Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 97-102.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.06.013

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Study on the Inheritance Rules of Agronomic Traits in the Progeny of Crosses between Local Species of Xinjiang Proso Millet

Zhang Dongjie1(), Zhang Zhejun2, Ayidingkuli·Shaheiduola 3, Sangtanati·Asikaer 1, Wumaierxiati·Tahan 1()   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2College of Grass Industry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    3Tuoli County Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau,Tacheng 834500, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2024-02-29 Revised:2024-04-03 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-05

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Abstract:

Through direct and reciprocal crosses between two varieties of proso millet purple culm with lateral spikes (TKS) and (yellow culm with dense spikes (HP), the genetic variation for seven agronomic traits, such as plant height, number of nodes on the main stem, as well as panicle length were measured and the segregation of stem and leaf color as well as panicle type in the second generation (F2) was examined. The results showed that stem and leaf color as well as panicle shape segregated in both TKSXHP (TH) and HPXTKS (HT) populations in F2. The segregation ratio of purple to yellow in stem and leaf color in the HT population was about 15:1, indicating that purple was dominant to yellow and purple was controlled by multiple genes. The segregation ratio of purple to yellow in stem and leaf color in the TH population was about 1:1, indicating that purple was controlled by multiple genes. In F2, the panicle weight of two groups was higher than the parental range, the panicle length of HT population was higher than the parental range, and the plant height was lower than the parental range, so there was transgressive segregation. The mid-parent heterosis in the TH population was more obvious tha that in HT population. The genetic diversity indices of panicle type and stem and leaf color were the greatest in F2. In the correlation analysis, two groups showed an extremely significant positive correlation between panicle shape and the color of stems and leaves, while other traits showed different correlations.

Key words: Proso millet, Agronomic traits, Stem and leaf color, Panicle type, Transgressive segregation, Mid- parent heterosis, Inheritance rule

Table 1

Main information of test materials"

试验材料Test material 来源Source 样本量Sample number 性状Trait
杂交亲本Hybrid parent TKS 中国新疆伊犁 1 侧穗，株高较高，生育期长，成熟期茎叶部分呈紫色
HP 哈萨克斯坦 1 密穗，株高较矮，生育期短，成熟期茎叶呈黄色
F1 TKS×HP － 1 侧穗，茎叶颜色枯萎后呈浅紫色
HP×TKS － 1 侧穗，茎叶颜色枯萎后呈浅紫色
F2 TH － 791 生育期、穗型、穗长、株高、茎叶颜色分离
HT － 873 生育期、穗型、穗长、株高、茎叶颜色分离

Table 2

Agronomic traits and determination standard"

性状Trait 类型Type 赋值Valuation 性状描述及代码Trait description and code
株高Plant height 数量性状 数值 成熟期地面至穗最高点的自然高度
主茎节数Number of nodes on the main stem 数量性状 数值 主茎的分节数量
穗型Panicle type 质量性状 0，1 侧穗（0）、密穗（1）
穗长Panicle length 数量性状 数值 穗基第一分枝到穗尖的绝对长度
穗重Panicle weight 数量性状 数值 成熟后穗的干重
茎叶颜色Stem and leaf color 质量性状 0，1 成熟期旗叶枯萎后颜色，黄色（0）、淡紫色（1）
生育期Growth period 数量性状 数值 从出苗到成熟的天数

Table 3

Performance of heterosis in F2 generation of TH population"

性状
Trait		 父本
Male parent		 母本
Female parent		 VMP F2
Fm Hm RHm (%)
株高Plant height 81.31 106.43 93.87 95.75 1.88* 2.00
主茎节数Number of nodes on the main stem 5.33 7.07 6.20 6.00 -0.20 -3.23
穗长Panicle length 17.62 31.23 24.43 36.65 12.22** 50.02
穗重Panicle weight 6.30 4.37 5.34 6.52 1.18* 22.10
生育期Growth period 67.00 95.00 81.00 85.00 4.00* 4.94

Table 4

Performance of heterosis in F2 generation of HT population"

性状
Trait		 父本
Male parent		 母本
Female parent		 VMP F2
Fm Hm RHm (%)
株高Plant height 106.43 81.31 93.87 75.00 -18.87** -20.10
主茎节数Number of nodes on the main stem 7.07 5.33 6.20 6.00 -0.20 -3.23
穗长Panicle length 31.23 17.62 24.43 27.00 2.57* 10.52
穗重Panicle weight 4.37 6.30 5.34 7.08 1.74* 32.58
生育期Growth period 95.00 67.00 81.00 87.00 6.00** 7.41

Table 5

Descriptive statistics of phenotypic traits in the TH population"

性状
Trait		 最大值
Max.		 最小值
Min.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 极差
Range		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosis		 变异系数
CV (%)
株高Plant height 90.80 65.10 83.51 7.46 25.70 -1.27 1.18 8.93
主茎节数Number of nodes on the main stem 7.00 5.00 5.87 0.74 2.00 0.22 -0.97 12.67
穗长Panicle length 34.00 16.30 26.40 5.28 17.70 -0.42 -0.91 19.99
穗重Panicle weight 12.20 2.58 5.92 2.49 9.62 1.36 2.22 42.13
生育期Growth period 95.00 65.00 93.00 7.75 30.00 -3.87 15.00 8.33

Table 6

Descriptive statistics of phenotypic traits in the HT population"

性状
Trait		 最大值
Max.		 最小值
Min.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 极差
Range		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosis		 变异系数
CV (%)
株高Plant height 117.50 83.50 105.31 8.76 34.00 -1.09 1.56 8.32
主茎节数Number of nodes on the main stem 8.00 6.00 6.73 0.80 2.00 0.55 -1.13 11.86
穗长Panicle length 35.90 22.30 28.41 4.13 13.60 0.33 -0.91 14.53
穗重Panicle weight 12.84 1.95 6.90 2.46 10.89 0.54 2.22 35.59
生育期Growth period 72.00 58.00 65.60 6.45 14.00 -0.07 -2.09 9.83

Table 7

Segregation pattern of panicle type as well as stem leaf color in F2 population"

性状
Trait		 亲本组合
Parental combination		 F2株数
Number of F2		 频率Frequency (%) 比值
Ratio
0 1 2 3
穗型Panicle type TKS×HP 791 47.28(374) 45.89(363) 3.16(25) 3.67(29) 15:1
HP×TKS 873 5.61(49) 88.32(771) 0.34(3) 5.73(50) 15:1
总计Total － 1664 423 1134 28 79
茎叶颜色Stem and leaf color TKS×HP 791 47.28(374) 45.89(363) 3.16(25) 3.67(29) 1:1
HP×TKS 873 5.61(49) 88.32(771) 0.34(3) 5.73(50) 15:1
总计Total － 1664 423 1134 28 79

Table 8

Shannon-Wiener diversity in different populations of F2"

群体
Population		 株高
Plant height		 主茎节数
Number of nodes on the main stem		 穗长
Panicle length		 穗重
Panicle weight		 生育期
Growth period		 穗型
Panicle type		 茎叶颜色
Stem and leaf color
TH 2.71 2.78 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.94 2.95
HT 2.71 2.77 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.94 2.93

Table 9

Correlation analysis of agronomic traits in the TH population"

相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 株高
Plant
height		 主茎节数
Number of nodes
on the main stem		 穗长
Panicle
length		 穗重
Panicle
weight		 生育期
Growth
period		 穗型
Panicle
type		 茎叶颜色
Stem and
leaf color
株高Plant height 1.00
主茎节数Number of nodes in the main stem -0.28 1.00
穗长Panicle length 0.00 -0.17 1.00
穗重Panicle weight 0.18 0.21 0.42 1.00
生育期Growth period -0.05 -0.05 0.53* 0.33 1.00
穗型Panicle type -0.20 -0.13 0.84** 0.50 0.38 1.00
茎叶颜色Stem and leaf color -0.15 0.15 0.90** 0.41 0.33 0.87** 1.00

Table 10

Correlation analysis of agronomic traits in the HT population"

相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 株高
Plant
height		 主茎节数
Number of nodes
on the main stem		 穗长
Panicle
length		 穗重
Panicle
weight		 生育期
Growth
period		 穗型
Panicle
type		 茎叶颜色
Stem and
leaf color
株高Plant height 1.00
主茎节数Number of nodes on the main stem 0.49 1.00
穗长Panicle length 0.68** -0.03 1.00
穗重Panicle weight 0.23 -0.43 0.31 1.00
生育期Growth period 0.66** 0.17 0.85** -0.01 1.00
穗型Panicle type 0.65** 0.38 0.55* -0.01 0.74** 1.00
茎叶颜色Stem and leaf color 0.28 0.26 0.42 -0.12 0.61* 0.83** 1.00
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