Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 103-112.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.06.014

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Effects of Different Farming Patterns on the Physiology and Structure of Maize Leaves

Cheng Shengyu(), Yang Caihong(), Cui Wenqiang, Jiang Xiaomin   

  1. Forestry College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2023-10-26 Revised:2024-03-01 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-05

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Abstract:

To explore the influence of farming patterns on the physiology and structure of maize leaves in Hexi Irrigation Agricultural Region, this experiment set no-tillage with stubble retention (NT) and conventional tillage (CT), wheat-maize intercropping (W/M), winter-rape and maize rotation after wheat harvesting (W-G→M), wheat-maize rotation (W→M), maize leaf physiology, structure and yield changes of the six different treatments were studied. The results showed that the soluble sugar contents of maize under NT mode were higher than those in CT mode in three period. The soluble sugar contents of CT (W-G→M) and CT (W→M) during the filling period was significantly lower than that of other treatments. The contents of soluble protein in maize leaves under different tillage treatments showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, however, the peak occurrence periods were different in the different farming treatments. MDA contents under different tillage treatments increased first and then decreased. SLW under W/M mode at maturity was 23.75% and 19.87% higher than that of W-G→M and W→M modes, respectively, and NT(W/M) treatment was 13.17%-39.66% higher than that of other treatments. Under the NT treatment, the long axes of mitochondria in maize leaves were nearly parallel, inner and outer membrane as well as cristae were clearly visible, and the mitochondria of CT treatment were long and disordered, curved in cells, most of them accumulated in the corner of the cell, the inner and outer membrane were fuzzy. In the W/M mode, wheat yield of NT was 8.17% higher than that of CT, maize yield of NT increased by an average of 13.91% compared with CT, the W/M model showed the largest increase in maize yield; When compared to CT, the no-tillage method could increase the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and SLW of maize leaves, boost the quantity of chloroplasts in the leaves, reduced the MDA content of the leaves by intercropping, and relieved leaf aging. In comparison to conventional tillage, the grain weight per plant and 100-grain weight were 9.24% and 9.40% higher and the yield of no-tillage maize was 13.91% higher, respectively. There was a positive correlation between 100-grain weight, grain weight per plant, and maize yield. The yields of wheat and maize under the different planting modes were lower than the rotation mode because of the different sowing densities. Land equivalent ratios of W/M mode were 1.30-1.36. Consequently, the no-tillage method of intercropping maize is better suited for the adoption and dissemination of the oasis irrigation area.

Key words: Maize, Farming patterns, Leaf physiology, Microstructure, Yield

Fig.1

Soluble sugar contents of maize leaves at different growth stages Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments during the same period (P < 0.05), the same below."

Fig.2

Soluble protein contents of maize leaves at different growth stages"

Fig.3

MDA contents in leaves of maize at different growth stages"

Fig.4

The SLW in different treatments at maize growth stages"

Fig.5

Mitochondrial structure of maize leaves under different treatments"

Fig.6

Number and distribution of chloroplasts in maize leaves under different treatments"

Fig.7

Chloroplast structure of maize leaves under different treatments"

Table 1

Effects of different treatments on yield components of maize"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant
height (m)		 穗长
Spike
length (cm)		 穗位高
Spike
height (m)		 穗行数
Row number
per spike		 行粒数
Grain number
per row		 单株粒重
Grain weight
per plant (g)		 百粒重
100-grain
weight (g)		 含水率
Water content
(%)		 秃尖长
Bald tip
length (cm)
NT（W/M） 3.02c 21.63a 1.05bc 16.27b 41.60a 318.02a 43.63ab 16.51bc 1.40a
CT（W/M） 2.77d 20.68a 1.00c 16.53ab 41.07a 266.51b 39.19d 14.06c 1.31a
NT（W-G→M） 3.42ab 21.25a 1.26ab 17.47a 40.53a 273.86ab 46.65a 20.11a 1.26a
CT（W-G→M） 3.01c 21.67a 1.10bc 16.67ab 42.07a 268.84b 42.50bc 18.87ab 1.36a
NT（W→M） 3.51a 21.72a 1.39a 17.20ab 41.20a 289.49ab 42.97bc 21.02a 1.46a
CT（W→M） 3.23b 21.62a 1.22ab 17.47a 42.47a 271.46ab 40.12cd 20.77a 0.85a

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on crop yields"

处理
Treatment		 2020 2021 LER
小麦产量
Wheat yield (kg/hm2)		 玉米产量
Maize yield (kg/hm2)		 小麦产量
Wheat yield (kg/hm2)		 玉米产量
Maize yield (kg/hm2)
NT（W/M） 3493.16±452.26b 14 101.50±1562.34a 3899.99±471.16a 16 697.10±1755.41b 1.36±0.15a
CT（W/M） 3009.35±105.78b 12 810.00±1235.46a 3605.39±432.09a 13 992.65±2140.46b 1.30±0.05a
NT（W-G→M） 6258.20±506.54a － － 22 591.80±1542.10a －
CT（W-G→M） 5400.70±263.54ab － － 22 178.75±308.70a －
NT（W→M） 5856.70±496.35a － － 23 872.20±1531.04a －
CT（W→M） 5389.20±562.37ab － － 22 390.50±1493.25a －

Fig.8

Correlation analysis between maize yield and its components “*”represents P < 0.05,“**”represents P < 0.01,“***”represents P < 0.001."

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