Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 148-155.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.06.018

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Comprehensive Analysis of Yield and Quality Traits of Wheat Lines in the Northern Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Region

Chen Zhihao1,2(), Wang Ting1,2, Chang Xuhong1, Wang Yanjie1, Liu Xiwei1, Yang Yushuang1, Wang Yujiao1,2, Wang Demei1(), Zhao Guangcai1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2 College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2025-01-02 Revised:2025-01-04 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-12

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Abstract:

In order to understand the effects of different ecological environments on agronomic and quality traits of winter wheat in the northern Huanghuai Winter Wheat region, 24 newly developed wheat lines were used as materials and planted in seven test sites across Hebei, Shandong, and Shanxi provinces. A comprehensive analysis of eight agronomic traits and three quality traits of these tested lines was conducted using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that except for grain hardness, the mean coefficient of variation for the other ten traits across lines was higher than that across environments; the effects of environment, genotype, and environment×genotype on all 11 measured traits reached highly significant levels. The cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components reached 82.67%, and these were transformed into factors for grain weight, grains per spike, grain protein content, milling quality, and plant height according to their contribution rates. In the environmental cluster analysis, the seven test sites could be divided into three categories at a Euclidean distance of 5.0. Category I was characterized by the highest percentage of effective tillers, spike number, and grain yield. In the cluster analysis of lines, the tested lines could be divided into three groups at a Euclidean distance of 7.0. Group I comprised nine lines, exhibited the highest 1000-grain weight, grain length, grain width, grain hardness, and grain protein content, but the lowest spike number, percentage of effective tillers, and grain yield; group Ⅱ comprised four lines, characterized by the highest grains per spike, plant height, and soil bulk density, and relatively high spike number, percentage of effective tillers, and grain yield, but the lowest 1000-grain weight, grain length, grain width, and grain hardness; group Ⅲ comprised 11 lines, which showed the highest spike number, percentage of effective tillers, and grain yield, but the lowest grains per spike and grain protein content. Considering both yield potential and stability, Jimai 340 was the optimal line, approaching an ideal line, while SH478, SH6099, Jinong 160026, Jimai 106, Shannong 651545, Shannong QH005, Shi 17-50514, and Zhongmai 98 performed well. These results can provide germplasm resources and practical guidance for winter wheat selection and breeding in the northern Huanghuai Winter Wheat region.

Key words: Winter wheat, Agronomic traits, Quality traits, Principal component analysis, Cluster analysis

Table 1

Longitude, latitude and altitude of the test sites"

编号
Code		 试验地点
Test site		 经度
Longitude		 纬度
Latitude		 海拔
Altitude (m)
E1 山东德州 116°20′ E 37°21′ N 24.0
E2 河北高邑 114°36′ E 37°38′ N 44.5
E3 山西临汾 112°12′ E 36°09′ N 499.0
E4 山东临沂 118°26′ E 35°01′ N 65.5
E5 山东泰安 116°52′ E 35°58′ N 80.0
E6 河北邢台 114°39′ E 37°06′ N 45.0
E7 山西盐湖 111°01′ E 35°02′ N 376.0

Table 2

Test materials"

编号
Code		 品系
Line		 编号
Code		 品系
Line		 编号
Code		 品系
Line
BP01 GY17050 BP09 济农112 BP17 山农QH005
BP02 GY18180 BP10 济农160026 BP18 石17-50514
BP03 SH3566 BP11 济农Y47 BP19 中麦108
BP04 SH478 BP12 冀麦106 BP20 中麦181
BP05 SH6099 BP13 冀麦340 BP21 中麦7068
BP06 SN676 BP14 金来33 BP22 中麦7138
BP07 航麦2087 BP15 山农651545 BP23 中麦815
BP08 航麦902 BP16 山农710094 BP24 中麦98

Fig.1

Variation coefficients of 11 traits in the tested lines PH: plant height, GL: grain length, GW: grain width, TGW: 1000-grain weight, GPS: grains per spike, SN: spike number, ETP: percentage of effective tillers, SBD: soil bulk density, GH: grain hardness, GPC: grain protein content, GY: grain yield. ◆ is an outlier. The same below."

Fig.2

Variation coefficients of 11 traits in wheat under different environments"

Table 3

Two-way ANOVA for grain yield and traits"

性状
Trait		 F值F-value 贡献率Contribution rate (%)
环境
Environment		 基因型
Genotype		 环境×基因型
Environment×Genotype		 环境
Environment		 基因型
Genotype		 环境×基因型
Environment×Genotype
株高PH 2810.2** 630.5** 38.8** 45.5 39.1 14.5
粒长GL 139.8** 31.8** 3.6** 32.6 28.4 19.3
粒宽GW 148.9** 23.0** 6.4** 32.3 19.2 31.7
千粒重TGW 569.0** 155.5** 13.3** 37.3 39.1 20.0
穗粒数GPS 1208.6** 73.9** 20.9** 59.5 14.0 23.6
穗数SN 1682.4** 44.4** 22.6** 69.3 7.0 21.4
成穗率ETP 623.8** 52.2** 31.8** 38.7 12.4 45.3
土壤容重SBD 904.2** 192.5** 38.2** 35.0 28.6 34.1
籽粒硬度GH 49.1** 408.2** 18.3** 2.4 74.9 20.1
籽粒蛋白质含量GPC 1086.6** 123.4** 22.3** 51.1 22.2 24.1
籽粒产量GY 1916.1** 16.5** 5.8** 88.4 2.9 6.1

Table 4

Principal component analysis of 11 traits in wheat"

性状Trait PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5
株高PH -0.279 -0.247 -0.073 -0.196 0.649
粒长GL 0.423 0.008 -0.211 -0.230 0.233
粒宽GW 0.313 0.246 0.294 0.129 -0.234
千粒重TGW 0.463 0.261 0.047 -0.060 0.277
穗粒数GPS 0.002 -0.610 0.200 0.258 -0.227
穗数SN -0.391 0.387 -0.053 -0.172 -0.003
成穗率ETP -0.361 0.414 0.187 -0.078 0.004
土壤容重SBD -0.325 0.093 -0.084 0.584 0.045
籽粒硬度GH 0.200 0.271 0.086 0.612 0.332
籽粒蛋白质含量GPC 0.016 -0.074 -0.655 0.262 0.143
籽粒产量GY -0.055 -0.172 0.583 0.041 0.457
特征值Eigenvalue 3.35 1.97 1.70 1.15 0.92
贡献率Contribution rate(%) 30.43 17.90 15.50 10.49 8.35
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution (%) 30.43 48.33 63.83 74.32 82.67

Fig.3

Cluster analysis of different test sites"

Table 5

Traits of different types of environment"

类别
Type		 株高
PH (cm)		 粒长
GL (mm)		 粒宽
GW (mm)		 千粒重
TGW (g)		 穗粒数
GPS		 穗数
SN (×104/hm2)		 成穗率
ETP (%)		 土壤容重
SBD (g/L)		 籽粒硬度
GH		 籽粒蛋白质含量
GPC (%)		 籽粒产量
GY (kg/hm2)
Ⅰ 82.4 5.7 2.9 43.7 35.1 835.5 50.3 827.3 64.0 12.1 10 914.5
Ⅱ 79.8 6.2 3.2 45.5 34.0 664.5 43.1 815.8 62.5 11.8 8965.4
Ⅲ 71.6 6.1 3.1 48.3 38.1 562.5 45.4 824.1 64.4 13.6 7309.6

Fig.4

Cluster analysis of different wheat lines"

Table 6

Traits of different groups based on lines division"

类群
Group		 株高
PH (cm)		 粒长
GL (mm)		 粒宽
GW (mm)		 千粒重
TGW (g)		 穗粒数
GPS		 穗数
SN (×104/hm2)		 成穗率
ETP (%)		 土壤容重
SBD (g/L)		 籽粒硬度
GH		 籽粒蛋白质含量
GPC (%)		 籽粒产量
GY (kg/hm2)
Ⅰ 76.4 6.3 3.2 47.6 35.2 651.0 42.9 813.3 64.5 12.3 8922.6
Ⅱ 82.3 6.0 3.0 41.3 36.7 682.5 45.0 824.3 56.4 12.1 9018.5
Ⅲ 79.9 6.1 3.1 45.7 33.7 690.0 45.5 821.0 64.2 12.0 9072.4

Fig.5

GGE-biplot of high and stable yield"

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