Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 132-139.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.06.016

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Analysis and Evaluation of Grain Appearance Quality Traits in Rice Germplasm Resources under Heat Stress during Flowering Stage

Chen Lei1(), Tang Maoyan1(), Zhang Zhanying2, Zhong Xiaoyuan1, Gao Guoqing1, Zhang Xiaoli1, Liang Tianfeng1(), Pan Yinghua1()   

  1. 1 Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
    2 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2024-09-18 Revised:2024-10-25 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-12

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Abstract:

To investigate the heat resistance related to grain appearance quality traits in different rice germplasm resources, 347 rice core germplasms from both domestic and international sources were used as the experimental materials and treated with high temperature during the flowering stage in a phytotron, and six rice grain appearance quality traits including grain length, grain width, grain length-to-width ratio, transparency, chalkiness rate, and chalkiness degree were determined after harvest. The heat tolerance of different rice germplasms was comprehensively evaluated using methods such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, membership function analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of various traits was 12.19%-48.49% under high temperature treatment and 12.83%-83.29% under control condition, respectively. Compared with the control condition, the grain length, grain width, grain length-to-width ratio, and grain transparency were highly significantly reduced under heat stress at anthesis, while the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree were highly significantly increased. Correlation analysis revealed a (highly) significant correlation among various traits under high temperature treatment and control conditions. Principal component analysis extracted three principal component factors with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.49%. The comprehensive evaluation value (F-value) of heat tolerance was obtained according to the eigenvectors and weights of each principal component, and the F-value was subjected to cluster analysis to classify the 347 rice germplasm resources into five groups, including strong heat-tolerant type, heat-tolerant type, intermediate type, heat-sensitive type, and high heat-sensitive type. Through stepwise regression analysis, an optimal linear regression equation (F-value prediction model) was established between the F-value and the heat tolerance coefficient of rice appearance quality traits. According to this formula, grain length and chalkiness degree were selected as two suitable indicators for identifying and evaluating heat tolerance related to rice appearance quality under heat stress at anthesis, which had high accuracy.

Key words: Rice, Heat stress, Grain appearance quality, Factor analysis, Comprehensive evaluation

Fig.1

Appearance quality traits of rice grain under heat stress and natural condition"

Table 1

Analysis of rice appearance quality traits under heat stress and natural condition"

处理Treatment 指标Index 粒长GL (mm) 粒宽GW (mm) 粒长宽比GLWR 透明度TP 垩白粒率GCR (%) 垩白度CD (%)
HT 最大值 6.10 2.78 3.29 5.00 100.00 78.40
最小值 2.53 1.50 1.40 1.00 3.66 1.34
平均值 4.74 2.13 2.27 3.29 77.32 40.42
标准差 0.58 0.29 0.45 1.07 23.94 19.60
变异系数CV (%) 12.19 13.40 19.95 32.58 30.97 48.49
CK 最大值 6.80 2.94 3.57 5.00 100.00 71.90
最小值 3.47 1.39 1.42 1.00 2.52 0.59
平均值 5.22 2.21 2.42 2.75 56.30 19.66
标准差 0.67 0.30 0.53 1.12 28.46 16.37
变异系数CV (%) 12.83 13.37 21.90 40.63 50.55 83.29
D值D-value 平均值 (%) -8.51 -3.02 -5.02 42.34 107.51 324.21
变异系数CV (%) -117.94 -297.55 -208.65 202.35 221.37 152.41
t检验 10.04 3.45 3.89 6.43 10.53 15.15
P值 *** *** *** *** *** ***

Fig.2

Correlation analysis of grain appearance quality traits in rice (a) correlation analysis of various traits under HT (upper right) and CK (lower left) treatments; (b) correlation analysis of membership function value of heat resistance coefficient of each trait index.“*”indicates significant correlation (P < 0.05),“**”indicates extremely significant correlation (P < 0.01),“***”indicates extremely significant correlation (P < 0.001). The same below."

Table 2

Principal component analysis of heat resistance coefficient of rice appearance quality traits"

指标Index PC1 PC2 PC3
粒长RGL 0.231 0.903 0.343
粒宽RGW -0.138 0.083 0.972
粒长宽比RGLWR 0.339 0.840 -0.405
透明度RTP 0.690 -0.166 -0.148
垩白粒率RGCR 0.844 -0.262 0.198
垩白度RCD 0.891 -0.164 0.143
特征值Eigenvalue 2.170 1.652 1.308
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 36.163 27.531 21.795
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 36.163 63.694 85.489

Table 3

Classification of heat tolerance in 347 rice germplasm resources"

类群Group 份数
Number		 F值
F-value		 种质
Germplasm
Ⅰ 10 >1.093 TKM6、闽恢3301、吉粳88、绥粳8、WEED RICE 13、几占利/粳7623、BRC 25-146-2-1、恢752、2037（Rajahamsal）、二钢矮
Ⅱ 122 0.932~1.067 CO 22、紫米、贵恢2190、阿尔季托/Ардито、斯里兰卡1号、KR200、连粳4号、秀水123、Bala、镇稻99、毫马克（K）、Seberang、武运粳19号、Gajale、晚三、茉莉占选、武粳15、早籼14、矮禾迟、IR77298-14-1-2、Y16B、徐稻5号、几内亚稻、Kalijira 245、Cisanggarung、红旗5号、垦稻12、龙粳24、Taichung Native 1、华564、丰杂、云光8号、IR68897B、R402、长野保持系、紫稻、万利籼、ITA 221、C70、陆引46/滇引陆稻2号、C349、旱恢10号、IR64、嘉育948、五大稻种、桂华占、Inga、SLG1、早熟香黑、红晚1号、齐粒丝苗、Bhavani、红晚1号、Tetep、X21、绥粳4、淮稻9号、兴国、秀水128、P59279、山酒谷、黄壳早廿日、八香/Tam thom、中413、小红谷、MR39、矮陆羽、圭630、柳沙1号、M202、油粘、黄丝桂占、绥粳7、武运粳21、龙粳26、JHONA 349、连粳6号、NPT-114、皖恢057、珍富8、花育560、AZUCENA、须谷糯、金早47、C418、霸王鞭1、02428-IL、PSBRC80、DINORADO、CISOKAN、BG304、Giza159、测253、IR50、IRBB7、JP-5、IR74、油占8号、广陆矮4号、IR68552-55-3-2、明恢77、红杂、中恢8006、IR06G113、PSBRC28、湘早籼31号、KCD1、SAGC-4、IR58821-23-1-3-1、解放籼、Arroz vermelho、绥粳9、盐恢559、MR167、MR106、广恢998、拉木加、ZR02、台中65号/台中HR539、OM997、金南特B、611（荃银引进二系恢）
Ⅲ 185 0.762~0.930 白壳旱禾、粤晶丝苗2号、IAC 150/76、IR661-1、G珍汕97B、武育粳14号、TKM9、IRAT 266、阿尔巴尼亚、五子堆、洞庭晚籼、CT9993-5-10-1-M、红矮糯、Dumai、毫虑光粘、南粳44、三百粒、Tun Sart、香稻、IR65600-27-1-2-2、嘉991、缓阳粘、饿死牛、超恢-1、UPR 191-66、80B、Kogomg 1-1、IRAT 352、金南特43B、麻谷子、Y134、包选21号、矮麻抗、IRAT109、湘早籼45号、FL478、MR19、临果/Ringo、中超123、IRAT109/苏引稻2号、IR42、YR 83-23-11、C71、赤毛、博B、扬粳4038、暹罗斯赤、KASALATH、桂农占、Nionoka、龙稻5、B5-10、To974、六十早、垦鉴稻6、Tai-Zhong-Xian 10、百歌稻、矮脚南特、辐838、Qd_441、IR55419-04、黄皮糯、马尾粘、竹原、TN1、高紫、Matatag2、LX2007、矮移四/IV di tam lun、航1号、80A90YR72078-25、IR 50、特青、扬稻2号、丰华占、IR66897B、117、包协-7B、Sri Raja、Milyang23、Innmayebaw、Bg90-2、黎明B、本邦谷、岳恢9113、沪旱15、临沂塘稻、Pokhreli、乌壳占、Jhona 349、武运粳7号、IET1444、卫国、八宝米、IR6、Khao Mack Kheua、江农早1号B、J34、晋稻1号、Hei Mi Chan、OM1706、88B、B6136-3-TB-0-1-5、辽粳294、BR11、NSIC RC9（APO）、IR55411-53、Basmati、一支香、PMS 10B、CAOZHAO-2、IR26、Jijucas Claro、RP 1570-44-1、通粘1号、乐恢188、粤泰B、水原300粒、SARD、爷驼崽、Maravilha、湘恢299、YR196、浙恢7954、阳壳糯、徐稻3号、Basmati 443、Cisadane、竹珍B、P1790-5-1M-4-5M-1B-3M-B、南高谷、II32B、Type3、三江1、粤香占、BR 2029-2-2-2、龙粳21、K 24、沈农89366、合美占、矮仔占、多57、广陆矮15-1、恩恢58、中广香1号、To463、龙粳20、Padisenemok、武香粳14号、IR64-IL、MR2004、IRBB60、松01-173、WH26、泸恢17、密阳46、泸恢17、IRBB62、华粳籼74、71011、R287、寸谷糯、Bg300、野丝占、农垦58、绿旱1号、早熟农虎6号B、PD29、IR64-IL、黄华占、矮紫、C 894-21、SB90、铁秆乌、美国稻、辽星1号、Rohini、明恢86、Pelde、浙恢7954、Shwe Thwe Yin Hyv、NR 10045-20-3-2、测258、雷火占、Q5
Ⅳ 27 0.565~0.742 京虎B、川香29B、高丽秋、Cs94、Govind、清糯キョハタモチ、桂99、蜀恢527、麻麻谷、R458、蜀恢498、黄丝占、R644、珍桂矮1号、Palung 2、黑督4、高阳淀稻大红芒、PR106、粳7623、B5、Budda、02428/IR60、云粳7、RNR 67580、蜀恢527、9311、NERICA-L-20
Ⅴ 3 <0.525 中华1号、IRAT 10、42686

Table 4

Phenotypic characteristics of different groups"

类群
Group		 各性状耐热系数的平均值
Average heat tolerance coefficient of each trait
RGL RGW RGLWR RTP RGCR RCD
Ⅰ 1.1627 1.1414 1.0611 1.2800 1.1094 1.3405
Ⅱ 0.9845 0.9813 1.0104 1.0904 1.2596 2.2054
Ⅲ 0.8780 0.9583 0.9213 1.4939 2.0028 4.3101
Ⅳ 0.7711 0.9406 0.8338 2.3852 5.2286 11.0674
Ⅴ 0.8238 0.8967 0.9108 2.4444 14.5370 31.1199

Fig.3

Correlation analysis of heat tolerance coefficient of various traits and F-value (a) and comparison between measured and predicted values using Fm model (b)"

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