Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 179-185.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.06.024

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Effects of UAV Aerial Seeding Period and Seeding Methods on Yield, Quality and Economic Benefits of Winter Oilseed Rape

Zhao Ximei1(), Li Qi2, Yan Ruyu1, Xiang Fengyun1, Li Yaqiong1, Li Xuxun1, Zou Jialong3, Li Jifu1()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
    2College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
    3Jingzhou District Agricultural Technology and Service Center, Jingzhou 434020, Hubei, China
  • Received:2023-07-24 Revised:2023-12-04 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-05

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Abstract:

Explore the effects of different UAV aerial seeding periods and seeding methods on the growth, yield, quality, nutrient uptake and economic benefits of winter oilseed rape, so as to provide a reference basis for the simplified production of winter oilseed rape in the Yangtze River Basin. A field demonstration trial was conducted in Jingzhou City, Jianghan Plain, with six treatments, i.e., aerial seeding without fertiliser (CK), manual spreading (T1), aerial seeding in cereal forest sets (T2) and aerial seeding after paddy 1 (T3), 2 (T4) and 3 (T5) treatments. The results showed that compared with CK treatment, T3, T4 and T5 treatments could significantly increase the yield, biomass and improve agronomic traits of winter oilseed rape, especially T3 treatment had the best effect. Compared with T1 treatment, the fertiliser treatment could improve the growth index and oil content of winter oilseed rape. The average contents of high oleic acid and linoleic acid of T3, T4 and T5 treatments were 9.9% and 3.6% higher than CK treatment. Considering the yield, nutrient uptake, quality and economic benefits of winter oilseed rape indicators, the T3 and T4 treatments were the most effective among the different seeding treatments after rice, i.e., in the Jianghan Plain, the optimal period for aerial seeding oilseed rape after the harvest of mid-season rice was from the end of September to the middle of October, which could increase yield, quality and benefits.

Key words: Winter oilseed rape, Aerial seeding period, Yield, Nutrient uptake, Quality, Economic benefits

Fig.1

Average monthly temperature and rainfall during the growth period of winter oilseed rape in 2021-2022"

Table 1

The soil basic physicochemical properties under different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 pH 有机质
Organic
matter (g/kg)		 有效氮
Available N
(mg/kg)		 有效磷
Available P
(mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg/kg)
CK 5.44 17.3 76.3 15.4 177.4
T1 5.36 21.1 85.5 14.6 165.2
T2 4.96 15.2 67.4 20.2 139.5
T3 4.71 18.5 65.2 20.5 193.1
T4 6.79 16.4 75.7 31.1 122.7
T5 6.47 18.6 86.8 20.2 223.2

Table 2

Effects of aerial seeding period on yield and its components of winter rapeseed"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 秸秆量
Straw biomass (kg/hm2)		 密度（株/m2）
Density (plant/m2)		 单株角果数
Siliques per plant		 每角粒数
Number of seeds per silique		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
CK 1256d 4184d 20c 257d 24b 3.17c
T1 2981b 8674b 20c 394b 21c 3.24b
T2 2450c 7116c 28a 325c 22c 3.01d
T3 3391a 9462a 19c 481a 26a 3.26ab
T4 3442a 8975a 17d 429ab 25a 3.45a
T5 3125ab 8793ab 23b 453a 22c 3.28ab

Table 3

Effects of aerial seeding period on growth indexes of winter rapeseed at ripening stage"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 分枝高度
Branch height
(cm)		 根颈粗
Diameter of the
root-collar (cm)		 一次分枝数
Number of
primary branches		 分枝角果数
Siliques per
branch		 主序角果数
Siliques per main
inflorescence
CK 142b 66b 1.35c 4d 63e 47c
T1 144b 65b 1.47b 5d 71d 55b
T2 132c 53d 1.16d 5c 81c 56b
T3 158a 61c 1.74a 6b 111b 68a
T4 144b 71a 1.57b 7a 128a 64a
T5 138c 67ab 1.58b 6b 92b 57b

Fig.2

Nutrients uptake of N, P and K in shoot of winter oilseed rape under different treatments Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) level, the same below."

Table 4

Effects of aerial seeding period on winter oilseed rape quality %"

处理Treatment 芥酸Erucic acid 硫苷Thioglycoside 含油量Oil content 蛋白质Protein 高油酸High oleic acid 亚油酸linoleic acid
CK 1.65a 20.4a 42.5c 20.4b 47.6c 13.3d
T1 1.31ab 18.6a 50.8a 21.7b 62.8a 18.4a
T2 1.27b 18.2ab 51.4a 22.7b 58.2ab 15.5c
T3 1.26b 14.9c 50.7a 20.6b 56.5b 18.3a
T4 1.12c 17.3b 46.5b 22.1ab 55.8b 16.4b
T5 1.23b 15.7c 49.3ab 23.6a 60.3a 16.1b

Table 5

"

处理
Treatment		 生产资料费用Production cost 作业费用Operating cost
种子
Seed		 化肥
Fertiliser		 农药
Pesticide		 播种
Seeding		 整田
Soil preparation		 开沟
Furrow		 飞防
Flight prevention		 机收
Mechanic harvesting
CK 360 0 150 150 0 450 150 750
T1 180 2100 150 600 750 450 150 750
T2 360 2100 150 150 0 450 150 750
T3 360 2100 150 150 750 450 150 750
T4 360 2100 150 150 750 450 150 750
T5 360 2100 150 150 750 450 150 750

Fig.3

Effects of aerial seeding period on the economic benefits of winter rapeseed planting Rapeseed price is 6.4 yuan/kg; net income=output-input; production/input ratio=output/input."

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