Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 58-64.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.04.007

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Preliminary Identification and Evaluation of Quality Traits of Sesame Germplasm Resources

Gao Shuguang1(), Xu Dongyang1, Hu Minjie1, Wang Ruixia1, Zhang Chunhua1, Xu Bohan1, Li Weifeng1, Zhang Liuping2   

  1. 1Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, China
    2Henan Shunfeng Seed Industry Technology Co., Ltd., Zhoukou 466001, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-01-26 Revised:2025-03-25 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-12

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Abstract:

In order to screen excellent sesame germplasms for genetic breeding and quality improvement, the oil content, protein and fatty acid content of 190 sesame germplasm resources were determined by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The results showed that 45 germplasm resources with excellent characteristics were screened out, and 19 germplasm resources with relatively excellent comprehensive quality characteristics were evaluated by principal component analysis and TOPSIS method. The coefficient of variation of each quality characteristics were 1.03%-10.98%, among which linolenic acid had the highest coefficient of variation and arachidic acid had the lowest coefficient of variation. Correlation analysis showed that oil content was extremely significantly negatively correlated with protein content (r=-0.741) and oleic acid was extremely significantly negatively correlated with linoleic acid content (r=-0.936). Grey correlation analysis showed that the correlation between oil content and sugar content was the greatest, and the correlation between protein, oleic acid content and arachidonic acid content was the greatest.

Key words: Sesame, Germplasm resources, Quality traits, Identification and evaluation

Table 1

List of 190 sesame germplasm resources"

编号
Number		 种质名称
Germplasm name		 编号
Number		 种质名称
Germplasm name		 编号
Number		 种质名称
Germplasm name		 编号
Number		 种质名称
Germplasm name
230001 霸王鞭 230049 13-41101（南阳） 230099 农家种 230159 品系
230002 青板苏 230050 08-4106（南阳） 230100 农家种 230160 豫芝23号
230003 八杈芝麻 230051 平舆5号 230101 农家种 230161 项芝2号
230004 芝麻 230052 平舆4号 230102 农家种 230162 17M5238
230005 新蔡选抗 230053 平舆3号 230103 农家种 230163 漯芝101
230006 对角芝麻 230054 平舆2号 230104 上芝2005064 230164 商芝186
230007 郑芝98N09 230055 中芝22 230105 农家种 230165 商芝196
230008 漯芝B726 230056 中芝高素-2 230106 农家种 230166 信芝2号
230009 周芝3号 230057 中芝高素-1 230107 驿芝M26 230167 驿芝188
230010 漯芝12号 230058 农家种 230108 驻16B04-1 230168 舆芝B165
230011 驻芝11号 230059 农家种 230109 阜芝006 230170 郑芝HL09
230012 漯芝16号 230060 郑芝01DD25 230111 上芝10号 230172 三高12号
230013 舆芝2018 230061 舆芝07616 230112 上芝12号 230173 商芝189
230014 郑杂芝3号 230062 品系 230113 驻14J50 230174 上芝15
230015 FY01 230063 长义芝D401 230114 舆芝0428 230175 驿芝181
230016 漯芝18号 230064 农家种 230115 商芝156 230177 郑芝HL04
230017 皖芝0222-1 230065 农家种 230116 商芝158 230178 中芝34
230018 驻芝18号 230066 农家种 230117 郑0318-1 230180 驻17B09-2
230019 舆芝15号 230067 豫芝11号变异株 230118 周芝12号 230181 项芝秸叶黄1号
230020 郑芝13号 230068 农家种 230119 皖芝17号 230182 宛芝21
230021 农家种 230069 农家种 230120 周芝13号 230188 阜芝303
230022 1080 230070 农家种 230122 驻芝19 230189 商芝3号
230023 1089 230071 农家种 230123 品系 230190 驻19B11
230024 1098 230072 农家种 230125 驻17B09-1 230191 漯芝106
230025 1104 230073 农家种 230126 上芝14 230192 皖芝24
230026 1119 230074 农家种 230128 皖芝22号 230193 驻19B10
230027 1124 230075 农家种 230129 周芝16号 230194 商芝6号
230028 1141 230076 宛芝选-02 230131 郑太芝4号 230195 漯芝100
230029 1118 230077 宛芝选-23 230133 豫芝DS7306 230197 阜芝125
230030 1153 230078 宛芝选-26 230134 豫芝4号 230198 商芝7号
230031 1156 230079 宛芝选-31 230136 驻16B04-2 230199 周芝23号
230032 1183 230080 皖1204009 230138 漯16PB17 230200 商芝1306
230033 1184 230081 12JD403-2 230139 上芝13 230201 郑芝0134
230034 1187 230082 农家种 230140 周芝11号 230202 豫芝DS899
230035 1257 230084 鄂芝1号 230144 豫芝20号 230203 豫芝ND837
230036 1276 230085 鄂芝5号 230145 周芝9号 230204 豫芝NS610
230037 1280 230086 农家种 230146 豫芝21号 230205 NA豫芝620
230038 皖芝0222-2 230087 农家种 230147 纯优雪冠 230206 Dw609（矮）
230039 2293 230088 农家种 230148 豫芝金雪霸 230207 Dw609（高）
230040 FY02 230089 农家种 230149 农家种 230208 农家种
230041 驻06J3 230090 农家种 230150 农家种 230209 漯芝21号
230042 郑芝0312 230091 农家种 230151 品系 230210 漯芝22号
230043 驻08J2 230093 农家种 230152 品系 230211 驻芝22
230044 宛芝16 230094 农家种 230153 品系 230212 驻芝25
230045 周芝6号优系 230096 农家种 230154 品系 230213 农家种
230046 13-41008（南阳） 230097 农家种（短蒴） 230155 品系 230232 农家种
230047 13-401（南阳） 230097 农家种（长蒴） 230156 品系
230048 13-462（南阳） 230098 农家种 230158 品系

Table 2

Descriptive statistical analysis of quality traits in 190 sesame germplasms"

品质性状
Quality trait		 含量范围
Content range		 平均值
Mean		 优异种质数量
Number of excellent
germplasm		 含量最高种质编号
Germplasm number with
the highest content		 标准差
SD (%)		 变异系数
CV (%)
含油量Oil content (%) 49.45~57.97 52.52 13（>55.00%） 230031 1.49 2.83
蛋白质Protein (%) 19.86~25.95 23.11 8（>25.00%） 230088 1.15 4.99
棕榈酸Palmitic acid (%) 7.63~10.73 9.31 8（>10.00%） 230204 0.44 4.73
棕榈油酸Palmitoleic acid (%) 0.09~0.12 0.10 － 230160 0.01 4.97
硬脂酸Stearic acid (%) 5.07~6.88 5.76 － 230029 0.32 5.53
油酸Oleic acid (%) 39.62~48.85 44.05 － 230015 1.77 4.01
亚油酸Linoleic acid (%) 36.32~45.05 41.46 1（>45.05%） 230174 1.73 4.16
亚麻酸Linolenic acid (%) 0.21~0.46 0.38 2（>0.45%） 230067 0.04 10.98
花生酸Arachidic acid (%) 0.65~0.72 0.69 1 230001 0.01 1.60
山嵛酸Docosanoic acid (%) 0.15~0.18 0.17 － 230189 0.01 3.74
粗纤维Crude fiber (%) 2.70~4.80 3.51 － 230029 0.30 8.68
糖Sugar (%) 9.28~9.80 9.53 － 230160 0.10 1.03
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 2.18~3.61 2.92 12（>3.30 g） 230014 0.26 8.78

Table 3

Principle component Eigenvalues and factor scores of quality traits of sesame germplasms"

品质性状Quality trait PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11 PC12 PC13
含油量Oil content -0.392 -0.125 0.226 -0.308 -0.238 0.086 -0.031 0.290 0.414 0.440 0.405 0.087 -0.010
蛋白质Protein 0.425 0.114 0.040 0.324 -0.201 0.017 0.141 -0.219 -0.292 0.570 0.349 0.226 0.090
棕榈酸Palmitic acid -0.025 -0.157 -0.412 0.372 0.160 0.599 0.302 0.412 0.083 -0.032 0.086 0.003 0.070
棕榈油酸Palmitoleic acid 0.290 -0.357 0.215 -0.077 0.296 0.236 -0.185 -0.275 0.249 -0.300 0.261 0.507 -0.077
硬脂酸Stearic acid -0.161 0.445 -0.070 0.338 0.139 -0.105 0.165 -0.407 0.639 -0.019 0.066 -0.044 0.140
油酸Oleic acid 0.184 0.447 0.061 -0.334 -0.078 0.358 -0.218 0.081 -0.057 -0.166 0.096 -0.045 0.649
亚油酸Linoleic acid -0.158 -0.492 0.081 0.219 0.055 -0.393 0.104 0.025 -0.061 -0.095 0.112 -0.034 0.695
亚麻酸Linolenic acid 0.154 0.127 -0.432 -0.119 0.510 -0.371 -0.336 0.313 0.090 0.297 0.006 0.225 0.060
花生酸Arachidic acid 0.355 0.169 0.270 0.277 -0.106 -0.280 -0.053 0.492 0.135 -0.349 0.377 -0.211 -0.185
山嵛酸Docosanoic acid 0.334 -0.150 -0.206 0.023 -0.590 -0.088 -0.043 0.119 0.397 -0.012 -0.455 0.276 0.106
粗纤维Crude fiber -0.240 0.274 0.492 0.254 0.140 0.017 0.093 0.298 -0.129 0.023 -0.366 0.538 0.052
糖Sugar 0.340 -0.188 0.414 0.044 0.312 0.176 -0.057 0.035 0.238 0.375 -0.361 -0.460 0.072
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.249 0.057 0.025 -0.474 0.159 -0.170 0.799 0.072 0.054 -0.045 0.000 0.082 0.015
特征值Eigenvalue 3.791 2.811 1.635 1.262 1.117 0.848 0.651 0.481 0.161 0.118 0.064 0.039 0.022
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 29.16 21.63 12.58 9.71 8.59 6.52 5.01 3.70 1.24 0.91 0.49 0.30 0.17
累计贡献率
Cumulative contribution rate (%)		 29.16
 50.79
 63.36
 73.07
 81.66
 88.18
 93.19
 96.89
 98.13
 99.04
 99.53
 99.83
 100.00

Table 4

The comprehensive value of principal component among the top ten sesame germplasms"

编号
Number		 种质名称
Germplasm name		 综合值
Comprehensive value		 排名
Ranking
230029 1118 1.74 1
230102 农家种 1.58 2
230001 霸王鞭 1.47 3
230013 舆芝2018 1.43 4
230026 1119 1.32 5
230096 农家种 1.31 6
230088 农家种 1.30 7
230129 周芝16号 1.21 8
230034 1187 1.21 9
230189 商芝3号 1.15 10

Table 5

Comprehensive evaluation of TOPSIS score among the top ten sesame germplasms"

编号
Number		 种质名称
Germplasm name		 D+ D- CI 排名
Ranking
230189 商芝3号 0.028 0.073 0.723 1
230039 2293 0.032 0.067 0.679 2
230194 商芝6号 0.033 0.063 0.660 3
230086 农家种 0.033 0.064 0.659 4
230202 豫芝DS899 0.034 0.062 0.648 5
230115 商芝156 0.035 0.062 0.642 6
230209 漯芝21 0.034 0.060 0.638 7
230103 农家种 0.034 0.060 0.637 8
230045 周芝6号 0.035 0.059 0.627 9
230065 农家种 0.036 0.059 0.624 10

Fig.1

Correlation analysis between quality traits and 1000-grain weight of sesame germplasms “***”,“**”and“*”respectively indicate the correlations reach the extremely significant level of P < 0.001, P < 0.01 and the significant level of P < 0.05."

Table 6

Grey correlation matrix of main quality traits of sesame germplasms"

品质性状
Quality trait		 含油量
Oil
content		 蛋白质
Protein		 油酸
Oleic
acid		 亚油酸
Linoleic
acid		 棕榈酸
Palmitic
acid		 硬脂酸
Stearic
acid		 花生酸
Arachidic
acid		 亚麻酸
Linolenic
acid		 山嵛酸
Docosanoic
acid		 棕榈油酸
Palmitoleic
acid		 粗纤维
Crude
fiber		 糖
Sugar		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight
含油量Oil content 1.000
蛋白质Protein 0.506 1.000
油酸Oleic acid 0.577 0.572 1.000
亚油酸Linoleic acid 0.637 0.531 0.516 1.000
棕榈酸Palmitic acid 0.597 0.529 0.537 0.571 1.000
硬脂酸Stearic acid 0.513 0.484 0.536 0.470 0.493 1.000
花生酸Arachidic acid 0.661 0.639 0.647 0.614 0.604 0.571 1.000
亚麻酸Linolenic acid 0.526 0.531 0.542 0.511 0.516 0.509 0.538 1.000
山嵛酸Docosanoic acid 0.581 0.611 0.579 0.584 0.564 0.497 0.664 0.431 1.000
棕榈油酸Palmitoleic acid 0.556 0.566 0.532 0.575 0.553 0.461 0.600 0.420 0.570 1.000
粗纤维Crude fiber 0.607 0.544 0.580 0.566 0.546 0.608 0.598 0.481 0.531 0.536 1.000
糖Sugar 0.670 0.615 0.639 0.635 0.621 0.559 0.816 0.445 0.667 0.635 0.511 1.000
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.498 0.522 0.551 0.471 0.486 0.471 0.527 0.449 0.512 0.509 0.452 0.531 1.000
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