Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 165-173.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.024

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Nitrogen Accumulation and Transport in Silage Maize

Wang Liping1,2(), Bai Lanfang1,2(), Wang Tianhao1,2, Wang Xiaoxuan1,2, Bai Yunhe1,2, Wang Yufen1,2()   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2022-01-14 Revised:2022-07-27 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-15

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Abstract:

To clarify the rules of nitrogen accumulation and translocation of silage maize under different nitrogen levels, and to determine the optimal nitrogen application level for silage maize in central Inner Mongolia, Xianyu 335 was taken as an example and six nitrogen levels, 0 (N0), 120 (N8), 180 (N12), 240 (N16), 300 (N20), 360kg N/ha (N24), were set. We analyzed the nitrogen accumulation and transport characteristics of each treatment at different growth stages, as well as the whole plant yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under different nitrogen application conditions. The results showed that the accumulation of nitrogen in plant vegetative organs reached the peak from big flared stage to tasseling stage, and nitrogen was gradually transferred from vegetative organs to reproductive organs after tasseling stage. Different nitrogen levels had significant effects on plant nitrogen accumulation. Nitrogen accumulation under nitrogen application conditions were 87.13%-119.34% and 51.38%-68.48% in 2018 and 2019, respectively, higher than that without nitrogen application treatment. Nitrogen fertilizer increased the nitrogen transport capacity of vegetative organs, however, the nitrogen transport rate of each organ was reduced to some extent. In addition, nitrogen transport contributed to grains mainly from stems and leaves, and nitrogen application significantly promoted the accumulation of nitrogen in grains after anthesis. Nitrogen application could significantly improve the yield of silage maize, and in 2018 and 2019, the N20 and N16 treatments had the highest yields of 31.51t/ha and 27.09t/ha, respectively. The nitrogen use efficiency of all treatments showed a decreasing trend with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Comprehensive analysis showed that N16 treatment (240kg N/ha) was a suitable nitrogen application level in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Silage maize, Xianyu 335, Nitrogen accumulation and transport, Yield, Nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency

Table 1

Variance analysis of nitrogen accumulation in the whole plant and each organ"

部位
Position		 项目
Item		 2018 2019
苗期
Seedling
stage		 拔节期
Jointing
stage		 大喇叭口期
Big flared
stage		 抽雄期
Tasseling
stage		 收获期
Harvest
stage		 苗期
Seedling
stage		 拔节期
Jointing
stage		 大喇叭口期
Big flared
stage		 抽雄期
Tasseling
stage		 收获期
Harvest
stage
整株
Whole plant		 F 4.04 4.55 21.07 36.59 35.58 10.81 8.16 21.41 9.73 9.15
P * * ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
茎Stem F 2.40 7.70 15.67 9.91 20.40 6.02 16.69 17.52 64.25 2.52
P ns ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
叶Leaf F 4.88 3.40 17.41 14.24 55.51 12.30 3.06 13.41 5.84 13.27
P * * ** ** ** ** * ** ** **
苞叶Bract F 22.23 8.42 9.84 1.72
P ** ** ** ns
果穗Ear F 9.91 20.41 2.18 7.08
P ** ** ns **
籽粒Grain F 19.40 9.15
P ** **
穗轴Cob F 88.95 2.22
P ** ns

Fig.1

Nitrogen accumulation of whole plant in silage maize under different nitrogen levels The different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level, the same below"

Table 2

The average accumulation rate of nitrogen in each growth period of the plant g/d"

处理
Treatment		 2018 2019
苗期―拔节期
Seedling-
jointing stage		 拔节期―
大喇叭口期
Jointing-
big flared stage		 大喇叭口期―
抽雄期
Big flared-
tasseling stage		 抽雄期―
收获期
Tasseling-
harvest stage		 苗期―
拔节期
Seedling-
jointing stage		 拔节期―
大喇叭口期
Jointing-
big flared stage		 大喇叭口期―
抽雄期
Big flared-
tasseling stage		 抽雄期―
收获期
Tasseling-
harvest stage
N0 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.01
N8 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.08 0.01
N12 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.07 0.02
N16 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.09 0.01
N20 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.01
N24 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.07 0.01

Fig.2

The accumulation of nitrogen in each organ of the plant at each growth stage From left to right: N0, N8, N12, N16, N20, N24"

Table 3

Distribution ratio of nitrogen accumulation in various organs under different nitrogen levels"

年份Year 处理
Treatment		 植株氮素积累量
Plant nitrogen
accumulation (g)		 籽粒氮素积累量
Grain nitrogen
accumulation (g)		 收获期氮素在各器官的分配
Distribution ratio of nitrogen in various organs during harvest (%)
茎Stem 叶Leaf 苞叶Bract 籽粒Grain 穗轴Cob
2018 N0 2.37c 1.72b 7.96a 15.53bc 1.47c 72.33ab 2.71b
N8 4.31b 3.26a 6.72a 14.06c 1.63c 75.66a 1.94c
N12 4.43b 3.30a 6.63a 14.77c 1.70c 74.56a 2.34b
N16 5.01a 3.44a 7.79a 17.82ab 3.81a 68.66c 1.91c
N20 5.12a 3.53a 8.09a 17.16bc 4.18a 68.04c 2.52b
N24 4.54ab 3.15a 7.28a 19.77a 3.20ab 65.84c 3.71a
2019 N0 2.27b 1.65b 7.30a 13.72b 2.21a 72.57a 4.20a
N8 3.44a 2.47a 6.52a 17.07a 1.92ab 71.07a 2.78b
N12 3.63a 2.61a 7.34a 17.33a 1.33ab 71.89a 2.11c
N16 3.80a 2.69a 7.66a 17.92a 1.54ab 70.53a 2.35bc
N20 3.53a 2.53a 8.45a 16.26a 1.23b 71.55a 2.51bc
N24 3.83a 2.73a 7.18a 17.13a 2.03ab 71.31a 2.35bc

Table 4

Nitrogen transport status of vegetative organs under different nitrogen levels"

指标
Index		 年份Year 器官
Organ		 处理Treatment
N0 N8 N12 N16 N20 N24
氮素转移量Nitrogen transfer amount (g) 2018 茎 0.19c 0.54b 0.54b 0.76a 0.52b 0.76a
叶 0.49bc 0.60ab 0.81a 0.64ab 0.62ab 0.56ab
苞叶 0.14b 0.19ab 0.27a 0.17b 0.19ab 0.15b
总量 0.82c 1.33b 1.62a 1.57ab 1.33b 1.47ab
2019 茎 0.19c 0.32b 0.32b 0.53a 0.35b 0.31b
叶 0.76ab 0.70abc 0.46c 0.58bc 0.65abc 0.85a
苞叶 0.20d 0.36c 0.47ab 0.37bc 0.50a 0.49a
总量 1.15c 1.38abc 1.25bc 1.48abc 1.50ab 1.65a
氮素转运率nitrogen transfer rate (%) 2018 茎 50.61b 65.04a 64.75a 66.07a 55.34b 68.72a
叶 57.11a 49.88ab 54.76ab 41.77abc 40.71bc 37.26cd
苞叶 79.81a 72.79a 78.05a 47.43b 46.94b 49.62b
整株 58.11ab 57.56ab 60.99a 51.56bc 46.57c 50.49c
2019 茎 52.38a 58.99a 54.18a 64.66a 54.58a 53.41a
叶 70.90a 54.32bc 41.96c 45.59bc 53.37bc 55.92b
苞叶 80.04b 84.74ab 90.42a 86.48ab 91.90a 86.29ab
整株 68.58a 61.20ab 56.54b 58.98b 62.26ab 61.89ab
氮素转运对籽粒的贡献率
Contribution rate of nitrogen transport to grain (%)		 2018 茎 11.48cd 16.51b 16.33b 22.07a 14.81bc 24.52a
叶 28.98a 18.49b 24.26ab 18.63b 17.47b 17.93b
苞叶 8.20a 5.75ab 8.04a 4.90b 5.46ab 4.88b
合计 48.66a 40.75a 48.63a 45.60a 37.74a 47.33a
2019 茎 11.60b 13.45ab 12.18b 20.01a 14.69ab 11.44b
叶 46.17a 28.58bc 17.89c 21.47bc 26.74bc 31.13b
苞叶 12.31b 14.80ab 18.05a 13.84b 20.52a 17.78a
合计 70.08a 56.83ab 48.12b 55.32ab 61.95ab 60.35ab
收获指数Harvest index (%) 2018 72.52b 75.66a 74.56a 68.66c 68.04c 65.84c
2019 72.57a 71.70a 71.89a 70.53a 71.55a 71.31a

Table 5

Plant yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency under different nitrogen levels"

年份Year 处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (t/hm2)		 氮肥农学利用率
Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (%)		 氮肥偏生产力
Nitrogen partial factor productivity (%)		 氮肥吸收效率
Nitrogen absorption efficiency (%)
2018 N0 20.18b － － －
N8 31.46a 94.00a 262.13a 2.69a
N12 28.18a 44.46b 156.54b 1.85b
N16 30.65a 43.65b 127.70c 1.57c
N20 31.51a 37.77b 105.02d 1.30d
N24 29.96a 27.17b 83.22e 0.99e
F 16.89 12.69 137.33 152.35
P ** ** ** **
2019 N0 21.31b － － －
N8 25.55a 35.32a 212.88a 2.15a
N12 24.47ab 17.58a 135.95b 1.51b
N16 27.09a 24.08a 112.86c 1.19c
N20 25.71a 14.66a 85.69d 0.89d
N24 24.69ab 9.39a 68.58d 0.80d
F 2.35 1.69 65.61 43.12
P * ns ** **
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