Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 47-54.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.06.006

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Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Quality of 22 Quinoa Germplasms in Yuanmou Area of Yunnan Province

Ma Lina1,2(), Wei Yuming2, Wen Lifang1,2, Zhang Xuejian1,2, Yang Zhao3, Huang Jie2, Zhang Shengchang1,2, Li Xiaoyu1,2, Liu Huan1(), Yang Farong1,2()   

  1. 1College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2Institute of Pasture and Green Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2023-10-24 Revised:2023-12-17 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-05

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Abstract:

A total of 22 quinoa materials introduced for trial planting in the Yuanmou area of Yunnan Province were analyzed using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of 22 quinoa materials ranged from 18.87% to 28.91%, and the variation of agronomic traits was abundant. The yield was significant positively correlated with main panicle length and yield per plant (P < 0.01), positively correlated with stem diameter and leaf length (P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight. Four principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 75.807%; The 22 germplasms were classified into three groups by cluster analysis. Among them, Group Ⅲ showed high culm, large grain, and high fat content, which had potential for screening and utilization. Seven quinoa germplasms with outstanding traits were selected (large-grain materials LQ09, LQ17 and Q24, large-stem materials LQ09 and LQ10, high-yield materials LQ21, LQ24 and Q24, and high-protein materials LQ02 and LQ17).

Key words: Quinoa, Agronomic traits, Nutritional quality, Correlation analysis, Principal component analysis, Cluster analysis.

Table 1

Information of 22 quinoa germplasm resources"

序号
Code		 名称
Name		 籽粒颜色
Grain color		 序号
Code		 名称
Name		 籽粒颜色
Grain color
1 LQ01 灰白 12 LQ17 淡黄
2 LQ02 灰白 13 LQ18 白
3 LQ05 黑 14 LQ19 黄
4 LQ06 黄 15 LQ20 淡黄
5 LQ07 粉红 16 LQ21 淡黄
6 LQ09 黄 17 LQ23 淡黄
7 LQ10 白 18 LQ24 淡黄
8 LQ11 淡黄 19 LQ25 淡黄
9 LQ12 白 20 LQ28 黄
10 LQ15 黄 21 Q13 白
11 LQ16 白黄 22 Q24 白

Table 2

Statistical results of agronomic traits of quinoa materials"

性状
Trait		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)
株高Plant height 43.80 131.20 75.40 21.80 28.91
主穗长Main panicle length 17.10 38.60 25.70 4.90 19.07
茎粗Stem diameter 6.50 16.80 10.60 2.00 18.87
叶宽Leaf width 2.10 6.90 4.00 1.00 25.00
叶长Leaf length 2.30 7.40 5.00 1.20 24.00

Table 3

Analysis of yield characteristics among quinoa materials"

材料Material 容重Test weight (g) 单株产量Yield per plant (g) 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 产量Yield (kg/hm2)
LQ01 679.67±6.11b 81.00±3.61a 3.43±0.31gh 2124.15±56.27abcd
LQ02 641.00±5.20fgh 50.33±2.52fgh 3.33±0.15h 1678.77±83.94ef
LQ05 677.67±2.52b 66.67±7.64bcd 3.53±0.40fgh 2223.51±254.74ab
LQ06 662.67±4.04cd 43.33±7.64fghi 4.07±0.15abcdef 1445.28±254.74efg
LQ07 709.00±9.00a 68.00±7.55abc 4.13±0.32abcde 2267.99±251.81a
LQ09 685.00±10.82b 51.67±2.89efg 4.30±0.10abc 1723.22±96.28def
LQ10 672.33±7.77bc 51.33±3.22efg 3.90±0.17bcdefgh 1712.11±107.21def
LQ11 698.67±11.02a 43.33±5.77fghi 4.23±0.21abc 1445.28±192.56efg
LQ12 682.33±3.51b 65.00±5.00bcde 4.40±0.36ab 2167.92±166.76abc
LQ15 654.67±5.03def 51.67±3.79efg 3.73±0.32cdefgh 1723.22±126.26def
LQ16 653.67±4.16defg 54.33±6.03cdef 4.20±0.17abcd 1812.17±201.02bcde
LQ17 640.33±15.63fgh 40.00±13.23fghij 4.60±0.36a 1334.11±441.21fgh
LQ18 684.67±5.51b 36.67±12.58hijk 4.10±0.10abcdef 1222.93±419.68ghi
LQ19 671.33±12.10bc 24.33±4.04k 3.97±0.61bcdefg 811.59±134.81i
LQ20 641.33±10.02fgh 32.67±2.52ijk 3.60±0.30efgh 1089.53±83.94ghi
LQ21 622.00±9.54i 66.33±9.61bcd 3.13±0.06defgh 2374.08±70.27a
LQ23 658.00±9.54cde 53.33±10.41def 4.12±0.06abcde 1778.81±347.15cde
LQ24 670.67±0.58bc 71.67±7.64ab 4.30±0.26abc 2140.37±209.46abcd
LQ25 644.67±8.39efg 38.33±16.07ghijk 4.23±0.38abc 1389.68±347.16efgh
LQ28 639.67±4.62gh 26.67±2.89jk 4.26±0.40abc 989.99±151.16hi
Q13 628.33±3.06hi 31.67±5.77ijk 3.90±0.46bcdefgh 1056.17±192.56jhi
Q24 652.67±6.03defg 71.67±7.64ab 4.33±0.21ab 2390.28±254.74a
均值Mean 662.29 50.91 4.02 1677.33
变异系数CV (%) 3.53 33.27 10.45 30.22

Table 4

Determination of protein, starch, fat and ash contents in quinoa materials %"

材料Material 蛋白质含量Protein content 淀粉含量Starch content 脂肪含量Fat content 灰分含量Ash content
LQ01 14.05±0.08c 56.17±1.15ab 7.18±0.21a 3.74±0.08abc
LQ02 15.28±0.04a 51.47±1.59abc 6.33±0.21bc 3.62±0.06abcd
LQ05 12.08±0.05i 54.74±5.83abc 5.16±0.46h 3.39±0.43cde
LQ06 12.35±0.15k 50.60±0.68abc 5.12±0.16h 3.63±0.21abcd
LQ07 13.78±0.08d 59.22±7.99a 5.20±0.30gh 3.56±0.06bcde
LQ09 13.76±0.10de 53.36±0.32abc 6.06±0.21bcde 3.34±0.09de
LQ10 14.15±0.02c 52.73±8.54abc 6.09±0.10bcde 3.52±0.40bcde
LQ11 12.72±0.05hi 51.55±1.62abc 5.10±0.52h 2.94±0.09f
LQ12 13.53±0.02e 49.61±1.13bc 6.39±0.17b 2.91±0.15f
LQ15 13.57±0.14de 49.01±1.81bc 4.36±0.37i 3.25±0.25ef
LQ16 13.19±0.27f 53.31±1.81abc 5.52±0.21efgh 3.61±0.32abcd
LQ17 15.07±0.17ab 50.08±5.71bc 5.83±0.15bcdefg 3.94±0.08a
LQ18 12.75±0.12hi 57.71±0.13ab 5.26±0.41fgh 3.77±0.03ab
LQ19 14.86±0.21b 49.35±4.36bc 5.66±0.11degfh 3.39±0.26cde
LQ20 11.31±0.06m 47.79±1.56c 5.62±0.25degfh 3.24±0.17ef
LQ21 12.61±0.14ig 49.00±4.76bc 5.72±0.32cdefgh 3.60±0.06abcd
LQ23 12.39±0.09gk 53.06±5.78abc 5.69±0.20degfh 3.77±0.12ab
LQ24 12.09±0.31i 53.79±2.67abc 5.39±0.34fgh 3.22±0.03ef
LQ25 13.12±0.02fg 52.41±4.37abc 4.53±0.38i 3.61±0.06abcd
LQ28 13.18±0.09f 47.97±2.48c 5.89±0.80bcdef 3.75±0.07abc
Q13 13.13±0.14fg 47.97±9.00c 5.19±0.35gh 3.88±0.02ab
Q24 12.92±0.19gh 50.60±6.81abc 6.19±0.16bcd 3.74±0.08abc
均值Mean 13.27 51.89 5.61 3.52
变异系数CV (%) 7.54 9.37 12.12 8.81

Table 5

Correlation analysis of agronomic traits and nutritional components among quinoa materials"

性状Trait X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13
X1
X2 0.590**
X3 0.863** 0.635**
X4 0.352 0.109 0.208
X5 0.436* 0.285 0.320 0.838**
X6 0.588** 0.704** 0.503* 0.293 0.420
X7 0.365 0.665** 0.461* 0.371 0.498* 0.313
X8 0.213 -0.040 0.111 -0.073 0.190 0.169 -0.183
X9 0.381 0.641** 0.478* 0.335 0.473* 0.249 0.965** -0.129
X10 0.070 -0.143 -0.144 0.357 0.099 0.038 -0.017 -0.018 0.024
X11 0.225 0.498* 0.349 0.462* 0.499* 0.705** 0.554** 0.553** -0.054 0.044
X12 0.253 0.153 0.106 0.272 0.160 0.032 0.338 0.338 -0.106 0.366 0.017
X13 -0.562** -0.400 -0.431* -0.020 -0.130 -0.464* -0.166 -0.166 0.032 0.225 0.099 0.146

Table 6

Principal component analysis of agronomic traits, yield and nutrient components of quinoa materials"

性状Characteristic 第1主成分PC1 第2主成分PC2 第3主成分PC3 第4主成分PC4
株高Plant height 0.771 -0.276 0.307 0.403
主穗长Main panicle length 0.810 -0.286 -0.227 -0.004
茎粗Stem diameter 0.771 -0.276 0.307 0.403
叶宽Leaf width 0.558 0.613 0.304 -0.074
叶长Leaf length 0.689 0.385 0.292 -0.225
容重Test weight 0.737 -0.228 0.335 -0.207
单株产量Yield per plant 0.782 0.202 -0.519 -0.008
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.037 -0.207 0.618 -0.109
产量Yield 0.771 -0.276 0.307 0.403
蛋白质含量Protein content 0.002 0.604 0.412 0.376
淀粉含量Starch content 0.650 0.228 0.063 -0.569
脂肪含量Fat content 0.275 0.502 -0.125 0.631
灰分含量Ash content -0.412 0.630 -0.127 -0.256
特征值Eigenvalue 5.008 2.034 1.566 1.248
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 38.523 15.642 12.045 9.596
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 38.523 54.165 66.211 75.807

Fig.1

Cluster analysis of quinoa germplasms"

Table 7

Statistics of main agronomic traits of the three groups of quinoa germplasms after clustering"

类群
Group		 种质数量
Germplasm
number		 株高
Plant
height
(cm)		 主穗长
Main panicle
length
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem
diameter
(mm)		 叶宽
Leaf
width
(cm)		 叶长
Leaf
Length
(cm)		 容重
Test
weight
(g)		 单株产量
Yield per
plant (g)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 蛋白质
含量
Protein
content (%)		 淀粉含量
Starch
content
(%)		 脂肪含量
Fat
content
(%)		 灰分含量
Ash
content
(%)
Ⅰ 7 79.627 29.429 11.171 4.214 5.543 670.586 70.057 3.943 2219.25 13.014 53.616 5.891 3.450
Ⅱ 5 57.714 21.740 9.640 3.420 4.460 630.660 44.740 3.800 1559.25 12.568 48.346 5.632 3.612
Ⅲ 10 82.663 25.170 11.040 4.260 4.980 661.110 47.750 4.070 1584.00 13.561 51.757 5.463 3.524

Table 8

Agronomic traits and nutritional components of seven specific germplasms of quinoa"

名称
Name		 特异性状
Specific trait		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 主穗长
Main panicle
length (cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter
(mm)		 单株产量
Yield per
plant (g)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 蛋白质含量
Protein
content (%)		 淀粉含量
Starch
content (%)		 脂肪含量
Fat
content (%)
LQ17 大粒、高蛋白 64.30 23.60 10.20 40.00 4.60 1334.11 15.08 50.08 5.83
LQ21 高产 62.37 23.40 10.50 66.30 3.60 2374.08 12.61 49.00 5.73
LQ09 粗茎、大粒 123.40 28.00 13.30 51.70 4.30 1723.22 13.76 53.36 6.06
LQ24 高产 80.13 27.80 12.80 71.70 4.30 2140.37 12.09 53.79 5.39
Q24 高产、大粒 72.53 26.20 10.40 71.70 4.30 2390.28 12.92 50.60 6.19
LQ10 粗茎 120.57 27.30 14.20 51.30 3.90 1712.11 14.15 52.73 6.10
LQ02 高蛋白 66.00 22.60 9.70 50.30 3.30 1678.77 15.27 51.47 6.33
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