Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 149-155.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.020

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The Effects of Different Covering Materials on Soil Environment and Maize Yield in Hexi Irrigation Area

Wang Yi1(), Ren Yongfu1(), Zhang Zhengpeng2, Ding Defang1, Zhang Jing3, Liu Yihong4, Sun Duoxin4, Chen Guangrong5()   

  1. 1Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in Liangzhou District, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
    2Seed Industry Center of Liangzhou District, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
    3Gansu Academy of Agri-Engineering Technology, Wuwei 733006, Gansu, China
    4Gansu Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
    5Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water in Dry Farming of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-05-23 Revised:2024-08-29 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-06-03

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Abstract:

This study investigates the use effect and yield performance of biodegradable film in maize by examining and evaluating the effects of various covering materials on soil temperature, humidity, maize agronomic traits, and yield in Hexi Irrigation Area. Four treatments were established using Nonghua 101 as the experimental material and field experiments: ordinary plastic film covering (T1), ordinary permeable film covering (T2), totally biodegradable permeable film covering (T3), and open field (CK). The results showed that under the condition of T3, the agronomic traits such as maize plant height, ear height, and 100-grain weight were significantly higher than those of CK. At the same time and depth, the soil temperature and humidity were significantly higher than those of CK, but significantly lower than those of T1 and T2. The maize root system showed a trend of growing towards deeper soil layers, and the biomass of the root system of T3 were significantly increased compared to that in CK. Biodegradable permeable plastic film enters the disintegration stage 41 days after corn sowing, and the plastic film has already broken into large pieces without a complete film surface. It reached the full deterioration stage after 133 days. The plastic layer essentially vanishes off the surface of the maize once it is harvested. This showed that the totally biodegradable membrane is degrading quickly and reaching biodegradation. The yield of corn reached 12 688.65 kg/ha under T3, which was a significant increase of 41.44% over CK, and a decrease of 3.12% and 2.08% over T1 and T2, respectively, however, the difference was not significant. The fully biodegradable permeable plastic film has a fast degradation rate and poor soil water retention and insulation effect. However, it has a significant increase in yield compared to open field cultivation without film covering, and has achieved complete degradation, reducing residual film pollution. It has certain ecological significance and can be promoted and applied.

Key words: Covering materials, Fully biodegradable permeable film, Soil, Maize, Yield

Table 1

The effects of different covering materials on the agronomic traits of maize"

处理
Treatment		 出苗率
Emergence
rate (%)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter
(cm)		 穗位高
Ear height
(cm)		 穗长
Ear length
(cm)		 穗粗
Ear diameter
(cm)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per ear		 百粒重
100-grain
weight (g)		 穗数
Number of ears
(×104/hm2)
T1 98a 293a 2.85a 113a 19.0a 5.5a 526a 33.01a 7.557a
T2 98a 291a 2.80a 110a 18.5b 5.4ab 522a 32.95a 7.533a
T3 96b 281b 2.65b 104b 17.9b 5.0b 519b 32.45b 7.524a
CK 92c 268c 2.55c 96c 17.8b 4.8b 425c 30.21c 7.001b

Table 2

The effects of different covering materials on soil temperature at different soil depths ℃"

处理
Treatment		 时间
Time		 出苗期Emergence period 拔节期Jointing stage 抽雄期Tasseling stage 成熟期Maturation stage
5 cm 10 cm 15 cm 20 cm 5 cm 10 cm 15 cm 20 cm 5 cm 10 cm 15 cm 20 cm 5 cm 10 cm 15 cm 20 cm
T1 8:00 16.4 16.2 15.8 15.6 18.6 18.4 18.2 18.0 18.8 18.6 18.3 18.1 16.8 16.6 16.2 15.6
14:00 18.0 17.8 17.6 17.2 21.8 21.6 21.4 21.0 22.5 22.2 21.7 21.5 18.4 18.2 17.9 17.5
18:00 17.4 17.2 16.9 16.5 20.4 20.2 19.9 19.8 21.2 21.1 20.8 20.6 18.0 17.8 17.6 17.5
T2 8:00 16.2 16.0 15.8 15.5 18.2 17.9 17.6 17.4 18.6 18.4 18.2 17.9 16.6 16.3 15.8 15.6
14:00 17.5 17.3 17.0 16.8 21.0 20.8 20.5 20.1 21.6 21.4 21.2 21.1 17.7 17.5 17.4 16.8
18:00 17.2 17.1 16.8 16.5 19.2 19.0 18.7 18.4 20.2 19.9 19.8 19.6 17.2 16.9 16.7 16.5
T3 8:00 16.0 15.7 15.4 15.2 17.4 17.2 17.1 16.9 18.4 18.2 18.1 17.6 16.4 16.2 16.0 15.8
14:00 17.2 17.0 16.8 16.4 20.2 19.9 19.7 19.4 20.7 20.4 20.3 20.1 17.4 17.2 16.9 16.5
18:00 16.8 16.6 16.5 16.3 18.9 18.6 18.5 18.2 19.1 19.0 18.8 18.5 16.9 16.7 16.4 16.3
CK 8:00 15.4 15.2 15.1 14.6 16.8 16.4 16.0 15.8 18.1 17.8 17.6 17.4 15.8 15.5 15.3 16.8
14:00 17.0 16.8 16.7 16.1 18.2 18.0 17.5 17.1 19.0 18.7 18.5 18.2 17.3 16.9 16.8 16.5
18:00 16.5 16.2 16.0 15.4 17.8 17.5 17.0 16.8 17.2 17.1 17.0 16.9 16.8 16.5 16.3 16.1

Table 3

The effects of different covering materials on soil moisture contents %"

土层深度
Soil
depth (cm)		 处理
Treatment		 出苗期
Emergence
period		 拔节期
Jointing
stage		 抽雄期
Tasseling
stage		 成熟期
Maturation
stage
0~10 T1 19.84a 18.60a 16.38a 18.58a
T2 18.10ab 16.40ab 15.50b 17.80ab
T3 17.54b 15.50b 15.22b 17.08ab
CK 16.90c 14.50c 14.00c 16.92b
10~20 T1 20.10a 19.42a 17.12a 19.32a
T2 19.45ab 16.90b 16.40b 18.45b
T3 18.20b 16.20b 16.10b 17.21c
CK 17.36c 15.30c 14.82c 17.18c

Fig.1

The effects of different covering materials on the distribution of maize roots"

Table 4

Differences in degradation process of different covering materials 月-日Month-day"

材料
Material		 诱导阶段
Induction phase		 破裂阶段
Fracture		 崩解阶段
Disintegration		 完全崩解
Completely disintegrated		 完全降解阶段
Complete degradation
普通地膜Ordinary plastic film 08-10
全生物降解渗水地膜
Fully biodegradable permeable plastic film		 05-05
 05-20
 06-10
 08-15
 09-10
普通渗水地膜Ordinary permeable plastic film 06-05 07-21 09-20

Table 5

The effects of different covering materials on the growth period of maize"

处理
Treatment		 播种日期（月-日）
Sowing date
(month-day)		 出苗日期（月-日）
Date of emergence
(month-day)		 拔节日期（月-日）
Date of jointing
(month-day)		 抽雄日期（月-日）
Date of tasseling
(month-day)		 成熟日期（月-日）
Date of maturation
(month-day)		 全生育期
Whole growth
period (d)
T1 04-25 05-02 06-10 07-15 09-10 138
T2 04-25 05-02 06-10 07-15 09-11 139
T3 04-25 05-03 06-11 07-16 09-13 141
CK 04-25 05-04 06-13 07-19 09-16 144

Fig.2

The effects of different covering materials on maize yield Different lowercase letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 level."

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