Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 41-48.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.01.006

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The Molecular Basis of Holding the Feature and Genetic Purity for Maize Inbred Lines

Lu Shanshan,Wu Chenglai,Li Yan,Zhang Chunqing   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai′an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2017-11-19 Revised:2017-12-29 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-08-24

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Abstract:

How to hold the features of maize inbred lines and to improve the genetic purity of inbred lines are important to produce high quality parents and to maintain characteristics of hybrids. But so far, there was not any study on the molecular basis for building the breed-conservation nursery and selecting strains in the propagate process of inbred lines. Three samples of different genetic purity of maize inbred lines were used to survey field traits of generation S2 and S3, and to test the genetic homozygosity on the levels of SSR and SNP after successively inbreeding for three generations, to calculate the required generation number of inbreeding, and to set up the breed-conservation nursery by initial genetic allele homozygosity of inbred lines. The strains, which were uniform with the SSR molecular detection, had many heterozygous loci while detected using SNP maker. With the increase of initial homozygosity, the homozygous efficiency of genetic loci in selecting inbred strains declined. The strains with a higher initial genetic purity were helpful for the rapid homozygosis of genetic locus of progenies. While selecting phenotype characteristics, the characteristics belonging to quality traits and being easier to be homozygosis were selected first, some quantitative characters including the ear length, ear diameter, the number of lateral branches of the first-grade tassel, the number of ear row were selected secondly, and the characteristics which were relatively difficult to be steady, such as the ear height or plant height, the number of grains per row, leaf length, leaf width were selected thirdly in high-generation inbred lines.

Key words: Maize inbred lines, Holding characteristics, SSR molecular markers, SNP molecular markers, Gene homozygosis of inbred lines, Inbred lines characteristics

Table 1

Maize field investigation traits"

编号
Number		 群体目测性状
Population visual trait		 编号
Number		 数量性状（个体）
Quantitative trait (individual)
T1 第一叶鞘花青甙显色 T21 子粒顶端颜色
T2 第一叶顶端形状 T22 子粒背面颜色
T3 叶片弯曲程度 T23 子粒形状
T4 叶片绿色程度 T24 雄穗最低位侧枝以上主轴长度
T5 叶鞘花青甙显色 T25 雄穗最高位侧枝以上主轴长度
T6 雄穗颖片基部花青甙显色 T26 雄穗一级侧枝数目
T7 雄穗颖片除基部外花青甙显色 T27 雄穗侧枝长度
T8 雄穗花药花青甙显色 T28 雄穗侧枝与主轴夹角
T9 雄穗小穗密度 T29 叶片宽度
T10 雄穗侧枝弯曲程度 T30 植株穗位高度
T11 雌穗花丝花青甙显色 T31 植株高度
T12 茎秆“之”字形程度 T32 穗位高与株高比率
T13 茎秆支持根花青甙显色 T33 植株上部叶片与茎秆夹角
T14 抽雄期 T34 植株下部叶片与茎秆夹角
T15 散粉期 T35 果穗长
T16 吐丝期 T36 果穗直径
T17 果穗形状 T37 穗行数
T18 穗轴色 T38 行粒数
T19 果穗子粒颜色数量 T39 叶长
T20 子粒类型

Table 2

Homozygosity of inbred lines of different types and different generations"

自交系
Inbred line		 差异位点数
Different loci number		 纯合度Homozygosity (%) S3多态位点(%)
S3 polymorphism loci
S0 S1 S2 S3
昌7-2 Chang7-2 0 98.80 99.02 99.07 99.10 0.86
1 97.92 98.70 98.92 99.09 1.64
郑58 Zheng58 0 99.00 99.02 99.16 99.21 0.10
1 98.93 99.02 99.03 99.16 1.18
2 98.87 98.98 99.05 99.13 0.65
LX9801 0 95.60 97.83 98.32 98.79 4.93
1 96.65 97.69 98.51 98.88 7.99
2 94.43 96.18 98.34 98.57 8.20
3 92.94 96.06 97.02 97.53 11.53
4 82.45 92.88 95.62 95.71 27.65

Table 3

The uniform of phenotype traits of inbred lines (S2) with different genetic purity %"

自交系
Inbred line		 差异位点数
Different loci number		 调查穗行数
Spike rows		 T24 T25 T26 T27 T29 T30 T31 T32 T33 T34 T28 平均
Average
昌7-2 0 115 91.88 91.30 95.36 88.12 93.22 92.17 92.52 89.04 96.09 91.74 92.75 92.20
Chang7-2 1 38 93.86 97.37 99.12 91.23 93.16 87.37 93.68 85.26 98.68 100.00 96.49 94.20
郑58 0 344 94.09 93.99 97.67 92.15 93.55 99.77 98.95 90.17 94.91 95.20 96.41 95.17
Zheng58 1 81 92.18 93.83 96.71 86.42 93.09 100.00 99.26 90.37 91.36 97.53 97.94 94.43
2 11 93.94 93.94 100.00 84.85 94.55 100.00 100.00 89.09 100.00 100.00 96.97 95.76
LX9801 0 223 91.03 92.38 95.37 90.58 92.20 92.11 90.04 91.12 93.87 94.47 94.32 92.50
1 255 88.37 83.40 93.07 88.10 91.84 89.18 91.22 90.75 93.59 99.48 94.25 91.20
2 108 85.49 86.73 88.89 91.98 89.63 88.89 90.74 87.59 89.20 99.38 97.53 90.55
3 23 76.81 78.26 89.86 79.71 93.91 86.09 92.17 82.61 94.20 100.00 94.20 87.98
4 18 88.89 90.74 79.63 87.04 64.44 92.22 81.11 87.78 77.78 100.00 85.19 84.98

Table 4

Inbred lines consistency degree of the individual measurement traits %"

自交系
Inbred line		 世代
Generation		 差异位点数
Different loci number		 调查穗行数
Spike rows		 T13 T14 T15 T16 T20 T25 T26 T27 T23 T24 T11
昌7-2 S2 0 288 91.29 90.94 89.54 90.59 90.24 86.41 93.73 95.82 98.61 95.82 93.03
Chang7-2 1 70 95.65 94.20 82.61 89.86 92.75 88.84 92.75 92.75 98.55 94.20 91.30
S3 0 115 91.88 91.30 95.36 88.12 93.22 92.17 92.52 89.04 96.09 91.74 92.75
1 38 93.86 97.37 99.12 91.23 93.16 87.37 93.68 85.26 98.68 100.00 96.49
郑58 S2 0 587 92.00 90.98 90.48 92.86 100.00 92.86 93.88 99.83 97.45 99.15 100.00
Zheng58 1 136 96.30 93.33 91.11 92.59 100.00 92.59 96.30 100.00 88.15 95.56 93.33
2 75 100.00 92.00 92.00 92.00 100.00 100.00 96.00 100.00 84.00 88.00 88.00
S3 0 344 94.09 93.99 97.67 92.15 93.55 99.77 98.95 90.17 94.91 95.20 96.41
1 81 92.18 93.83 96.71 86.42 93.09 100.00 99.26 90.37 91.36 97.53 97.94
2 11 93.94 93.94 100.00 84.85 94.55 100.00 100.00 89.09 100.00 100.00 96.97
LX9801 S2 0 438 91.06 91.06 90.83 91.74 90.37 94.95 91.74 96.79 94.72 93.81 93.58
1 491 95.11 93.48 65.38 92.26 73.73 98.57 78.00 96.95 91.24 80.86 86.56
2 422 95.26 91.00 26.54 93.36 38.86 100.00 45.97 98.58 92.89 99.53 96.68
3 72 97.22 97.22 41.67 100.00 38.89 94.44 61.11 88.89 97.22 100.00 99.05
4 58 86.21 96.55 13.79 100.00 44.83 100.00 48.28 100.00 89.66 100.00 91.67
S3 0 223 91.03 92.38 95.37 90.58 92.20 92.11 90.04 91.12 93.87 94.47 94.32
1 255 88.37 83.40 93.07 88.10 91.84 89.18 91.22 90.75 93.59 99.48 94.25
2 108 85.49 86.73 88.89 91.98 89.63 88.89 90.74 87.59 89.20 99.38 97.53
3 23 76.81 78.26 89.86 79.71 93.91 86.09 92.17 82.61 94.20 100.00 94.20
4 18 88.89 90.74 79.63 87.04 64.44 92.22 81.11 87.78 77.78 100.00 85.19

Fig.1

SNP loci practical value and theoretical value"

Table 5

The investigation results of phenotype traits about the uniform strains with SSR makers"

群体目测性状
Population visual trait		 自交系 Inbred line 群体目测性状
Population visual trait		 自交系 Inbred line 数量性状
Quantitative trait		 自交系 Inbred line
昌7-2
Chang7-2		 郑58
Zheng58		 昌7-2
Chang7-2		 郑58
Zheng58		 昌7-2
Chang7-2		 郑58
Zheng58
T1 √ √ T4 √ √ T31 × √
T2 √ √ T5 √ √ T30 × √
T14 √ √ T10 √ √ T32 × ×
T15 √ √ T11 √ √ T29 × ×
T16 √ √ T17 √ √ T24 × ×
T6 √ √ T19 √ √ T25 × ×
T7 √ √ T20 √ √ T27 × ×
T8 √ √ T21 √ √ T26 √ √
T9 √ √ T22 √ √ T33 √ √
T12 √ √ T23 √ √ T34 × √
T13 √ √ T18 √ √ T28 × √
T3 √ √

Table 6

The results of quantitative traits about the uniform strains at generation S3 with SNP makers"

性状
Trait		 昌7-2 Chang7-2 郑58 Zheng58
H837 H853 H861 H891 H912 H1026 H1047 H1093 H1131 H1171
T31 × × × √ √ × × √ × ×
T30 × × √ √ √ √ × √ × ×
T32 √ √ √ √ √ √ × √ × ×
T39 √ √ × × √ √ √ √ √ √
T29 √ × √ √ √ √ √ √ √ ×
T26 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
T35 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
T36 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
T37 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
T38 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ × × ×
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