrient under continuous cropping of potato"

处理
Treatment		 碱解氮
Alkaline hydrolysis
of nitrogen (mg/kg)		 有效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg/kg)		 速效钾
Quick-acting
potassium (mg/kg)		 全氮
Total N
(g/kg)		 全磷
Total P
(g/kg)		 全钾
Total K
(g/kg)
CK 114.13±5.24a 22.20±3.13b 148.67±14.06b 0.95±0.13a 0.88±0.07a 21.77±3.31a
NR15/C5 111.40±3.26ab 25.50±2.06b 161.00±9.56ab 0.91±0.08a 0.89±0.09a 20.77±2.23a
NR30/C10 94.03±7.42b 31.63±3.22ab 216.00±8.01a 0.86±0.08b 0.92±0.08a 22.67±0.95a
NR45/C15 79.17±3.58c 35.87±1.78ab 200.33±12.44a 0.86±0.16b 0.96±0.15a 21.36±4.27a
NR60/C20 82.83±7.51c 43.63±1.66a 191.00±10.25a 0.72±0.20c 0.95±0.12a 23.80±2.81a

Table 3

Effects of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer on soil enzyme activity of potato continuous cropping"

处理
Treatment		 脲酶
Urease [NH3-N mg/(g·d)]		 酸性蛋白酶
Acid protease (U/g)		 碱性磷酸酶
Alkaline phosphatase (U/g)		 过氧化氢酶
Catalase [0.1mol/L KMnO4 mL/(g·h)]		 蔗糖酶
Sucrase [Glucose mg/(g·d)]
CK 4308.0±245.1a 10.20±1.13c 13.81±2.21c 16.33±0.42a 0.32±0.02c
NR15/C5 4033.5±102.4b 10.13±1.09c 14.08±1.65c 16.00±0.33a 0.34±0.02c
NR30/C10 3917.7±221.4bc 12.30±0.79b 14.94±1.42bc 15.82±0.89a 0.34±0.02c
NR45/C15 3812.8±97.0c 13.63±1.25ab 15.86±0.98b 16.45±0.85a 0.37±0.01b
NR60/C20 3786.0±312.2c 15.07±0.62a 17.11±1.15a 15.42±0.63a 0.43±0.01a
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