Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 126-131.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.06.017

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Effects of Soil Amendments on Soil Characteristics and Rice Growth in Cold Waterlogged Paddy Field

Wang Benfu1(), Yu Zhenyuan2, Song Pingyuan2, Zhang Zuolin1, Zhang Zhisheng1, Li Yang1, Su Zhangfeng3, Zheng Zhongchun4, Cheng Jianping1()   

  1. 1Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement / Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
    2College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
    3Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Qianjiang, Qianjiang 433100, Hubei, China
    4Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Qianjiang, Qianjiang 433100, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-01-04 Revised:2024-04-22 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-05

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Abstract:

The characteristics of cold waterlogged paddy field were poor soil ventilation and permeability, strong soil reducibility, and lack of effective nutrients. This study focuses on the typical cold waterlogged paddy fields in Hubei province, exploring the effects of different fertilizer application rates combined with soil amendments on soil characteristics, rice roots, and yield. The results showed that compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer (CK) treatment, the application of soil amendments (T1 treatment) increased yield by 16.76% by increasing the number of effective panicles and seed-setting rate, significantly promoted the growth and development of rice roots, with 14.0% increase in total root length, 27.1% increase in fresh root weight, 28.5% increase in dry root weight, and 21.5% increase in root volume. And it effectively reduced the reducibility of cold waterlogged paddy fields, enhanced soil oxidation characteristics, increased the redox potential by 16.3%, reduced the total amount of soil reducing substances by 1.86 cmol/kg, and reduced active reducing substances by 2.19 cmol/kg. Increase the content of soil available nutrients, with alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium increasing 11.0%, 28.5% and 39.2%, respectively. After reducing fertilizer by 20% and applying soil amendments (T2 treatment), the yield decreased by 4.98%, but the reduction did not reach significant level. The total root length increased by 5.0%, fresh root weight increased by 9.3%, the dry root weight increased by 18.6%, and root volume increased by 8.3%. The total amount of soil reducing substances was decreased by 1.95 cmol/kg, the active reducing substances were decreased by 2.24 cmol/kg, the redox potential was increased by 13.9%, and reduced soil reducing ability. In summary, the application of soil amendments can significantly increase yield, because it reduce the reducibility of cold waterlogged paddy fields, improve soil oxidation characteristics, improve root growth and development, increase effective nutrient supply in the soil.

Key words: Rice, Soil amendments, Cold waterlogged paddy field, Redox potential, Soil physical and chemical properties, Yield

Table 1

Effects of different treatments on root growth and development"

取样时间（月-日）
Sampling date
(month-day)		 处理
Treatment		 总根长
Total root
length (mm)		 根鲜重（g/株）
Root fresh
weight (g/plant)		 根干重（g/株）
Root dry
weight (g/plant)		 根体积
Root volume
(cm3)		 根系活力
Root activity
[μg/(g·h)]		 根冠比
Root-shoot
ratio
06-14 T1 8456a 13.36a 1.38a 9.42a 103.3a 0.21a
06-14 T2 7417b 9.80c 0.90b 6.42b 101.7a 0.18a
06-14 CK 6736c 10.73b 1.09b 5.99b 85.5b 0.20a
07-14 T1 10 792a 72.64a 6.35a 37.87a 172.7a 0.14a
07-14 T2 9940a 62.38b 5.86a 33.82a 132.3b 0.16a
07-14 CK 9466b 57.13c 4.94b 31.24b 103.2c 0.10b

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on rice yield and its components"

处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Effective panicle
number (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Number of grains
per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 理论产量
Theoretical yield
(t/hm2)		 实际产量
Actual yield
(t/hm2)		 较对照增产率
Yield increase rate compared
with control (%)
T1 273.9a 186.1a 24.38a 82.75a 10.28a 9.91a 16.76
T2 249.3b 179.4a 23.87a 74.53b 7.95c 8.07b -4.98
CK 264.0ab 180.9a 24.79a 74.56b 8.83b 8.49b －

Fig.1

Effects of soil amendment application on soil redox potential Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05)."

Table 3

Effects of soil amendments on soil reducing substances and soil nutrient content"

处理
Treatment		 还原物质总量
Total amount of reducing
substances (cmol/kg)		 活性还原物质
Active reducing
substances (cmol/kg)		 氧化亚铁
Ferrous oxide
content (cmol/kg)		 碱解氮
Available N
(mg/kg)		 有效磷
Available P
(mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg/kg)
T1 8.26b 6.12b 3.58b 242a 19.80a 78a
T2 8.17b 6.07b 3.54b 216b 16.70b 54b
CK 10.12a 8.31a 4.68a 218b 15.40c 56b

Table 4

Correlation analysis between yield, its components, roots and soil fertility"

指标
Index		 总
根长
Total
root
length		 根体积
Root
volume		 根系
活力
Root
activity		 氧化还
原电位
Redox
potential		 还原物
质总量
Total amount
of reducing
substances		 活性还
原物质
Active
reducing
substances		 氧化
亚铁
FeO		 碱解氮
Available
N		 有效磷
Available
P		 速效钾
Available
K		 穗粒数
Number
of grains
per
panicle		 千粒重
1000-
grain
weight		 结实率
Seed-
setting
rate		 产量
Yield
总根长
Total root length		 1.00 1.00** 1.00** 0.85 -0.75 -0.76 -0.75 0.91 1.00** 0.91 0.84 -0.29 0.93 0.84
根体积
Root volume		 1.00 1.00** 0.87 -0.77 -0.78 -0.78 0.89 0.99** 0.89 0.82 -0.33 0.92 0.82
根系活力
Root activity		 1.00 0.89 -0.79 -0.80 -0.80 0.88 0.99** 0.88 0.80 -0.36 0.91 0.80
氧化还原电位
Redox potential		 1.00 -0.98* -0.99* -0.99* 0.56 0.82 0.56 0.43 -0.75 0.61 0.43
还原物质总量
Total amount of
reducing substances		 1.00 1.00** 1.00** -0.40 -0.70 -0.40 -0.26 0.85 -0.46 -0.26
活性还原物质
Active reducing
substances		 1.00 1.00** -0.42 -0.71 -0.42 -0.29 0.84 -0.48 -0.28
氧化亚铁FeO 1.00 -0.41 -0.71 -0.41 -0.27 0.85 -0.47 -0.27
碱解氮Available N 1.00 0.94 1.00** 0.99* 0.13 1.00** 0.99*
有效磷Available P 1.00 0.93 0.87 -0.23 0.96* 0.87
速效钾Available K 1.00 0.99** 0.14 1.00** 0.99*
穗粒数
Number of grains
per panicle		 1.00 0.27 0.98* 1.00**
千粒重
1000-grain weight		 1.00 0.07 0.28
结实率
Seed-setting rate		 1.00 0.98*
产量Yield 1.00
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