Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 153-161.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.06.021

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Effects of Organic Matter Application Rate on Yield and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrient Absorption and Utilization in Potato

Yang Xinyue1,2(), Xiang Ying1,2, Chen Ziheng1,2, Lin Qian1,2, Deng Zhenpeng1,2, Zhou Keyou3, Li Mingcong3, Wang Jichun1,2()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    2Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400715, China
    3Wuxi Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Chongqing 405800, China
  • Received:2024-01-17 Revised:2024-03-08 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-05

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Abstract:

To investigate the features of potato nutrient absorption and utilization (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) after adding organic matter, two experimental sites with significant variations in basal fertility were selected. Five organic matter dosage levels were established: 0 (T1), 975 (T2), 1950 (T3), 2925 (T4) and 3900 kg/ha (T5), with no fertilizer application (T0) serving as the control. The medium-late ripening variety Qingshu 9 was used to examine soil nutrient content, microbial population, potato yield, dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption and utilization. The results showed that the increase of organic matter could effectively improve the soil nutrient content and soil microbial population. With the increase of organic matter, potato yield, nutrient accumulation, nutrient utilization rate, fertilizer contribution rate, partial factor productivity and soil bacteria to fungi ratio showed increase first and then decrease, and all of them were higher in the high base fertility experimental site than those in the low base fertility. The highest potato yields were obtained when 975 and 1950 kg/ha of organic matter were applied in the experimental site of Xiema (with high base fertility) and Jianshan (with low base fertility), which increased yield by 11.84% and 8.22% compared with T1 treatment, respectively. Overall, there was a greater noticeable impact of organic matter on fertilizer utilization rate, partial factor productivity and fertilizer contribution rate. A higher yield of potato is more likely to obtain in relatively high soil fertility. Adding too much or too little organic matter is not conductive to the nutrient absorption and yield formation of potatoes.

Key words: Potato, Organic matter, Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient, Nutrient absorption and utilization, Yield

Table 1

Soil basic fertility in experimental field"

地点
Site		 土壤类型
Soil type		 碱解氮
Alkaline-hydrolytic N (mg/kg)		 有效磷
Available P (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K (mg/kg)		 有机质
Organic matter (g/kg)		 pH
歇马Xiema 沙壤土 96.13 95.49 130.33 34.51 5.48
尖山Jianshan 沙壤土 22.63 7.29 67.92 9.28 6.52

Table 2

Experimental treatments and fertilization amount kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 施用量Application amount 总有效养分量折算Total effective nutrient conversion
有机肥Organic fertilizer N P2O5 K2O 有机质Organic matter N P2O5 K2O
T0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T1 0 225 113 300 0 225 113 300
T2 1875 214 84 298 975 225 113 300
T3 3750 203 56 296 1950 225 113 300
T4 5625 191 28 294 2925 225 113 300
T5 7500 180 0 293 3900 225 113 300

Table 3

Effects of different organic matter application rate on soil nutrient"

地点
Site		 处理
Treatment		 碱解氮
Alkaline-hydrolytic N (mg/kg)		 速效磷
Available P (mg/kg)		 有效钾
Available K (mg/kg)		 有机质
Organic matter (g/kg)
歇马Xiema T0 18.20±0.57d 10.77±0.37b 130.47±4.74c 8.36±0.46e
T1 20.37±1.15c 12.41±0.68a 148.59±6.17b 8.18±0.05e
T2 21.23±1.19c 12.75±0.53a 151.00±3.83b 9.54±0.12d
T3 23.10±1.71b 13.29±0.96a 157.91±6.45ab 11.60±0.04c
T4 25.43±1.19a 13.58±0.19a 164.11±10.80ab 13.19±0.02b
T5 25.67±0.66a 13.76±1.18a 170.18±3.72a 14.41±0.15a
尖山Jianshan T0 73.53±2.10c 56.10±4.98c 65.88±1.29c 33.28±2.45f
T1 83.30±2.62b 65.94±7.60bc 124.04±6.20b 34.26±0.02e
T2 84.70±3.96b 60.60±5.06bc 139.16±8.10ab 35.58±0.43d
T3 85.63±3.81ab 72.90±6.94b 156.28±13.50a 36.66±0.48c
T4 90.07±3.72ab 88.93±7.88a 154.21±13.02a 37.29±0.02b
T5 93.80±5.24a 95.78±5.68a 153.59±1.33a 38.46±0.40a

Table 4

Effects of different organic matter application rate on soil microbial community"

处理
Treatment		 歇马Xiema 尖山Jianshan
放线菌
Actinomycetes
(×105/g)		 细菌
Bacteria
(×106/g)		 真菌
Fungi
(×103/g)		 放线菌
Actinomycetes
(×105/g)		 细菌
Bacteria
(×106/g)		 真菌
Fungi
(×103/g)
T0 10.33±1.53c 6.33±6.33d 15.33±1.53c 15.33±1.53c 13.33±1.53c 28.67±1.53cd
T1 11.33±1.53c 7.67±1.53cd 18.33±0.57ab 16.67±1.53bc 13.67±0.58bc 30.67±1.53ab
T2 12.00±1.00bc 9.33±1.53bc 16.67±1.53bc 18.67±1.53ab 15.67±0.58a 29.00±2.00cd
T3 13.33±0.58b 12.00±12.00a 19.33±1.53a 19.67±2.08a 16. 67±1.53a 27.67±1.52d
T4 15.67±1.53a 8.67±8.67bc 17.00±1.00bc 20.00±1.00a 15.67±1.53a 29.67±0.57bc
T5 13.33±1.53b 10.00±10.00b 19.33±1.53a 21.33±2.08a 15.33±2.52ab 31.33±1.53a

Fig.1

Effects of different organic matter application rate on ratio of soil bacteria to fungi Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments at P < 0.05 level, the same below."

Table 5

"

地点
Site		 处理
Treatment		 根干重
Root dry weight		 茎干重
Stem dry weight		 叶干重
Leaf dry weight		 块茎干重
Tuber dry weight		 总干物质积累
Total dry matter accumulation
歇马Xiema T0 0.20±0.04d 7.54±3.10c 9.33±2.95d 44.10±3.20d 61.17±6.36d
T1 0.43±0.02c 36.98±2.20b 19.61±2.34c 71.32±5.51bc 128.34±1.12c
T2 0.54±0.05a 44.15±7.04a 27.96±0.70a 91.93±8.18a 164.58±12.74a
T3 0.52±0.05ab 38.82±2.36ab 26.68±0.75ab 84.68±8.72ab 150.71±10.33ab
T4 0.45±0.04abc 42.26±6.16ab 25.35±1.23ab 74.87±2.88bc 142.93±6.10bc
T5 0.44±0.02bc 37.38±2.43b 23.32±2.75b 67.65±7.85c 128.79±5.44c
尖山Jianshan T0 0.34±0.11c 6.69±2.49d 6.02±0.45c 72.60±7.90c 85.64±7.56c
T1 0.61±0.07b 28.30±1.55b 10.48±1.22b 83.35±2.68b 122.75±1.77b
T2 0.81±0.05a 32.65±1.95a 13.80±0.80a 91.29±4.97ab 138.54±3.34a
T3 0.85±0.03a 32.38±1.89a 13.30±1.54a 97.50±1.35a 144.02±2.71a
T4 0.82±0.09a 30.22±0.97ab 8.78±0.56b 98.10±8.48a 137.91±9.97a
T5 0.53±0.11b 20.92±0.40c 9.12±1.75b 84.87±5.73b 115.44±6.35b

Table 6

Effects of different organic matter application rate on potato yield kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 歇马Xiema 尖山Jianshan
产量Yield 淀粉产量Starch yield 产量Yield 淀粉产量Starch yield
T0 21 187±1132e 5196±340e 19 403±959e 4215±255d
T1 38 955±896c 9055±255cd 35 202±1618b 6629±373b
T2 43 567±1229a 10 349±357a 36 739±797ab 7301±194a
T3 41 655±441b 9727±126b 38 096±1263a 7502±304a
T4 40 891±896b 9415±252bc 30 675±310c 6017±74c
T5 37 139±633d 8657±180d 27 959±1306d 5673±324c

Table 7

Effects of different organic matter application rate on nutrient accumulation of potato kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 歇马Xiema 尖山Jianshan
N P K N P K
T0 27.40±4.61e 6.65±0.83d 55.00±9.68d 45.29±3.50e 9.61±0.91e 66.87±7.03c
T1 111.96±5.76d 15.85±0.25c 169.60±5.47c 127.25±1.19c 14.71±0.18d 150.79±2.24b
T2 163.19±6.57a 22.97±0.63a 231.21±6.95a 142.12±4.21b 20.72±0.55b 200.55±7.05a
T3 145.67±8.90b 20.07±1.31b 216.07±12.60b 156.67±2.43a 25.54±0.65a 198.58±5.08a
T4 129.42±9.09c 20.04±1.46b 210.50±9.71b 128.51±10.20c 18.94±1.56c 189.17±13.43a
T5 107.56±5.70d 17.18±0.54c 177.75±3.87c 111.37±7.80d 14.54±0.93d 149.81±7.93b

Table 8

Effects of different organic matter application on nutrient utilization rate of potato %"

处理
Treatment		 歇马Xiema 尖山Jianshan
氮肥利用率
N utilizing rate		 磷肥利用率
P utilizing rate		 钾肥利用率
K utilizing rate		 氮肥利用率
N utilizing rate		 磷肥利用率
P utilizing rate		 钾肥利用率
K utilizing rate
T1 37.58±1.27c 18.77±1.24b 46.02±1.69b 36.42±1.03c 10.42±1.25d 33.70±2.56b
T2 55.91±3.38a 30.59±2.11a 66.03±3.49a 43.03±2.58b 22.67±2.32b 53.69±4.59a
T3 52.57±1.94a 27.38±1.26a 62.74±4.77a 49.50±1.74a 32.52±1.42a 52.90±3.34a
T4 45.35±1.66b 27.32±1.38a 65.13±3.52a 36.98±2.82c 19.06±1.38c 49.12±2.73a
T5 35.63±1.61c 21.49±1.33b 49.30±2.49b 29.37±2.97d 10.07±1.34d 33.31±2.65b

Table 9

Effects of different organic matter application rate on partial productivity of fertilizer kg/kg"

处理
Treatment		 歇马Xiema 尖山Jianshan
氮肥偏生产力
N partial
productivity		 磷肥偏生产力
P partial
productivity		 钾肥偏生产力
K partial
productivity		 氮肥偏生产力
N partial
productivity		 磷肥偏生产力
P partial
productivity		 钾肥偏生产力
K partial
productivity
T1 173.13±3.98c 346.26±7.97c 129.85±2.99c 156.45±7.19b 312.90±14.39b 117.34±5.40b
T2 193.63±5.47a 387.26±10.93a 145.22±4.10a 163.28±3.54ab 326.56±7.09ab 122.46±2.66ab
T3 185.13±1.96b 370.27±3.93b 138.85±1.47b 169.32±5.61a 338.63±11.23a 126.99±4.21a
T4 181.74±3.98b 363.47±7.97b 136.30±2.99b 136.33±1.38c 272.67±2.76c 102.25±1.04c
T5 165.06±2.81c 330.12±5.63c 123.80±2.11c 124.26±5.81d 248.53±11.61d 93.20±4.35d

Fig.2

Effects of different organic matter application rate on the fertilizer contribution rate"

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