Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 162-170.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.06.022

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Characteristics of Climate Resources Distribution and Utilization during the Growth Period of Summer Maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Zhang Jinxin1,2(), Ge Junzhu1(), Li Congfeng2, Zhou Baoyuan2()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy & Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Production, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-03-12 Revised:2024-04-10 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-05

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the characteristics of climate resource distribution and utilization during the growth period of summer maize in Huang-Huai-Hai region, and improve the yield potential and utilization efficiency of climate resource, this study analyzed the relationship between high yield formation of summer maize and allocation of light, temperature and water resources in growing season using the data of six representative test sites in Huang-Huai-Hai area from 2017 to 2018. The results showed that there were significant differences in summer maize yield between years and regions, and the difference in yield was mainly due to the difference in 1000-kernel weight. The two-year yield and 1000-kernel weight of Ningjin test site were higher than those of other test sites about 6.42%-49.77% and 3.43%-38.34%, respectively. The difference of climatic resources was the main reason for the difference of summer maize yield between regions. The yield showed significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation with pre-flowering accumulated temperature, precipitation and precipitation during the whole growth period, and extremely significantly negative correlation with post- flowering accumulated temperature. That was, when the effective pre-flowering and post-flowering accumulated temperature did not exceed 878.3 ℃ and 726.6 ℃ respectively, increasing the pre-flowering rainfall within the range of 174-510 mm during the whole growth period precipitation was beneficial to obtain higher summer maize yield. The results showed that the accumulated temperature and rainfall distribution before and after flowering had greater influence on the yield formation than the total accumulated temperature and rainfall during the whole growth period. Therefore, optimizing the pre-flowering/post-flowering climate resource allocation and improving the matching degree between maize growth and climate resources could be taken as an important measure to mitigate the impact of climate change and further improve the yield of summer maize and the utilization efficiency of climate resources in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.

Key words: Summer maize, Yield, Climate resource distribution, Resources utilization efficiency

Table 1

Geographical distribution and plough layer information of each experimental site"

试验点
Experimental site		 经度
Longitude (E)		 纬度
Latitude (N)		 有机质
Organic matter (%)		 全氮
Total N (%)		 速效磷
Olsen-P (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available-K (mg/kg)
宁津Ningjin 116.80 37.64 0.94 0.066 6.5 128.0
莘县Shenxian 115.67 36.23 0.94 0.066 6.5 128.0
内丘Neiqiu 114.51 37.28 1.18 0.070 4.5 137.4
永年Yongnian 114.43 36.78 0.97 0.064 5.5 146.0
叶县Yexian 113.35 33.62 1.06 0.069 6.0 152.0
原阳Yuanyang 113.93 35.06 1.06 0.069 6.0 152.0

Table 2

"

地点Site 播种日期Sowing date 收获日期Harvest date
宁津Ningjin 06-17 10-04
莘县Shenxian 06-20 10-07
内丘Neiqiu 06-22 10-05
永年Yongnian 06-23 10-07
叶县Yexian 06-08 09-19
原阳Yuanyang 06-11 09-21

Table 3

Yield and its components of summer maize at different sites from 2017 to 2018"

年份Year 地点Site 产量Yield (kg/hm2) 穗数Ear number (×104/hm2) 穗粒数Kernels per ear 千粒重1000-grain weight (g)
2017 宁津 10 896.8a 7.5a 491.4b 373.0a
莘县 9997.7b 7.4a 509.7ab 361.3ab
内丘 11 090.4a 7.5a 504.0ab 363.3ab
永年 8322.6d 7.4a 518.4ab 345.0ab
叶县 9148.6c 7.5a 525.0a 333.7b
原阳 8361.5d 7.3a 492.0b 330.0b
2018 宁津 10 423.5a 7.5a 527.6bc 371.0a
莘县 9843.5b 7.4a 428.0d 356.0ab
内丘 9836.0b 7.4a 521.1bc 327.0c
永年 10 037.5ab 7.5a 493.7c 347.7b
叶县 6268.2c 7.3a 570.7ab 226.7e
原阳 9381.0b 7.5a 608.0a 280.7d
变异来源Source of variation
年份Year (Y) ** ns * **
地点Site (S) ** ns ** **
Y×S ** ns ** **

Table 4

Distribution of effective accumulated temperature for summer maize"

年份
Year		 地点
Site		 花前Pre-flowering 花后Post-flowering 全生育期Whole growth period
积温量Tx (°C) 分配率TDR (%) 积温量Tx (°C) 分配率TDR (%) 积温量T (°C) 有效积温比值TR
2017 宁津 895.5 55 739.5 45 1635.0 1.21
莘县 880.0 53 773.5 47 1653.5 1.14
内丘 828.5 55 679.0 45 1507.5 1.22
永年 907.0 56 709.5 44 1616.5 1.28
叶县 802.0 49 826.5 51 1628.5 0.97
原阳 820.0 51 802.5 49 1622.5 1.02
2018 宁津 912.0 54 769.0 46 1681.0 1.19
莘县 883.0 52 822.5 48 1705.5 1.06
内丘 830.5 52 763.0 48 1593.5 1.09
永年 880.0 53 788.5 47 1668.5 1.12
叶县 819.5 49 857.0 51 1676.5 0.98
原阳 877.0 52 802.5 48 1679.5 1.09
平均值Mean value 861.3 53 777.8 47 1639.0 1.11
变异系数CV (%) 4.27 4.11 6.23 4.56 3.08 8.47

Table 5

Distribution of radiation for summer maize"

年份
Year		 地点
Site		 花前Pre-flowering 花后Post-flowering 全生育期Whole growth period
辐射量Ra (MJ/m2) 分配率RDR (%) 辐射量Ra (MJ/m2) 分配率RDR (%) 辐射量Ra (MJ/m2) 辐射比值RR
2017 宁津 1142.6 50 1132.1 50 2274.7 1.00
莘县 1121.1 53 987.6 47 2108.7 1.14
内丘 1054.6 54 907.5 46 1962.1 1.16
永年 1170.9 54 998.0 46 2168.9 1.17
叶县 1112.5 52 1017.0 48 2129.5 1.09
原阳 1184.6 53 1034.9 47 2219.5 1.14
2018 宁津 1433.6 51 1361.1 49 2794.7 1.05
莘县 1101.1 49 1152.4 51 2253.5 0.96
内丘 919.6 41 1317.2 59 2236.8 0.70
永年 1026.9 45 1233.4 55 2260.3 0.83
叶县 907.1 45 1126.5 55 2033.6 0.81
原阳 1545.1 57 1186.4 43 2731.5 1.30
平均值Mean value 1143.3 50 1121.2 50 2264.5 1.00
变异系数CV (%) 15.54 8.68 11.83 8.82 10.66 16.85

Table 6

Distribution of precipitation for summer maize"

年份
Year		 地点
Site		 花前Pre-flowering 花后Post-flowering 全生育期Whole growth period
降水量Pr (mm) 分配率PDR (%) 降水量Pr (mm) 分配率PDR (%) 降水量Pr (mm) 降水比值PR
2017 宁津 270 56 214 44 484 1.26
莘县 205 76 66 24 271 3.11
内丘 268 65 145 35 413 1.85
永年 118 62 72 38 190 1.64
叶县 207 50 216 50 413 0.96
原阳 88 51 86 49 174 1.02
2018 宁津 220 43 290 57 510 0.76
莘县 68 27 180 73 248 0.38
内丘 294 67 145 33 439 2.03
永年 138 53 124 47 262 1.12
叶县 119 44 151 56 270 0.79
原阳 296 61 190 39 486 1.56
平均值Mean value 191 55 157 45 347 1.21
变异系数CV (%) 41.18 22.59 40.39 27.16 33.84 57.53

Table 7

Correlation coefficients between summer maize yield, 1000-grain weight and the resources of light, temperature and water"

指标
Index		 有效积温Tx 辐射量Ra 降水量Pr
花前
Pre-
flowering		 花后
Post-
flowering		 全生育期
Whole growth
period		 花前
Pre-
flowering		 花后
Post-
flowering		 全生育期
Whole growth
period		 花前
Pre-
flowering		 花后
Post-
flowering		 全生育期
Whole growth
period
产量Yield 0.34* -0.57** -0.30 0.20 0.08 0.19 0.53** 0.27 0.50**
千粒重1000-grain weight － -0.56** -0.24 0.11 0.07 0.05 0.11 0.08 0.12

Fig.1

The correlation between summer maize yield and climate factors “*”and“**”indicate significant correlation at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively."

Table 8

Production efficiency of radiation, accumulated temperature, and precipitation for summer maize"

年份
Year		 地点
Site		 有效积温
生产效率
Production
efficiency of AT
[kg/(hm2·℃)]		 光能生产效率
Production
efficiency of
radiation
(g/MJ)		 降水生产效率
Production
efficiency
of precipitation
[kg/(hm2·mm)]
2017 宁津 6.66b 4.79b 22.51e
莘县 6.05c 4.74b 36.89c
内丘 7.36a 5.65a 26.85d
永年 5.15e 3.84d 43.80b
叶县 5.62d 4.30c 22.15e
原阳 5.15e 3.77d 48.05a
2018 宁津 6.06ab 3.65b 19.99c
莘县 5.77bc 4.37a 39.69a
内丘 6.17a 4.40a 22.41b
永年 6.02ab 4.44a 38.31a
叶县 3.74d 3.08c 23.22b
原阳 5.59c 3.43b 19.30c
变异来源Source of variation
年份Year (Y) ** ** **
地点Site (S) ** ** **
Y×S ** ** **
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