高淀粉马铃薯初级核心种质资源的遗传多样性分析

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.008

Abstract

Abstract:

A total of 62 high-starch potato primary core germplasm resources from 13 countries and organizations was used as experimental materials to analyze the genetic diversity of the high-starch potato primary core germplasms using 54 phenotypic trait data and SSR molecular data of 19 pairs of polymorphic primers. The results showed that the 62 primary core germplasm resources contained most of descriptors of the 54 phenotypic traits of the potato description specification, only eight traits did not contain whole descriptors, and the missing descriptors are mostly the types of lacking and scarce resources in China's resource pool. Diversity index for the 47 quality traits ranged from 0.0633 to 1.3043, and the average diversity index was 0.8197. Diversity indexes of the seven quantitative traits were between 1.0701 and 1.3152, and the average genetic diversity index was 1.1630. The genetic diversity of quantitative traits was generally higher than that of quality traits, with more variation, which was conducive to the selection of germplasm resources in practical application. By performing the correlation analysis of the seven quantitative traits, the correlation between the starch content and other quantitative traits were clarified. The 19 pairs of primers amplified 116 polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphism was 96.72%. On average, each pair of primers amplified 6.26 bands, with an average of 6.26 alleles and 3.9931 effective alleles. Nei's gene diversity index varied from 0.3735 to 0.8480, and the Shannon- Wiener diversity index varied from 0.6624 to 2.0123. Cluster analysis was conducted using 54 phenotypic data and 19 pairs of polymorphic primer SSR molecular data, both of which were able to classify 62 high-starch potato primary core germplasms into four groups. The classification results based on the two data have an overlap degree of about 50%, reflecting the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 62 germplasm resources at the two levels of phenotype and gene.

Key words: Potato, Core germplasm, Genetic diversity, Molecular data

Sun Bangsheng, Song Jiling, Yang Mengping, Xing Jinyue, Hu Zunyan, Hao Zhiyong, Li Jinghua, Liu Chunsheng. Genetic Diversity Analysis of High Starch Potato Primary Core Germplasm Resources[J].Crops, 2025, 41(3): 52-60.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Types and sources of test materials"

序号Number	品种（系）Variety (line)	来源Source	类型Type	序号Number	品种（系）Variety (line)	来源Source	类型Type
1	Atlantic	美国	选育品种	32	克新12号	中国	选育品种
2	Bia(Nex32)	CIP	选育品种	33	乌沟沟	中国	地方品种
3	BL-2.9	英国	品系	34	CFS-69.1	墨西哥	品系
4	Canus	CIP	选育品种	35	R2R4	CIP	遗传材料
5	CFR-69.1	墨西哥	品系	36	波S	波兰	选育品种
6	F-7	CIP	品系	63	E86.695	CIP	品系
7	G7953-3	CIP	品系	38	合作88	中国	选育品种
8	Gasore	卢旺达	选育品种	39	呼自278	中国	品系
9	Schwalbe	东德	选育品种	40	晋薯2号	中国	选育品种
10	Wn630-5	美国	品系	41	蒙伊7616-4	中国	品系
11	Yukon Gold	加拿大	选育品种	42	南中552	中国	品系
12	安薯56号	中国	选育品种	43	胜利1号	中国	选育品种
13	白俄3号	白俄罗斯	选育品种	44	Attatic	CIP	选育品种
14	波BR	波兰	品系	45	BZURA	CIP	选育品种
15	川771-56	中国	品系	46	INIAP FRIPAPA 99	CIP	选育品种
16	狗头山药	中国	地方品种	47	Ns51-5	CIP	品系
17	晋薯7号	中国	选育品种	48	NS78-11-1	CIP	品系
18	克新7号	中国	选育品种	49	藏薯1号	中国	选育品种
19	宁薯7号	中国	选育品种	50	春薯3号	中国	选育品种
20	青薯168	中国	品系	51	克6717-36	中国	品系
21	信宜红皮	中国	地方品种	52	拉迪路塞塔	荷兰	选育品种
22	Atzimba	CIP	选育品种	53	陇薯3号	中国	选育品种
23	Beaty of Hebron	CIP	选育品种	54	日本高淀粉	中国	选育品种
24	Fortuna	西德	选育品种	55	Aquila	德国	选育品种
25	INIAP ROSITA	CIP	选育品种	56	CFK69.1	墨西哥	品系
26	M.Oueira	CIP	选育品种	57	Dorita	CIP	选育品种
27	Robusta	德国	选育品种	58	I-1085	CIP	品系
28	白麻洋芋	中国	地方品种	59	Wauseon	CIP	选育品种
29	波PI	波兰	品系	60	ΦИΤΟΦΤОРОУСТО	俄罗斯	选育品种
30	呼8216-14	中国	品系	61	虎头	中国	选育品种
31	呼自77-106	中国	品系	62	深眼窝	中国	地方品种

Table 1

Table 2

Diversity analysis of quality traits"

编号 Number	质量性状 Quality trait		规范描述符个数 Number of specification descriptors	现有描述符个数 Number of existing descriptors	性状包含率 Trait inclusion rate (%)	多样性指数 Diversity index
1	幼芽基部形状		5	5	100	0.2854	13	柱头形状		3	3	100		0.7719
2	幼芽基部颜色		7	6	86	0.1484	14	柱头颜色		3	3	100		0.5985
3	幼芽顶部形状		3	3	100	0.0633	15	柱头长短		3	3	100		0.6363
4	幼芽基部茸毛密度		3	3	100	0.1390	16	花药形状		3	3	100		0.5016
5	幼芽顶部茸毛		3	3	100	0.2526	17	花药颜色		3	3	100		0.5488
6	株形		3	3	100	0.9400	18	花粉育性		4	4	100		1.1089
7	分枝数		3	3	100	1.0530	19	天然结实性		5	5	100		1.3043
8	植株繁茂性		3	3	100	1.0462	20	薯形		17	7	41		1.2948
9	茎翼形状		3	3	100	1.0530	21	皮色		12	8	67		1.1319
10	茎色		5	5	100	0.9721	22	肉色		11	5	45		0.8354
11	叶色		3	3	100	0.5946	23	芽眼深浅		3	3	100		0.4862
12	叶表面光泽度		3	3	100	1.0709	24	芽眼色		2	2	100		0.4862
25		叶缘	3	3	100	0.9400	37		芽眼数	3	3	100	0.8475
26		叶片茸毛数	4	4	100	1.0462	38		薯皮光滑度	3	3	100	1.0122
27		小叶着生密集度	3	3	100	0.9772	39		结薯集中性	3	3	100	0.9561
28		顶小叶宽度	3	3	100	0.6684	40		块茎整齐度	3	3	100	0.8638
29		顶小叶形状	6	5	83	1.0867	41		块茎大小	3	3	100	0.9400
30		顶小叶基部形状	3	3	100	0.6830	42		休眠性	4	4	100	0.7089
31		托叶形状	3	3	100	1.0985	43		熟性	6	4	67	1.0968
32		花冠形状	3	3	100	0.4862	44		食味	3	2	67	0.9453
33		花冠大小	3	3	100	0.9829	45		炸片品质	3	3	100	1.0709
34		花冠颜色	8	6	75	1.0855	46		炸条品质	3	3	100	1.0867
35		花柄节颜色	2	2	100	0.4862	47		晚疫病抗性	5	5	100	1.0855
36		开花繁茂性	4	4	100	1.0473

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.1

Table 5

Genetic diversity analysis of molecular data"

引物名称 Primer Name	多态性位点 Polymorphic loci	多态性位点百分率 Percentage of polymorphic loci (%)	等位基因数 Number of alleles	有效等位基因数 Number of effective alleles	Nei's基因多样性指数 Nei's gene diversity Index	H′	引物序列 Primer sequence
STM0030	8	100	8	4.4743	0.7771	1.6527	AGAGATCGATGTAAAACACGT GTGGCATTTTGATGGATT
STM0037	9	100	9	5.0354	0.8013	1.7590	AATTTAACTTAGAAGATTAGTCTC ATTTGGTTGGGTATGATA
STM1031	3	100	3	2.0484	0.5042	0.8364	TGTGTTTGTTTTTCTGTAT AATTCTATCCTCATCTCTA
STM1049	5	100	5	3.3613	0.7034	1.3194	CTACCAGTTTGTTGATTGTGGTG AGGGACTTTAATTTGTTGGACG
STM1053	2	66.7	3	1.8228	0.4514	0.6840	TCTCCCCATCTTAATGTTTC TCTCCCCATCTTAATGTTTC
STM1104	6	100	6	3.8417	0.740	1.5173	TGATTCTCTTGCCTACTGTAATCG CAAAGTGGTGTGAAGCTGTGA
STM2013	7	100	7	5.2743	0.8103	1.7655	TTCGGAATTACCCTCTGCC AAAAAAAGAACGCGCACG
STM3023a	4	100	4	2.7412	0.6352	1.1149	AAGCTGTTACTTGATTGCTGCA GTTCTGGCATTTCCATCTAGAGA
STP0Ac58	3	100	3	1.5962	0.3735	0.6624	TTGATGAAAGGAATGCAGCTTGTG ACGTTAAAGAAGTGAGAGTACGAC
ST1051	9	100	9	3.9370	0.7460	1.6712	GGTCTCCATTAGCCCTCTGAG ACATAAATGGATCACACA
SSR594	4	100	4	3.2981	0.6973	1.2556	TTCGTTGAAGAAGATGATGGTC CAAAGAGAACAAGCATCCAAGA
SSR111	6	100	6	4.8780	0.7951	1.6865	TTCTTCCCTTCCATCAGTTCT TTTGCTGCTATACTGCTGACA
STM2022	10	90.9	11	6.5789	0.8480	2.0123	GCGTCAGCGATTTCAGTACTA TTCAGTCAACTCCTGTTGCG
STM3012	4	100	4	3.1817	0.6863	1.2579	CAACTCAAACCAGAAGGCAAA GAGAAATGGGCACAAAAAACA
STI034	10	100	10	4.4662	0.7764	1.9552	CAAGAAACCAAGAGCAAATTTCA TGGCGAATGTGAGAAACAAA
STI033	8	100	8	5.7971	0.8280	1.8557	TGAGGGTTTTCAGAAAGGGA CATCCTTGCAACAACCTCCT
STI027	9	100	9	4.9504	0.7984	1.7061	CGCAAATCTTCATCCGATTC TCCGGCGGATAATACTTGTT
STI025	4	80	5	3.6832	0.7291	1.3733	CTGCCGCAAAAAGTGAAAAC TGAATGTAGGCCAAATTTTGAA
STI017	5	100	5	3.7622	0.7344	1.3940	TATGGAAATTCCGGTGATGG GACGGTGACAAAGAGGAAGG
平均值 Average	6.11	96.72	6.26	3.9931	0.7071	1.4463

Table 5

Fig.2

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性状 Trait	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Average	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	多样性指数 Diversity index
淀粉含量Starch content (%)	17.0	23.94	20.06	17.39	1.0701
干物质含量Dry matter content (%)	19.85	29.69	22.90	19.73	1.2342
株高Plant height (cm)	43	100	45	28.69	1.0733
茎粗Stem diameter (cm)	0.52	1.99	0.96	21.77	1.3152
主茎数Number of main stems	1	14	5.13	17.17	1.2372
生育期Growth period (d)	93	135	108	14.81	1.0742
产量Yield (kg/hm²)	8214	66643	25646	42.49	1.1365

性状 Trait	株高 Plant height	主茎数 Number of main stems	茎粗 Stem diameter	产量 Yield	干物质含量 Dry matter content	淀粉含量 Starch content	生育期 Growth period
株高Plant height	1.000
主茎数Number of main stems	0.079	1.000
茎粗Stem diamete	0.111	-0.096	1.000
产量Yield	0.417^**	0.332^*	0.065	1.000
干物质含量Dry matter content	0.100	0.176	-0.172	-0.031	1.000
淀粉含量Starch content	0.053	0.114	-0.179	-0.013	0.907^**	1.000
生育期Growth period	0.189	0.147	0.346^*	0.429^**	0.401^**	0.313^*	1.000

Genetic Diversity Analysis of High Starch Potato Primary Core Germplasm Resources

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