Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 97-103.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.013

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Studies on Plant Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of High Nitrogen Absorption in Brassica napus L.

Zou Xiaoyun1,2(), Guan Mei2, Guan Chunyun2()   

  1. 1Institute of Crops of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Oil Crops Biology Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China
    2Oil Crops Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University/ Hunan Branch of National Oil Crops Improvement Center, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
  • Received:2021-07-21 Revised:2021-10-22 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-19

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the morphological and physiological mechanism of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with high nitrogen (N) absorption, six varieties with significantly different nitrogen efficiency were used as test materials, the genotype difference of shoot and root morphology, and characteristics of leaves and roots at bolting stage under the condition of low N application, as well as the relationships between these indexes and high-efficient absorption of nitrogen were analyzed. The results showed that the phenotypic traits (plant height, number of green leaves, length × width of maximum leaf, shoot dry weight, basal stem diameter, root length, root surface area, root volume, root diameter and root dry weight), physiological indexes (soluble sugar content and total free amino acid content of leaves, total absorption area, active absorption area, total free amino acid content of roots and root activity) and photosynthetic characteristics (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency) of the three genotypes with high N nutrient efficiency were higher than those of the three genotypes with low N nutrient efficiency. Root mean diameter, length × width of maximum leaf, transpiration rate and root nitrate reductase were jointly determined 92.10% of nitrogen absorption efficience at bolting stage.

Key words: Brassica napus L., Nitrogen efficiency, Plant morphology, Physiological property

Fig.1

The differences in NAE and yield per plant among different rapeseed genotypes Lowercase letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level"

Table 1

The differences in plant and root morphological traits among rapeseed genotypes"

基因型
Genotype		 SPAD值
SPAD
value		 株高
Plant
height
(cm)		 叶片数
Number
of green
leaves		 最大叶长×宽
Length×width
of maximum
leaf (cm2)		 地上部
干重
Shoot dry
weight (g)		 茎基粗
Basal stem
diameter
(mm)		 主根长
Root
length
(cm)		 根表面积
Root
surface area
(cm2)		 根体积
Root
volume
(cm3)		 根平均直径
Root
diameter
(mm)		 根干重
Root dry
weight
(g)		 根冠比
Root-
shoot
ratio
Monty 58.07a 25.33a 7.50a 72.96a 2.21a 6.31ab 18.48a 130.55a 11.59a 0.96a 1.44a 0.65ab
Surpass 440 55.38a 23.08ab 6.67a 55.28b 2.10a 6.29ab 16.20a 108.15b 9.27ab 0.85ab 1.30ab 0.62b
湘油11号
Xiangyou 11		 50.60ab 18.67bc 7.00a 60.02ab 2.32a 6.35a 15.17ab 104.49b 9.97a 0.83ab 1.44a 0.62b
R210 38.80c 17.43c 4.87b 47.37bc 1.43b 5.33ab 11.37c 50.49d 6.28c 0.68b 1.21ab 0.84a
721 45.78b 19.88bc 6.00ab 59.60ab 2.10a 5.71ab 12.00ab 76.67c 8.57b 0.82ab 1.38ab 0.66ab
华双4号
Huashuang 4		 45.33b 18.50bc 6.00ab 52.34b 1.45b 5.12bc 12.38ab 98.40b 7.30bc 0.80ab 1.14b 0.78a

Table 2

The differences of physiological activities in plant and root among different rapeseed genotypes"

基因型
Genotype		 叶片Leaf 根系Root
过氧化氢酶
Catalase
(U/mg)		 丙二醛
MDA
(mmol/g·FW)		 脯氨酸
Pro
(µg/g)		 可溶性糖含量
SS content (%)		 游离氨基酸总量
Total FAA
(mg/100g)		 吸收总面积
Total absorbed
area (dm2)		 活跃吸收面积
Active absorbed
area (dm2)		 根系活力
Root activity
[µg/(g·h)]		 游离氨基酸总量
Total FAA
(mg/100g)
Monty 0.71a 30.47a 14.43a 23.93a 103.26a 241.32a 149.65a 1121.23a 33.25a
Surpass 440 0.56ab 28.32ab 12.76b 17.10b 98.67a 223.68a 120.38b 1089.36ab 30.47a
湘油11号
Xiangyou 11		 0.48bc 25.12ab 12.90b 18.92ab 95.43a 218.26a 107.89c 1054.26b 31.62a
R210 0.38cd 19.22cd 9.14d 10.16cd 61.27b 148.69c 71.34e 427.45e 18.21c
721 0.42bc 19.74cd 11.10c 12.82c 78.38ab 173.21bc 92.34d 678.39d 25.64b
华双4号
Huashuang 4		 0.38cd 22.23bc 12.24bc 12.00c 82.12ab 184.56b 89.21d 724.36c 26.37b

Table 3

The differences in leaf photosynthesis characters among different rapeseed genotypes"

基因型Genotype Pn [μmol CO2/(m2·s)] Gs [mol H2O/(m2·s)] Ci (μmol CO2/mol) Tr [mmol H2O/(m2·s)] 氮素光合效率Ci/N
Monty 17.70a 0.51a 333.21a 3.15a 7.84a
Surpass 440 16.10ab 0.30b 308.32b 2.95bc 7.99a
湘油11号Xiangyou 11 15.60bc 0.22c 249.14c 3.10ab 6.12b
R210 13.80d 0.14e 182.40d 2.60d 3.64e
721 13.80d 0.20c 237.32c 2.93c 5.05d
华双4号Huashuang 4 14.10cd 0.17d 244.22c 2.72d 5.38c

Table 4

The differences in leaf and root nitrogen metabolic enzymes activities among different rapeseed genotypes"

基因型
Genotype		 NR [μg/(g·h)] GS [μmol/(g·min)] GOGAT [μmol/(g·min)] GDH [μmol/(g·min)]
叶片Leaf 根系Root 叶片Leaf 根系Root 叶片Leaf 根系Root 叶片Leaf 根系Root
Monty 62.38a 12.11a 2.56a 0.96a 113.36a 55.69a 76.85a 96.34a
Surpass 440 57.34b 9.62b 2.21c 0.85b 106.52a 49.35a 75.32a 88.26a
湘油11号Xiangyou 11 56.37b 7.86c 2.37b 0.91ab 99.36b 51.34a 69.87a 91.32a
R210 25.64d 5.34d 1.24e 0.34d 76.32c 19.21c 42.38c 32.12c
721 43.21c 6.21d 1.46d 0.42cd 85.39c 29.32b 53.12b 49.32b
华双4号Huashuang 4 42.01c 5.98d 1.38de 0.51c 88.45c 33.65b 50.68b 46.25b

Table 5

The differences in physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil among different rapeseed genotypes"

基因型
Genotype		 pH 有机质
Organic matter (g/kg)		 碱解氮
Available N (mg/kg)		 有效磷
Available P (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K (mg/kg)		 有效硼
Available B (mg/kg)
Monty 6.33 a 18.40a 137.81a 35.98a 83.01a 0.15b
Surpass 440 6.03b 17.17b 121.73b 36.79a 82.40a 0.16a
湘油11号Xiangyou 11 6.34a 16.86b 137.18a 36.30a 82.83a 0.17a
R210 5.65d 13.91d 103.31d 33.75a 81.91a 0.12c
721 5.71cd 15.24c 112.35c 34.34a 82.31a 0.13c
华双4号Huashuang 4 5.81c 14.28cd 102.74d 34.15a 81.95a 0.13c

Table 6

Correlations of plant and root morphological and physiological traits to NAE among different rapeseed genotypes"

指标Item 相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 指标Item 相关系数
Correlation coefficient
SPAD (X1) 0.95** 根系活力Root activity (X21) 0.91**
株高Plant height (X2) 0.85* Pn (X22) 0.80*
绿叶数Number of green leaves (X3) 0.93** Gs (X23) 0.81*
最大叶长×宽Length×width of maximum leaf (X4) 0.80* Ci (X24) 0.96**
地上部干重Shoot dry weight (X5) 0.86* Tr (X25) 0.82*
茎基粗Basal stem diameter (X6) 0.84* Ci/N (X26) 0.81*
根长Root length (X7) 0.89** 叶片NR活性NR activity in leaves (X27) 0.95**
根表面积Root surface area (X8) 0.96** 根系NR活性NR activity in roots (X28) 0.85*
根体积Root volume (X9) 0.87* 叶片GS GS in leaves (X29) 0.80*
根平均直径Root mean diameter (X10) 0.97** 根系GS GS in roots (X30) 0.82*
根干重Root dry weight (X11) 0.83* 叶片GOGAT GOGAT in leaves (X31) 0.93**
根冠比Root-shoot ratio (X12) -0.78* 根系GOGAT GOGAT in roots (X32) 0.89**
CAT (X13) 0.81* 叶片GDH GDH in leaves (X33) 0.88**
MDA (X14) 0.87* 根系GDH GDH in roots (X34) 0.84*
Pro (X15) 0.96** pH (X35) 0.83*
叶中SS总量Total SS content in leaves (X16) 0.83* 有机质Organic matter (X36) 0.86*
叶中FAA总量Total FAA content in leaves (X17) 0.95** 碱解氮Available N (X37) 0.80*
根系FAA总量Total FAA content in roots (X18) 0.94** 有效磷Available P (X38) 0.75
总根系吸收面积Total absorbed area in roots (X19) 0.92** 速效钾Available K (X39) 0.74
根系活跃吸收面积Active absorbed area in roots (X20) 0.92** 有效硼Available B (X40) 0.64

Table 7

Stepwise regress of shoot and root morphological and physiological traits to NAE among different rapeseed genotypes"

模型
Model		 入选变量
Selected dependent		 回归方程
Regression equation		 标准化偏回归系数
Standardized coefficients		 决定系数
R2
1 X10 Y=-31.683+77.498X10 B(X10)=0.967 0.817**
2 X10,X4 Y=-40.058+124.672X10-0.526X4 B(X10)=1.556,B(X4)=-0.638 0.865**
3
X10,X4,X25
Y=-46.916+120.285X10-0.589X4+4.861X25
B(X10)=1.501,B(X4)=-0.715,
B(X25)=-0.144		 0.902**
4
X10,X4,X25,X28
Y=-47.974+120.285X10-0.603X4+6.466X25+0.455X28
B(X10)=1.499,B(X4)=-0.731,
B(X25)=-0.191,B(X28)=-0.034		 0.921**
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