Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 18-28.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.05.003

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Identification and Evaluation of Low Temperature Tolerance of 110 New Maize Materials at Germination Stage

Yu Tao1,2,3(), Zhang Jianguo1,2,3(), Cao Jingsheng1,2,3, Ma Xuena1, He Chang’an2,4, Cao Shiliang1,2,3, Li Shujun1,2,3, Cai Quan1,2,3, Li Xin1,2,3, Li Sinan1,2,3, Yang Gengbin1,2, Li Wenyue1   

  1. 1Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
    2Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
    3Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Creation and Utilization of Maize, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
    4Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2024-04-22 Revised:2024-06-07 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-10-16

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Abstract:

In this study, 12 low-temperature tolerance-related indexes, including the germination rate, germination index, germination potential, average germination time, seedling emergence rate, seedling emergence index and relative value of traits, were measured using 110 new maize materials as experimental materials adopting a combination model of field and indoor identification. Through ANOVA analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods, we comprehensively evaluated the low-temperature tolerance of the new maize materials. The results showed that 110 new maize materials had abundant genetic variation in low-temperature germination ability, relative germination rate, relative germination index, and relative seedling emergence index could be used as important reference indicators for the identification of low-temperature tolerance during maize germination. Correlation analysis showed that the six relative traits were positively correlated with each other. The results showed that six single indicators were synthesized into two independent comprehensive indicators with a cumulative contribution rate of 94.20% by principal component analysis. At last, combined with cluster analysis, 110 new maize materials were divided into six low-temperature tolerance grades, among which 27 had extremely strong low-temperature tolerance, 22 had strong low-temperature tolerance, 22 had moderately strong low-temperature tolerance, 21 had weak low-temperature tolerance, 16 had moderately weak low-temperature tolerance, and two had extremely weak low-temperature tolerance.

Key words: Maize, Low temperature tolerance, Germination stage, Principal component analysis, Cluster analysis

Table 1

Names and groups of new maize materials"

编号
Number		 名称
Name		 类群
Group		 编号
Number		 名称
Name		 类群
Group		 编号
Number		 名称
Name		 类群
Group		 编号
Number		 名称
Name		 类群
Group
1 LX288 SS 29 吉A43 SS 57 CA9B1 NSS 85 辽1112 NSS
2 LX508 NS 30 DN22018 NSS 58 京2418 黄改 86 中综6号 NSS
3 龙系412 SS 31 DN22028 NSS 59 京19B3952 X 87 中群15 SS
4 TWS49 欧洲硬粒 32 DN22059 NSS 60 DF301 SS 88 中群16 NSS
5 T96 ID 33 DN22073 NSS 61 20G70 SS 89 京21D2982 黄改
6 SX735 SS 34 DN22091 NSS 62 23YM1 SS 90 京21D2934 黄改
7 HA0002 SS 35 DN22108 NSS 63 23YM2 SS 91 京21D2935 黄改
8 HB0012 NSS 36 DN22119 NSS 64 23YM7 NSS 92 京XP4816 X
9 HB0011 NSS 37 DN22145 SS 65 23YM8 NSS 93 京XP4823 X
10 东502 SS 38 DN22199 SS 66 23YM9 SS 94 京XP4826 X
11 东303 SS 39 DN22221 SS 67 23YM10 SS 95 DN22043 NSS
12 东601 NSS 40 DN22244 SS 68 J22130 NSS 96 DN22067 NSS
13 23YM3 NSS 41 DN22258 SS 69 吉A316 NSS 97 DN22248 SS
14 23YM4 SS 42 DN22287 SS 70 吉A251 NSS 98 DN22296 SS
15 23YM5 NSS 43 DN22299 SS 71 吉A2081 SS 99 DN22309 SS
16 23YM6 NSS 44 DN22340 SS 72 吉A195 SS 100 DN22338 SS
17 J22133 NSS 45 DN22355 SS 73 吉A192 SS 101 DN22341 SS
18 辐1001 NSS 46 DN22383 SS 74 吉A861 SS 102 DN22346 SS
19 TP7 ID 47 吉A2102 SS 75 吉A1683 NSS 103 ML017 NSS
20 T3469 ID 48 吉A144 SS 76 吉A533 NSS 104 ML009 SS
21 22H800 NSS 49 吉A8401 SS 77 吉A544 NSS 105 ML012 NSS
22 22H770 SS 50 吉A92 SS 78 吉A5080 SS 106 22S-218 NSS
23 22H712 NSS 51 吉A65 黄旅 79 吉A566 NSS 107 22S-256 NSS
24 22H738 NSS 52 059 SS 80 辽8001 SS 108 22J-982 NSS
25 22H548 NSS 53 辽81 NSS 81 辽8002 SS 109 22J-776 SS
26 吉A1001 NSS 54 辽2180 NSS 82 辽8015 SS 110 16G1638 SS
27 CA135 NSS 55 辽5131 NSS 83 辽8013 SS
28 辐1002 SS 56 CA109 SS 84 辽A79 SS

Table 2

ANOVA analysis of traits related to low temperature tolerance in the laboratory at germination stage of maize"

性状
Trait		 变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
df		 平方和
Sum of squares		 均方
Mean of squares		 F值
F-value		 P值
P-value
发芽率Germination rate 误差 440 52 934.81 120.31
基因型 109 350 680.97 3217.26 26.74 <2E-10***
环境 1 330 325.71 330 325.71 2745.70 <2E-10***
基因型×环境 109 102 042.88 936.17 7.78 <2E-10***
发芽指数Germination index 误差 440 2023.91 4.60
基因型 109 4442.29 40.75 8.86 <2E-10***
环境 1 6385.11 6385.11 1388.13 <2E-10***
基因型×环境 109 1260.53 11.56 2.51 <2E-10***
发芽势Germination potential 误差 440 121 636.98 276.45
基因型 109 329 895.54 3026.56 10.95 <2E-10***
环境 1 272 738.34 272 738.34 986.58 <2E-10***
基因型×环境 109 89 434.79 820.50 2.97 <2E-10***
平均发芽时间Average germination time 误差 440 538.79 1.22
基因型 109 2108.01 19.34 15.79 <2E-10***
环境 1 2823.63 2823.63 2305.89 <2E-10***
基因型×环境 109 1991.83 18.27 14.92 <2E-10***
相对发芽率Relative germination rate 误差 110 7901.90 71.84
基因型 109 221 755.83 2034.46 28.32 <2E-10***
相对发芽势Relative germination potential 误差 110 16 298.22 148.17
基因型 109 252 725.53 2318.58 15.65 <2E-10***
相对发芽指数Relative germination index 误差 110 0.67 0.01
基因型 109 16.16 0.15 24.39 <2E-10***
相对平均发芽时间Relative average germination time 误差 110 9.31 0.08
基因型 109 151.23 1.39 16.39 <2E-10***

Fig.1

Distribution of germination rates and relative germination rates of different maize materials under low temperature stress"

Fig.2

Distribution of relative germination potential and relative germination index of different maize materials under low temperature stress"

Table 3

Low temperature tolerance phenotypes statistics in the laboratory at germination stage"

性状Trait 最小值Min. 最大值Max. 平均Mean 中位数Median 标准差SD 峰度Kurtosis 偏度Skewness
相对发芽率Relative germination rate 0 98.67 40.95 34.57 32.80 -1.19 0.35
相对发芽势Relative germination potential 0 0.68 0.18 0.15 34.86 0.42 0.81
相对发芽指数Relative germination index 0 0.98 0.32 0.25 28.10 -0.70 0.60
相对平均发芽时间
Relative average germination time		 0 12.12 4.16 3.21 24.45 -0.88 0.63

Table 4

Low temperature tolerance phenotypes statistics in the ?eld at germination stage of maize"

处理Treatment 性状Trait 最小值Min. 最大值Max. 平均Mean 中位数Median 标准差SD 峰度Kurtosis 偏度Skewness
对照CK 出苗率（%） 18.00 100.00 84.18 87.50 22.86 2.38 -1.51
出苗指数 0.37 3.03 2.18 2.24 0.45 1.83 -1.05
低温Low temperature 出苗率（%） 1.33 98.00 74.57 80.67 19.33 2.12 -1.43
出苗指数 0.02 2.41 1.66 1.75 0.50 0.70 -0.95
相对出苗率Relative emergence rate 7.41 100.00 86.37 91.51 16.19 8.31 -2.52
相对出苗指数Relative emergence index 0.05 1.00 0.75 0.78 15.71 3.59 -1.35

Table 5

ANOVA analysis of traits related to low temperature tolerance in the ?eld at germination stage of maize"

性状
Trait		 变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
df		 平方和
Sum of squares		 均方
Mean of squares		 F值
F-value		 P值
P-value
出苗率Emergence rate 误差 440.00 15 414.00 35.03
基因型 109.00 163 913.07 1503.79 42.93 <2E-10***
环境 1.00 16 540.02 16 540.02 472.14 <2E-10***
基因型×环境 109.00 12 495.98 114.64 3.27 <2E-10***
出苗指数Emergence index 误差 440.00 18.44 0.04
基因型 109.00 139.12 1.28 30.45 <2E-10***
环境 1.00 44.44 44.44 1060.18 <2E-10***
基因型×环境 109.00 10.03 0.09 2.20 <2E-10***
相对出苗率Relative emergence rate 误差 110.00 370.23 3.37
基因型 109.00 54 015.08 495.55 147.23 <2E-10***
相对出苗指数Relative emergence index 误差 110.00 0.06 0.00
基因型 109.00 6.28 0.06 113.60 <2E-10***

Table 6

Correlation analysis of low temperature tolerance related traits in maize at germination stage"

性状
Trait		 相对发芽率
Relative
germination rate		 相对发芽指数
Relative
germination index		 相对发芽势
Relative germination
potential		 相对平均发芽时间
Relative average
germination time		 相对出苗率
Relative
emergence rate		 相对出苗指数
Relative
emergence index
相对发芽率
Relative germination rate		 1.000
相对发芽指数
Relative germination index		 0.982*** 1.000
相对发芽势
Relative germination potential		 0.975*** 0.980*** 1.000
相对平均发芽时间
Relative average germination time		 0.956*** 0.935*** 0.899*** 1.000
相对出苗率
Relative emergence rate		 0.409*** 0.380*** 0.351*** 0.494*** 1.000
相对出苗指数
Relative emergence index		 0.480*** 0.479*** 0.447*** 0.523*** 0.704*** 1.000

Table 7

Eigenvectors and contribution rates of principal components for maize under low temperature stress"

指标
Index		 主成分1
Component 1		 主成分2
Component 2
相对发芽率
Relative germination rate (X1)		 0.46
 0.21
相对发芽指数
Relative germination index (X2)		 0.46
0.23
相对发芽势
Relative germination potential (X3)		 0.44
 0.25
相对平均发芽时间
Relative average germination time (X4)		 0.44
0.14
相对出苗率
Relative emergence rate (X5)		 0.28
-0.66
相对出苗指数
Relative emergence index (X6)		 0.31
 -0.62
特征值Eigenvalue 4.28 1.37
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 71.34 22.86
累计贡献率
Cumulative contribution rate (%)		 71.34
 94.20

Table 8

Summary and evaluation of low-temperature tolerance of new maize materials"

名称
Name		 D值
D-value		 耐低温性
Low temperature tolerance		 排序
Ranking
23YM2 0.99 极强 1
22J-776 0.96 极强 2
DN22355 0.95 极强 3
DN22340 0.95 极强 4
DN22341 0.95 极强 5
DN22067 0.94 极强 6
DN22296 0.94 极强 7
LX288 0.93 极强 8
HB0012 0.92 极强 9
22S-256 0.90 极强 10
23YM10 0.90 极强 11
23YM10 0.89 极强 12
龙系412 Longxi 412 0.89 极强 13
23YM8 0.89 极强 14
DN22346 0.86 极强 15
ML017 0.86 极强 16
DN22258 0.86 极强 17
DN22383 0.85 极强 18
23YM7 0.84 极强 19
DN22091 0.82 极强 20
DN22059 0.80 极强 21
DN22248 0.80 极强 22
DN22338 0.79 极强 23
京XP4823
Jing XP4823		 0.77
 极强
 24
DN22199 0.77 极强 25
DN22073 0.76 极强 26
京19B3952
Jing 19B3952		 0.74
 极强
 27
DN22145 0.73 强 28
LX508 0.73 强 29
DN22299 0.71 强 30
DN22108 0.71 强 31
23YM9 0.70 强 32
DN22043 0.69 强 33
DN22028 0.68 强 34
22S-218 0.67 强 35
23YM5 0.67 强 36
DN22119 0.66 强 37
HA0002 0.66 强 38
J22133 0.64 强 39
DN22018 0.63 强 40
22H800 0.63 强 41
22J-982 0.59 强 42
SX735 0.59 强 43
中群16 Zhongqun 16 0.58 强 44
J22130 0.58 强 45
23YM6 0.55 强 46
中群15 Zhongqun 15 0.55 强 47
辽5131 Liao 5131 0.55 强 48
22H738 0.54 强 49
HB0011 0.52 中强 50
DN22287 0.52 中强 51
中综6号
Zhongzong 6		 0.51
 中强
 52
京2418 Jing 2418 0.51 中强 53
吉A144 Ji A144 0.49 中强 54
DN22221 0.47 中强 55
DN22309 0.47 强 56
TWS49 0.46 强 57
吉A92 Ji A92 0.46 强 58
东502 Dong 502 0.45 强 59
TP7 0.45 强 60
T96 0.45 强 61
辽8013 Liao 8013 0.43 中强 62
23YM3 0.42 中强 63
吉A8401 Ji A8401 0.42 中强 64
DN22244 0.42 中强 65
辽2180 Liao 2180 0.40 中强 66
CA135 0.39 中强 67
京XP4826
Jing XP4826		 0.39
 中强
 68
京XP4816
Jing XP4816		 0.39
 中强
 69
22H770 0.39 中强 70
22H712 0.38 中强 71
059 0.35 弱 72
T3469 0.35 弱 73
辽81 Liao 81 0.35 弱 74
吉A861 Ji A861 0.35 弱 75
吉A195 Ji A195 0.35 弱 76
16G1638 0.33 弱 77
东601 Dong 601 0.33 弱 78
京21D2934
Jing 21D2934		 0.33
 弱
 79
CA109 0.33 弱 80
23YM4 0.32 弱 81
辽1112 Liao 1112 0.32 弱 82
ML012 0.31 弱 83
吉A2081 Ji A2081 0.31 弱 84
CA9B1 0.30 弱 85
辽8015 Liao 8015 0.29 弱 86
DF301 0.29 弱 87
吉A43 Ji A43 0.28 弱 88
吉A5080 Ji A5080 0.27 弱 89
辽8001 Liao 8001 0.27 弱 90
吉A2102 Ji A2102 0.26 弱 91
22H548 0.25 弱 92
吉A65 Ji A65 0.22 中弱 93
东303 Dong 303 0.22 中弱 94
辽8002 Liao 8002 0.22 中弱 95
吉A192 Ji A192 0.21 中弱 96
吉A1001 Ji A1001 0.21 中弱 97
20G70 0.21 中弱 98
吉A251 Ji A251 0.20 中弱 99
京21D2935
Jing 21D2935		 0.19
 中弱
 100
吉A1683 Ji A1683 0.19 中弱 101
吉A316 Ji A316 0.19 中弱 102
京21D2982
Jing 21D2982		 0.19
 中弱
 103
吉A533 Ji A533 0.17 中弱 104
辐1002 Fu 1002 0.16 中弱 105
吉A566 Ji A566 0.16 中弱 106
吉A544 Ji A544 0.13 中弱 107
辐1001 Fu 1001 0.13 中弱 108
ML009 0.08 极弱 109
辽A79 Liao A79 0.00 极弱 110

Fig.3

Cluster analysis of low temperature tolerance of 110 new maize materials"

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