Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 156-164.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.021

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Regulation Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Basal-Topdressing Ratio on Nicotine Synthesis and Key Enzyme Activities of Flue-Cured Tobacco

Yang Tianxu1(), Li Jincheng1, Huang Ruiyin1, Deng Wenjun2, Wang Jun3, Wang Wei2, Cai Yixia2()   

  1. 1China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510310, Guangdong, China
    2College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
    3Guangdong Institute of Tobacco Science, Shaoguan 512029, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2023-12-07 Revised:2024-03-15 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-06-03

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Abstract:

In order to resolve the problem of low nicotine content in upper and middle tobacco leaves after baking in the Shaoguan tobacco area of Guangdong, the effects of nitrogen application rate and basal-topdressing ratio regulation on nicotine synthesis and key enzyme activity of flue-cured tobacco were explored. Yueyan 1 was used as the experimental material. The nitrogen application rates were 135, 165, 195 kg/ha and the basal-topdressing ratios were 3:7, 5:5 and 7:3. The tobacco plants in each growth stage were collected, and the root biomass, root activity, dry matter amount, nicotine content and accumulation of tobacco leaves in each part, nicotine content and accumulation of flue-cured tobacco leaves were measured and analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and basal-topdressing ratio used by local farmers, under the condition of 195 kg/ha nitrogen application rate and the ratio of base to topdressing of 3:7, the root biomass increased significantly, the root activity increased, and the PMT activity in roots increased significantly. The activities of NND and MTHRF1 decreased, the proline concentration in roots decreased, the nicotine content in roots increased, the dry matter amount of the aboveground tobacco leaves was higher, and the nicotine content and accumulation of the tobacco leaves increased. The nicotine content of the upper and middle leaves of the flue-cured tobacco reached 29.68 and 27.56 mg/g, respectively, the nicotine content is basically within the normal range of nicotine content in tobacco leaves.

Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Nitrogen application rate, Basal-topdressing ratio regulation, Nicotine synthesis, Key enzymes activity of nicotine synthesis

Table 1

The type and amount of fertilizer used in different fertilization periods of each treatment kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 移栽前
Before transplanting		 提苗期
Seedling raising stage		 培土前
Before earthing		 移栽后45d
45 days after transplanting		 打顶后
After topping
发酵型菜籽粕有机肥
Fermented rapeseed
meal organic fertilizer
(N:P2O5:K2O=4:2:2)		 烟草专用复合肥
Compound fertilizer
for tobacco (N:
P2O5:K2O=13:8:15)		 烟草专用复合肥
Compound fertilizer
for tobacco (N:
P2O5:K2O=13:8:15)		 烟草专用复合肥
Compound fertilizer
for tobacco (N:
P2O5:K2O=13:8:15)		 硝酸钾复合肥
Potassium nitrate
compound fertilizer
(N:P2O5:K2O=12:0:45)		 硫酸钾
Potassium
sulfate
(K2O 50%)
A1B1 562.5 150.0 225 390.0 112.5 112.5
A1B2 562.5 345.0 165 255.0 112.5 112.5
A1B3 562.5 555.0 90 120.0 112.5 112.5
A2B1 562.5 225.0 240 435.0 217.5 112.5
A2B2 562.5 525.0 165 210.0 217.5 112.5
A2B3 562.5 712.5 90 97.5 217.5 112.5
A3B1 562.5 300.0 360 390.0 300.0 112.5
A3B2 562.5 600.0 195 255.0 300.0 112.5
A3B3 562.5 885.0 45 120.0 300.0 112.5

Fig.1

Effects of nitrogen application rate and basal-topdressing ratio on root biomass Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05), the same below."

Fig.2

Effects of nitrogen application rate and basal-topdressing ratio on root activity"

Fig.3

Effects of nitrogen application rate and basal-topdressing ratio on the content of root Pro"

Fig.4

Effects of nitrogen application rate and basal-topdressing ratio on the activities of ADC, ODC and PMT in roots"

Fig.5

Effects of nitrogen application rate and basal-topdressing ratio on the activities of NND and MTHRF1 in roots"

Fig.6

Effects of nitrogen application rate and basal-topdressing ratio on dry matter amount of tobacco leaves in different parts of flue-cured tobacco"

Table 2

Effects of nitrogen application rate and basal-topdressing ratio on nicotine content and accumulation in flue-cured tobacco roots"

处理
Treatment		 移栽后75 d
75 days after transplanting		 移栽后90 d
90 days after transplanting		 移栽后105 d
105 days after transplanting		 移栽后132 d
132 days after transplanting
含量
Content
(mg/g)		 积累量（mg/株）
Accumulation
(mg/plant)		 含量
Content
(mg/g)		 积累量（mg/株）
Accumulation
(mg/plant)		 含量
Content
(mg/g)		 积累量（mg/株）
Accumulation
(mg/plant)		 含量
Content
(mg/g)		 积累量（mg/株）
Accumulation
(mg/plant)
A1B1 4.89±0.12c 206.98±11.21c 10.92±0.04c 1590.68±43.64c 10.07±0.29c 1321.15±56.41c 8.23±0.10c 1019.82±18.71c
A1B2 3.86±0.04e 145.52±8.98e 10.60±0.02d 1368.30±15.90e 9.10±0.31ef 1069.25±70.59e 7.87±0.04d 866.58±31.81e
A1B3 3.18±0.04g 92.05±8.11g 9.49±0.10f 972.56±24.83g 8.25±0.26g 821.29±39.87g 6.99±0.25f 654.09±37.09g
A2B1 5.31±0.25b 312.77±8.78b 11.30±0.33b 1710.49±106.85b 10.59±0.16b 1442.85±66.97b 8.66±0.09b 111.60±32.74b
A2B2 4.22±0.08d 168.15±9.91d 10.74±0.02cd 1468.56±36.40d 9.54±0.02de 1172.62±39.97d 8.00±0.06cd 883.10±36.38e
A2B3 3.35±0.09fg 110.44±3.42fg 9.76±0.18f 1109.66±48.55f 8.50±0.12g 907.24±43.31fg 7.45±0.14e 761.73±22.88f
A3B1 6.10±0.32a 408.44±22.92a 12.30±0.23a 2025.34±80.09a 11.29±0.42a 1711.45±94.58a 9.00±0.14a 1311.28±43.44a
A3B2 4.45±0.05d 181.03±10.49d 10.84±0.01cd 1503.83±26.60cd 9.65±0.13cd 1201.20±45.84d 8.10±0.04c 956.45±20.08d
A3B3 3.58±0.18ef 122.37±6.75f 10.16±0.23e 1180.57±56.50f 8.77±0.02f 975.20±32.87ef 7.64±0.04e 808.38±21.48f
A 48.98** 141.47** 46.86** 48.45** 24.25** 34.54** 50.08** 77.58**
B 380.99** 764.19** 225.71** 340.19** 192.41** 238.84** 260.17** 406.20**
A×B 5.78** 56.11** 9.58** 7.64** 2.53** 5.64** 4.46 10.35**

Table 3

Effects of nitrogen application rate and basal-topdressing ratio on nicotine contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves mg/g"

处理
Treatment		 移栽后75 d 75 days after transplanting 移栽后90 d 90 days after transplanting
上部叶Upper leaf 中部叶Middle leaf 下部叶Lower leaf 上部叶Upper leaf 中部叶Middle leaf 下部叶Lower leaf
A1B1 15.35±0.10c 14.03±0.23b 8.29±0.42b 23.42±1.11cd 18.21±0.47de 9.93±0.06b
A1B2 14.43±0.06de 13.18±0.18cd 7.31±0.16d 22.06±1.15d 16.86±0.30e 9.17±0.31c
A1B3 14.04±0.06f 12.15±0.08e 6.02±0.10f 21.15±0.83d 14.88±0.35f 7.82±0.02d
A2B1 15.95±0.45b 14.20±0.08ab 8.58±0.14b 25.53±0.84bc 20.38±0.43c 10.91±0.12a
A2B2 14.50±0.05d 13.38±0.02c 7.68±0.10c 23.46±0.48cd 18.66±0.68d 9.06±0.29c
A2B3 14.13±0.01f 12.49±0.40e 6.24±0.11f 23.08±0.86d 16.94±0.31e 7.73±0.16d
A3B1 16.45±0.08a 14.53±0.08a 8.95±0.12a 28.62±1.54a 26.40±0.69a 11.02±0.10a
A3B2 14.64±0.06d 13.50±0.02c 7.91±0.14c 27.40±1.39ab 23.83±0.93b 10.24±0.39b
A3B3 14.17±0.04ef 12.91±0.44d 6.66±0.16e 26.64±2.32ab 22.80±1.62b 9.51±0.44c
A 20.67** 12.17** 26.07** 40.99** 249.65** 63.84**
B 316.77** 131.76** 346.75** 7.30** 47.03** 178.80**
A×B 8.67** 0.79 0.24 0.10 0.57 9.42**

Fig.7

Effects of nitrogen application rate and basal-topdressing ratio on nicotine contents and accumulation in flue-cured tobacco leaves"

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