Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 20-27.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.02.004

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Mechanism and Regulation in Spikelet Degeneration of Rice

Jiayan Sheng,Weiyang Zhang,Zhiqin Wang,Jianchang Yang   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2018-11-01 Revised:2018-12-17 Online:2019-04-15 Published:2019-04-12
  • Contact: Jianchang Yang

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Abstract:

The phenomenon of spikelet degeneration is very common in developmental processes of rice, which is a major factor limiting grain yield. Spikelet degeneration is regulated both by genetics, physiology and environment factors. In the previous work, rice spikelet degeneration quantitative trait loci (QTL) distributed on chromosomes 1 to 11 have been mapped using different genetic mapping populations, however, the contribution rate of these QTLs to spikelet degeneration is small; many candidate genes for spikelet degradation have been identified using mutant materials, and 3 of them were successfully cloned, but their molecular mechanism remains unclear. There are many explanations about the physiological and biochemical mechanism on the spikelet degeneration, including resource limitation, self-organization, and chemical regulation. However, convincing evidences are still lacking to support the hypotheses. Recent studies have shown that low content of brassinosteroids (BRs) and polyamines (PAs) and a high ethylene level in young rice panicles during panicle development especially during meiosis are closely associated with spikelet degeneration, and spikelet degeneration could be decreased through increases in BRs and PAs levels and the ratio of PAs to ethylene. Another important reason for rice spikelet degeneration is low levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and energy charge and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to injury of membrane lipid peroxidation and programmed cell death in spikelets, resulting in spikelet degeneration. An appropriate increase in contents of nitrogen or BRs in plants during meiosis through cultivation practices can enhance energy and decrease ROS levels, and consequently reduce spikelet degeneration. Further investigations are needed to deeply understand the mechanism underlying spikelet degeneration and regulation approaches from the internal factors of spikelets (genetic factors, physiological and biochemical factors), from the whole plant level, cultivation practices and environmental conditions, so that the difficult scientific problem of spikelet degeneration may be solved.

Key words: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), Spikelet degeneration, Chemical regulation

Fig.1

Relationship between nitrogen content in plant at pollen mother cell meiosis and spikelet degeneration rate"

Fig.2

Relationship between brassinosteroid content in rice panicles at pollen mother cell meiosis and spikelet degeneration rate"

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