Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 106-113.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.04.018

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Annual Precipitation and Population Density on Tiller-Earing and Yield of Zhangzagu 5 under Film Mulching and Hole Sowing

Huang Xuefang,Huang Mingjing,Liu Huatao,Zhao Cong,Wang Juanling   

  1. Arid Farming Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2018-03-14 Revised:2018-04-10 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-08-23

RichHTML

4

PDF (PC)

127

Abstract:

Millet variety Zhangzagu 5 (Z5) was used as a testing material under the film mulching and bunch planting condition. The experiment design was: 12 treatments which included three levels that were 4.95, 7.50, 15.00 ten thousands holes of per hm 2 (TTH/hm 2) and four levels that were 1, 2, 3, 4 plants per hole (P/H). The effect of different annual precipitation and population density on tiller-earing and yield of millet were studied. Results showed that the relationship between yield and population density of Z5 was linear and platform correlated. Within the range of 4.75 to 11.97TTH/hm 2, millet yields increased with population density linearly, within the wide range of 13.56-47.25TTH/hm 2,the response of yield was insensitive to population density and fluctuated in a narrow platform range. When the population density differed 9.88-10.59 times, the number of panicles and grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight of Z5 were different by 2.58-3.87 and 2.06-3.00 and 1.03-1.05 times, respectively. With the increase of population density, number of tillers and spikes and percent of tiller-earing were all decreased, the highest population density treatment was less by 2.3-5.2 and 2.8-4.9 and 37.2%-47.7% than the lowest treatment, respectively. When population density was the same, the more tillers and spikes could be formed by increasing holes per hm 2 than that by increasing plants in the hole. Yield of Z5 increased by 20.3% in wet year than the drought year, the reasons were spikes and 1000-grain weight all increased significantly. In wet year, the treatment yield of Z5 that combined 7.50TTH/hm 2 and 4P/H was the highest and increased by 3.9%-27.1% than others; in drought year, the treatment yield of Z5 that combined 15.00TTH/hm 2 and 1P/H was the highest and increased by 0.1%-30.5% than others, and the treatment that combined 7.50TTH/hm 2 and 4P/H took the second place.

Key words: Zhangzagu 5, Population density, Precipition years, Hole sowing, Yield

Table 1

The comparison between precipitation in the millet growth season in 2014 and 2015 and annual mean precipitation mm"

年份
Year		 5月
May		 6月
June		 7月
July		 8月
August		 9月
September		 5月-9月
May to September		 降水年型
Precipition year
多年平均降雨量Annual mean precipitati 33.2 57.0 102.9 103.7 62.2 359.0 -
降雨量Amount of precipitation 2014 40.0 32.4 79.8 47.8 78.4 278.4 干旱年Drought year
2015 49.1 44.1 90.0 129.6 104.0 416.8 偏丰水年Slight plenty rainfall year

Table 2

Effects of precipitation year on yield and its component of millet variety Zhangzagu 5"

降水年型
Precipition year		 生物产量
(kg/hm2)
Biological yield		 子粒产量
(kg/hm2)
Grain yield		 单位面积穗数
(×104/hm2)
Spike number		 穗粒数
Grains
per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain
weight		 出子率(%)
Seed rate		 收获指数
Harvest index
干旱年(D) Drought year 11 681B 5 303B 48.4B 4 254A 2.88b 81.9A 0.45a
偏丰水年(S) Slight plenty rainfall year 15 588A 6 382A 56.9A 3 785B 3.10a 71.7B 0.41b
(S-D)/D 33.4% 20.3% 17.5% -11.0% 7.6% -12.5% -8.9%

Table 3

Effects of precipitation year on tillering and spike number of millet variety Zhangzagu 5"

降水年型
Precipition year		 密度
(×104/hm2)
Density		 单位面积茎蘖数
(×104/hm2)
Stem number		 单位面积穗数
(×104/hm2)
Spike number		 每苗分蘖
Tillers per seedling		 每苗穗数
Spikes
per seedling		 分蘖成穗率(%)
Tiller-earing rate
干旱年Drought year 20.3 60.4 48.4 2.0 2.4 70.2
偏丰水年Slight plenty rainfall year 19.8 77.8 56.9 2.9 2.9 64.0

Fig.1

The response of millet variety Zhangzagu 5 yield to population density under plastic mulching and hole sowing"

Fig.2

The yield comparison between different hole numbers and seedling number per hole treatments in drought year||| Different small letters mean significant difference at 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.3

The yield comparison between different hole numbers and seedling number per hole treatments in slight plenty rainfall year"

Table 4

Effects of different population density on yield components of millet variety Zhangzagu 5"

处理
Treatment		 干旱年份Drought year 偏丰水年份Slight plenty rainfall year
密度
(×104/hm2)
Density		 单位面积穗数
(×104/hm2)
Spike number		 穗粒数
Grains
per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain
weight		 密度
(×104/hm2)
Density		 单位面积穗数
(×104/hm2)
Spike number		 穗粒数
Grains
per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain
weight
T1S1 4.75 20.92i 7 028a 2.93a 4.78 32.22h 5 359a 3.16a
T1S2 10.19 32.83gh 5 589b 2.91ab 9.67 41.78gh 4 626b 3.16a
T1S3 14.69 36.59fgh 5 234bc 2.88ab 13.22 46.00efg 4 318bc 3.15a
T1S4 19.13 45.92ef 4 082de 2.89ab 18.22 52.22ef 3 910cd 3.10ab
T2S1 7.31 28.67hi 5 203bc 2.91ab 7.00 44.45fg 4 361bc 3.13a
T2S2 14.13 41.00efg 4 684cd 2.89ab 13.33 50.89efg 3 902cd 3.09ab
T2S3 20.44 51.75de 3 767e 2.86ab 19.33 63.78cd 3 793de 3.07ab
T2S4 26.75 57.42cd 3 433ef 2.85b 28.00 66.23c 3 530ef 3.08ab
T3S1 13.31 46.17ef 4 205de 2.89ab 14.00 55.11de 3 656def 3.09ab
T3S2 26.06 67.25bc 2 790fg 2.87ab 26.11 69.34bc 2 885g 3.10ab
T3S3 36.13 71.84ab 2 698fg 2.89ab 36.78 78.00ab 2 605g 3.01b
T3S4 50.32 81.00a 2 341g 2.85b 47.25 83.12a 2 605g 3.03b
T1平均T1 average 12.19 34.06c 5 483a 2.90a 11.47 43.06c 4 553a 3.14a
T2平均T2 average 17.16 44.71b 4 272b 2.88a 16.92 56.34b 3 896b 3.09a
T3平均T3 average 31.45 66.57a 3 008c 2.87a 31.04 71.39a 2 938c 3.06a
S1平均S1 average 8.46 31.92d 5 479a 2.91a 8.59 43.93c 4 459a 3.13a
S2平均S2 average 16.79 47.03c 4 354b 2.89ab 16.37 54.00b 3 804b 3.12a
S3平均S3 average 23.75 53.39b 3 899c 2.88ab 23.11 62.60a 3 572c 3.08a
S4平均S4 average 32.06 61.45a 3 285d 2.86b 31.16 67.19a 3 348c 3.07a

Table 5

Effects of different population density on tillering and tiller-earing of millet variety Zhangzagu 5"

处理
Treatment		 干旱年份Drought year 偏丰水年份Slight plenty rainfall year
密度
(×104/hm2)
Density		 每苗分蘖
Tillers per
seedling		 每苗穗数
Spikes per
seedling		 分蘖成穗率(%)
Tiller-earing rate		 密度
(×104/hm2)
Density		 每苗分蘖
Tillers per
seedling		 每苗穗数
Spikes per
seedling		 分蘖成穗率(%)
Tiller-earing rate
T1S1 4.75 3.5a 4.4a 98.3 4.78 6.8a 6.7a 83.8
T1S2 10.19 2.7bc 3.2cd 81.5 9.67 4.2c 4.3b 78.5
T1S3 14.69 2.0de 2.5efg 75.0 13.22 3.3d 3.5cd 74.9
T1S4 19.13 1.7ef 2.4fg 81.1 18.22 2.7def 2.9ef 68.9
T2S1 7.31 3.3a 3.9b 88.0 7.00 6.4a 6.3a 83.4
T2S2 14.13 2.5cd 2.9de 76.0 13.33 4.2c 3.8bcd 67.5
T2S3 20.44 2.0de 2.5ef 75.0 19.33 2.9de 3.3de 78.6
T2S4 26.75 1.6ef 2.1fg 68.8 28.00 2.2efg 2.4fgh 61.9
T3S1 13.31 3.1ab 3.5bc 80.6 14.00 5.3b 3.9bc 55.6
T3S2 26.06 2.4cd 2.6ef 66.0 26.11 3.2d 2.7fg 51.9
T3S3 36.13 1.9e 2.0gh 52.4 36.78 2.1fg 2.1gh 53.7
T3S4 50.32 1.2f 1.6h 50.6 47.25 1.6g 1.8h 46.6

Fig.4

Effects of population density on tillers per seedling of millet variety Zhangzagu 5 (drought year)"

Fig.5

Effects of population density on spikes per seedling of millet variety Zhangzagu 5 (drought year)"

[1] 王计平 . 谷子科学种植技术. 北京: 中国社会出版社, 2006: 1-2.
[2] Fatondji D, Martius C, Bielders C L , et al. Effect of planting technique and amendment type on pearl millet yield,nutrient uptake,and water use on degraded land in Niger. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2006,76(2), 203-217.
[3] 刁现民 . 中国谷子生产与产业发展方向. //柴岩,万世富. 中国小杂粮产业发展报告. 北京:中国农业科学技术出版社, 2007: 32-43.
[4] 吴国忠, 杨天育, 黄毓玮 . 谷子地膜覆盖栽培试验研究初报. 甘肃农业科技, 1992(2):10-13.
[5] 郭志利, 古世禄 . 覆膜栽培方式对谷子(粟)产量及效益的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2000,18(2):33-39.
[6] 蒋骏, 王俊鹏, 贾志宽 . 宁南旱地谷子地膜穴播栽培试验初报. 干旱地区农业研究, 1999,17(2):31-36.
[7] 张德奇, 廖允成, 贾志宽 , 等. 宁南旱区谷子集水保水技术效应研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2006,14(4):51-53.
[8] 杨红梅, 石龙, 王建共 . 春谷子地膜覆盖栽培试验研究. 山西农业科学, 2008,36(1):70-72.
[9] 赵荣华, 黄明镜, 李萍 . 旱地谷子休闲期地膜覆盖垄作效应研究. 生态农业研究, 1998,6(3):30-32.
[10] 张文英, 赵治海, 杜贵 , 等. 谷子地膜覆盖栽培技术研究. 中国农学通报, 1999,15(5):62-63.
doi: 10.1002/phbl.19690250904
[11] 金胜利 . 旱地谷子不同覆膜栽培模式试验结果初报. 甘肃农业科技, 2004(11):23-24.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2004.11.010
[12] 李永平, 刘世新, 贾志宽 , 等. 垄沟集水种植对土壤有效蓄水量及谷子生长、光合特性的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,35(10):163-167.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-9387.2007.10.032
[13] 卢贵山 . 定西地区旱地谷子地膜穴播增产效应及栽培要点. 甘肃农业科技, 1998(3):29-30.
[14] 吴洁 . 超级杂交谷:推广之路有多远. 科技日报, 2008- 10-15(001).
[15] 韩浩坤, 杜伟建, 苗泽杰 , 等. 杂交谷子主要农艺性状及产量构成因素分析. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2013,33(1):46-49.
[16] Dong B D, Liu M Y, Jiang J W , et al. Growth,grain yield,and water use efficiency of rain-fed spring hybrid millet (Setaria italica) in plastic-mulched and unmulched fields. Agriculture Water Management, 2014,143(9):93-101.
doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2014.06.011
[17] 姜净卫, 董宝娣, 司福艳 , 等. 地膜覆盖对杂交谷子光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2014,32(6):154-159.
doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2014.06.026
[18] 郭大辛, 郭平毅, 原向阳 , 等. 地膜覆盖对杂交谷生长发育及农艺性状的影响. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2016,36(2):111-115.
[19] 郭瑞锋, 任月梅, 杨忠 , 等. 春谷早熟区谷子种植密度对植株性状及产量的影响研究. 农学学报, 2015,5(9):7-11.
[20] 栾素荣, 张玲, 王艳芝 , 等. 种植密度对常规谷子产量及群体特征的影响. 河北农业科学, 2013,129(3):7-11.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1088-1631.2013.03.001
[21] 刘恩魁, 刘环, 张德荣 , 等. 谷子种植密度对产量的影响. 农业科技通讯, 2013(3):71-75.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6400.2013.03.026
[22] 刘正理, 程汝宏, 张凤莲 , 等. 不同密度条件下3种类型谷子品种产量及其构成要素变化特征研究. 中国农业生态学报, 2007,15(5):141-144.
[23] 杨延兵, 秦岭, 陈二影 , 等. 播期和密度对强分蘖谷子书香1号农艺性状和产量的影响. 山东农业科学, 2016,48(8):34-37.
[24] 樊修武, 池宝亮 . 谷子杂交种与常规种水分利用效率及耗水规律差异. 山西农业科学, 2011,39(5):428-431.
[25] 杨艳君, 赵红梅, 邵青玲 , 等. 谷子杂交种与常规种光合和叶绿素荧光特性的比较. 作物杂志, 2015(3):146-149.
doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2015.03.028
[26] 杨天育, 何继红, 董孔军 , 等. 旱地谷子地膜覆盖栽培技术的研究与实践. 中国农学通报, 2010,26(1):86-90.
[27] 张野, 王显瑞, 赵禹凯 , 等. 覆膜对谷子农艺性状、产量及土壤物理性质的影响. 作物杂志, 2012(5):153-158.
[28] 杨延兵, 秦岭, 高凤菊 , 等. 穴距与单穴株数对夏谷产量及相关性状的影响. 山东农业科学, 2012,44(10):58-60.
[1] Zhao Xin, Chen Shaofeng, Wang Hui, . Research on the Yield and Quality of Different Tartaty#br# Buckwheat Varieties in Northern Shanxi Area [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 27-32.
[2] Wu Ronghua, Zhuang Kezhang, Liu Peng, Zhang Chunyan. Response of Summer Maize Yield to#br# Meteorological Factors in Lunan Region [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 104-109.
[3] Su Feifei, Zhang Jinghua, Li Yong, Liu Shangwu, Liu Zhenyu, Wang Shaopeng, Wan Shuming, Chen Xi, Gao Yunfei, Hu Linshuang, Lü Dianqiu. Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on#br# Physiological Characteristics and Water#br# Use Efficiency of Potato [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 97-103.
[4] Zhang Ruidong, Cao Xiong, Yue Zhongxiao, . Effects of Nitrogen and Density Interaction on Grain#br# Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sorghum [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 110-115.
[5] An Xia, Zhang Haijun, Jiang Fangshan, Lü Lianjie, Chen Jun. Effects of Different Sowing Dates and Sowing#br# Densities on the Population Structure and#br# Yield of Two Spike Type Winter Wheats [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 132-136.
[6] Gao Wenjun, Yang Guoyi, Gao Xinzhong, Yu Zhu, . The Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, or Potassium#br# Fertilizer on the Yield and Silage Quality of Maize [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 144-149.
[7] Wang Xiaolin, Ji Xiaoling, Zhang Panpan, Zhang Xiong, Zhang Jing. Correlation Analysis between Aboveground Biomass#br# Allocation and Grain Yield in Different Varieties of#br# Foxtail Millet in the Dry Land of Loess Plateau [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 150-155.
[8] Mei Lu,Min Sun,Aixia Ren,Miaomiao Lei,Lingzhu Xue,Zhiqiang Gao. Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizers on Dryland Wheat Growth and the Correlation with Yield Formation [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 121-125.
[9] Xiaofei Wang,Haijun Xu,Mengqiao Guo,Yu Xiao,Xinyu Cheng,Shuxia Liu,Xiangjun Guan,Yaokun Wu,Weihua Zhao,Guojiang Wei. Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Fertilizer Utilization Rate on the Yield of Oilseed Perilla frutescens in Cold Area [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 126-130.
[10] Jie Gao,Qingfeng Li,Qiu Peng,Xiaoyan Jiao,Jinsong Wang. Effects of Different Nutrient Combinations on Plant Production and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Utilization Characteristics in Waxy Sorghum [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 138-142.
[11] Na Shang,Zhongxu Yang,Qiuzhi Li,Huihui Yin,Shihong Wang,Haitao Li,Tong Li,Han Zhang. Response of Cotton with Vegetative Branches to Plant Density in the Western of Shandong Province [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 143-148.
[12] Huiqin Wen,Tianling Cheng,Ziyou Pei,Xue Li,Lisheng Zhang,Mei Zhu. Analysis of Comprehensive Characteristics of Wheat Varieties Registered in Shanxi Province in Recent Years [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 32-36.
[13] Menghan Wei, Huifang Xie, Lu Xing, Hui Song, Shujun Wang, Suying Wang, Haiping Liu, Nan Fu, Jinrong Liu. Comprehensive Evaluation of Yield and Agronomic Characters of Foxtail Millet Germplasms from North China [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 42-47.
[14] Xingchuan Zhang, Wenxuan Huang, Kuanyu Zhu, Zhiqin Wang, Jianchang Yang. Effects of Nitrogen Rates on the Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Agronomic Traits of Different Rice Cultivars [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 69-78.
[15] Fei Yang,Wenli Ma,Yongwei Chen,Zhansheng Zhang,Hao Wang. The Effects of Uniform Sowing and Drip Irrigation on the Spike Differentiation and Yield of Spring Wheat [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 84-88.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Guangcai Zhao,Xuhong Chang,Demei Wang,Zhiqiang Tao,Yanjie Wang,Yushuang Yang,Yingjie Zhu. General Situation and Development of Wheat Production[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 1 -7 .
[2] Baoquan Quan,Dongmei Bai,Yuexia Tian,Yunyun Xue. Effects of Different Leaf-Peg Ratio on Photosynthesis and Yield of Peanut[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 102 -105 .
[3] Wenhui Huang, Hui Wang, Desheng Mei. Research Progress on Lodging Resistance of Crops[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 13 -19 .
[4] Yun Zhao,Cailong Xu,Xu Yang,Suzhen Li,Jing Zhou,Jicun Li,Tianfu Han,Cunxiang Wu. Effects of Sowing Methods on Seedling Stand and Production Profit of Summer Soybean under Wheat-Soybean System[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 114 -120 .
[5] Mei Lu,Min Sun,Aixia Ren,Miaomiao Lei,Lingzhu Xue,Zhiqiang Gao. Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizers on Dryland Wheat Growth and the Correlation with Yield Formation[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 121 -125 .
[6] Xiaofei Wang,Haijun Xu,Mengqiao Guo,Yu Xiao,Xinyu Cheng,Shuxia Liu,Xiangjun Guan,Yaokun Wu,Weihua Zhao,Guojiang Wei. Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Fertilizer Utilization Rate on the Yield of Oilseed Perilla frutescens in Cold Area[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 126 -130 .
[7] Pengjin Zhu,Xinhua Pang,Chun Liang,Qinliang Tan,Lin Yan,Quanguang Zhou,Kewei Ou. Effects of Cold Stress on Reactive Oxygen Metabolism and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Sugarcane Seedlings[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 131 -137 .
[8] Jie Gao,Qingfeng Li,Qiu Peng,Xiaoyan Jiao,Jinsong Wang. Effects of Different Nutrient Combinations on Plant Production and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Utilization Characteristics in Waxy Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 138 -142 .
[9] Na Shang,Zhongxu Yang,Qiuzhi Li,Huihui Yin,Shihong Wang,Haitao Li,Tong Li,Han Zhang. Response of Cotton with Vegetative Branches to Plant Density in the Western of Shandong Province[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 143 -148 .
[10] Hongyan Li,Yonghong Wang,Rulang Zhao,Wenjie Zhang,Bo Ming,Ruizhi Xie,Keru Wang,Lulu Li,Shang Gao,Shaokun Li. The Construction and Application of Maize Grain Dehydration Model in Yellow River Irrigation and Pumping Irrigation District in Ningxia[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 149 -153 .