Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 47-53.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.007

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Genetic Diversity Analysis of 69 Maize Germplasm Resources Based on SSR Markers

Chang Hongbing1(), Wang Chen1, He Meijing1, Cao Ximin1, Yu Fengfang1, Cao Xiaoliang1, Song Wei2(), Lü Aizhi1()   

  1. 1Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
    2Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2024-01-23 Revised:2024-03-19 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16

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Abstract:

In order to broaden the genetic basis of maize inbred lines in Hebei province and accelerate the development and utilization of excellent germplasms, SSR markers were used to analyze genetic diversity of 39 inbred lines and 30 varieties. The results showed that a total of 97 alleles were amplified from 32 polymorphic SSR markers, with an average of three alleles amplified per primer pair. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 68.75%. The average number of effective alleles, Shannon information index, expected heterozygosity, and PIC values of the primers were 1.40, 0.31, 0.20, and 0.27, respectively. The genetic distance of the maize population ranged from 0.103 to 0.844, and the inbred lines had the closest genetic exchange with varieties from Hebei province and Beijing, with relatively close genetic relationships and smaller genetic distances of 0.140 and 0.155, respectively, showing a certain degree of correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. The test materials were divided to five groups by cluster analysis, and the inbred lines were clearly distinguished; The varieties from the three northeast provinces of China, Gansu, and some parts of Hebei and Beijing were grouped together, and most of the cultivated crops in the region mature once a year. The eight early maturing varieties were closely related, indicating that SSR markers could to some extent distinguish germplasm types. The genetic diversity and purity of inbred lines are the highest, which can be further selected and utilized.

Key words: SSR marker, Maize, Germplasm resource, Genetic diversity

Table 1

Basic information of the test materials"

编号
Number		 名称
Name		 育成地
Breeding area		 编号
Number		 名称
Name		 育成地
Breeding area		 编号
Number		 名称
Name		 育成地
Breeding area
1 WL134 河北 24 X324 河北 47 联创825 北京
2 冀42 河北 25 Z598 河北 48 中科玉505 北京
3 A87 河北 26 L91158 河北 49 吉单27 东北三省
4 X372 河北 27 H86B 河北 50 利合228 山西
5 X302 河北 28 承玉33 河北 51 先玉1802 东北三省
6 石359 河北 29 锦华105 北京 52 C7367 甘肃
7 外杂11 河北 30 巡天1102 河北 53 义超863 东北三省
8 冀H521 河北 31 飞天358 湖北 54 科沃8904 东北三省
9 H1710 河北 32 农华101 北京 55 G1938 甘肃
10 H74 河北 33 京科968 北京 56 C2235 甘肃
11 L117 河北 34 先玉335 东北三省 57 685 山东
12 HF138-1 河北 35 杂交农大108 北京 58 604母 河北
13 衡H14 河北 36 隆平206 安徽 59 冀18FF 河北
14 JN1028 河北 37 农大372 北京 60 903母 河北
15 W25 河北 38 京农科728 北京 61 掖476 河北
16 L5895 河北 39 裕丰303 北京 62 H92 河北
17 石1447 河北 40 纪元196 河北 63 WL134 河北
18 B132 河北 41 纪元168 河北 64 冀42 河北
19 农系3435 河北 42 DM1 东北三省 65 H521W 河北
20 H59 河北 43 鹏玉1号 东北三省 66 冀5F 河北
21 X522 河北 44 纪元155 河北 67 冀75F父 河北
22 冀57 河北 45 纪元128 河北 68 K36 河北
23 JN1118 河北 46 纪元1号 河北 69 S221 河北

Table 2

Genetic diversity index of 32 loci in the tested maize germplasm resources"

位点Locus Na Ne I Ho He F PIC
201 1.56 1.23 0.23 0.02 0.14 0.71 0.20
202 1.56 1.36 0.29 0.01 0.19 0.93 0.28
203 1.89 1.75 0.54 0.45 0.38 -0.18 0.49
204 1.78 1.40 0.38 0.28 0.24 0.05 0.24
205 1.56 1.29 0.27 0.21 0.17 -0.11 0.15
209 1.78 1.55 0.39 0.20 0.25 0.14 0.29
210 1.89 1.72 0.47 0.12 0.30 0.55 0.36
213 1.89 1.51 0.43 0.14 0.28 0.53 0.33
214 1.44 1.18 0.17 0.00 0.11 1.00 0.16
215 1.56 1.20 0.22 0.00 0.13 1.00 0.20
216 1.33 1.07 0.10 0.03 0.06 0.51 0.08
217 1.44 1.17 0.19 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.15
218 1.44 1.32 0.24 0.00 0.16 1.00 0.25
219 2.00 1.66 0.43 0.01 0.25 0.96 0.38
220 1.44 1.34 0.27 0.00 0.19 1.00 0.22
221 1.56 1.29 0.29 0.00 0.19 1.00 0.23
222 2.22 2.05 0.58 0.01 0.34 0.96 0.51
223 1.22 1.19 0.14 0.00 0.10 1.00 0.12
224 1.78 1.53 0.40 0.00 0.25 1.00 0.38
225 1.67 1.49 0.30 0.00 0.18 1.00 0.28
226 1.56 1.26 0.24 0.06 0.16 0.54 0.23
227 1.67 1.41 0.35 0.00 0.22 1.00 0.33
228 1.44 1.25 0.22 0.00 0.14 1.00 0.21
229 1.44 1.28 0.25 0.00 0.17 1.00 0.20
230 1.56 1.37 0.30 0.03 0.20 0.84 0.30
232 1.56 1.33 0.27 0.00 0.17 1.00 0.26
234 2.00 1.57 0.47 0.15 0.29 0.53 0.36
235 1.44 1.19 0.17 0.01 0.10 0.88 0.15
237 1.44 1.28 0.25 0.00 0.17 1.00 0.20
238 2.00 1.59 0.44 0.00 0.27 1.00 0.40
240 1.89 1.54 0.43 0.14 0.27 0.49 0.41
603 1.44 1.31 0.26 0.00 0.18 1.00 0.21
平均Mean 1.64 1.40 0.31 0.06 0.20 0.73 0.27

Table 3

Genetic analysis of various loci within the maize population"

位点Locus 近交系数Fis 分化系数Fst 基因流Nm
201 0.84 0.76 0.08
202 0.93 0.51 0.24
203 -0.18 0.17 1.27
204 -0.16 0.21 0.96
205 -0.19 0.24 0.79
209 0.22 0.35 0.46
210 0.59 0.55 0.21
213 0.49 0.39 0.39
214 1.00 0.25 0.74
215 1.00 0.60 0.17
216 0.50 0.77 0.08
217 0.27 0.14 1.61
218 1.00 0.68 0.12
219 0.97 0.63 0.15
220 1.00 0.53 0.22
221 1.00 0.59 0.17
222 0.96 0.44 0.31
223 1.00 0.68 0.12
224 1.00 0.51 0.24
225 1.00 0.56 0.20
226 0.64 0.31 0.56
227 1.00 0.58 0.18
228 1.00 0.72 0.10
229 1.00 0.53 0.22
230 0.88 0.53 0.23
232 1.00 0.52 0.23
234 0.48 0.38 0.41
235 0.88 0.21 0.92
237 1.00 0.55 0.20
238 1.00 0.56 0.20
240 0.50 0.50 0.25
603 1.00 0.52 0.23

Table 4

Genetic differentiation coefficient and Nm among maize populations"

地区
Area		 自交系
Inbred
line		 河北
Hebei		 北京
Beijing		 东北三省
Three provinces in the
northeast of China		 甘肃
Gansu		 湖北
Hubei		 安徽
Anhui		 山西
Shanxi		 山东
Shandong
自交系Inbred line *** 2.883 2.492 2.007 0.957 0.673 0.686 0.542 0.517
河北Hebei 0.080 *** 2.712 2.289 1.064 0.437 0.840 0.610 0.520
北京Beijing 0.091 0.084 *** 2.607 0.942 0.490 0.880 0.531 0.443
东北三省
Three provinces in the northeast of China		 0.111
 0.098
 0.087
 ***
 1.833
 0.348
 0.955
 0.899
 0.537
甘肃Gansu 0.207 0.190 0.210 0.120 *** 0.160 0.354 0.383 0.433
湖北Hubei 0.271 0.364 0.338 0.418 0.610 *** 0.053 0.053 0.063
安徽Anhui 0.267 0.229 0.221 0.207 0.414 0.825 *** 0.043 0.034
山西Shanxi 0.316 0.291 0.320 0.218 0.395 0.824 0.852 *** 0.050
山东Shandong 0.326 0.325 0.361 0.318 0.366 0.800 0.879 0.833 ***

Table 5

Genetic diversity information of maize populations from different sources"

地区Area 样本数量Sample number Na Ne I Ho He PIC
自交系Inbred line 39 2.94 2.18 0.83 0.01 0.50 0.48
河北Hebei 7 2.03 1.64 0.53 0.06 0.35 0.33
北京Beijing 9 2.09 1.64 0.54 0.08 0.34 0.33
东北三省Three provinces in the northeast of China 6 2.00 1.55 0.48 0.06 0.30 0.29
甘肃Gansu 4 1.41 1.27 0.23 0.06 0.16 0.15
湖北Hubei 1 1.16 1.16 0.11 0.16 0.08 0.07
安徽Anhui 1 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
山西Shanxi 1 1.06 1.06 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.03
山东Shandong 1 1.06 1.06 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.03
平均Mean 1.64 1.40 0.31 0.06 0.20 0.19

Table 6

Genetic distance and genetic similarity matrix of different type materials from different regions"

地区
Area		 自交系
Inbred
line		 河北
Hebei		 北京
Beijing		 东北三省
Three provinces in the
northeast of China		 甘肃
Gansu		 湖北
Hubei		 安徽
Anhui		 山西
Shanxi		 山东
Shandong
自交系Inbred line *** 0.869 0.856 0.829 0.732 0.703 0.735 0.628 0.606
河北Hebei 0.140 *** 0.898 0.876 0.800 0.617 0.833 0.714 0.667
北京Beijing 0.155 0.107 *** 0.899 0.767 0.662 0.853 0.691 0.619
东北三省
Three provinces in the northeast of China		 0.188
 0.133
 0.106
 ***
 0.902
 0.563
 0.854
 0.833
 0.713
甘肃Gansu 0.312 0.224 0.265 0.103 *** 0.448 0.809 0.818 0.861
湖北Hubei 0.353 0.483 0.412 0.575 0.803 *** 0.504 0.331 0.430
安徽Anhui 0.307 0.182 0.159 0.158 0.212 0.684 *** 0.762 0.699
山西Shanxi 0.465 0.336 0.370 0.183 0.201 1.107 0.272 *** 0.677
山东Shandong 0.501 0.406 0.480 0.338 0.150 0.844 0.359 0.389 ***

Fig.1

Cluster diagram (a) and cluster group principal component analysis diagram (b) of the tested maize materials"

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