Crops ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 47-53.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.007

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Analysis of Combining Ability and Heterosis of Main Traits in Core Parents of Sorghum for Spring-Sown Early-Maturing Regions

Liu Xiaohan1,2(), Tang Yujie2(), Liu Xinyu3, Qiao Zhengyan4, Shi Guishan2, Yu Miao2, Li Yang2, Wang Nai2, Qi Hongying1(), Chen Bingru2()   

  1. 1College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
    2Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136199, Jilin, China
    3Ningjiang District Black Soil Conservation and Monitoring Center, Songyuan 138000, Jilin, China
    4College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
  • Received:2024-08-10 Revised:2024-10-11 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-10

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Abstract:

The combining ability and heterosis of sorghum sterile line and restorer line in spring-sown early maturing regions were studied to provide theoretical basis for the parent selection of sorghum hybrid combinations in the future. Using 31 sorghum as parent materials, 206 hybrid combinations were prepared by incomplete diallel cross design, and 13 main traits including plant height, panicle length and combining ability and heterosis of parents and their hybrid F1 were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in various traits between the sterile and restorer lines of sorghum, and the combining ability of different materials was significantly different. Among the 31 materials, Ji 64A, SX44A, Ji 5535A, Ji 5575A, HLS×125×2999, HLS Zao and Ji R4334 had more advantages in plant height, panicle length, grain weight per panicle, yield, penultimate leaf angle, penultimate width, and antepenultimate leaf angle, etc. The general combining ability of other traits was also excellent, so the six materials were ideal parents. There was a large heterosis utilization potential in the hybrid combination, but the mid-parent heterosis was not prominent. Meanwhile, the yield of the hybrid combination was affected by both additive and non-additive effects. To select excellent parents attention should be paid to the comprehensive traits and general combining ability of the parents, as well as the special combining ability and the complementary effect of the parents.

Key words: Sorghum, Agronomic traits, General combining ability, Special combining ability

Table 1

Parent materials and pedigree for this test"

编号
Number		 种质名称
Germplasm
name		 种质类型
Germplasm
type		 系谱
Genealogy
1 吉H129A 不育系 B35×吉1230B
2 吉1230A 不育系 （TX3197B×矬1B）×黑30B
3 314A 不育系 TX3197B×库班红
4 吉303A 不育系 97101B×2055B
5 吉115A 不育系 哲15B×2055B
6 63A 不育系 铁97101B×外引材料
7 Y324A 不育系 晋长早B×外引材料
8 QL33A 不育系 澳大利亚引进
9 冀64A 不育系 407B×1243B
10 吉245A 不育系 哲15B×2055B
11 吉5522A 不育系 MS22B×2055B
12 吉2055A 不育系 314B×A2V4B
13 吉5535A 不育系 406B×ICS-34B
14 吉5575A 不育系 2055B×7050B
15 463A 不育系 2055B×晋长早B
16 SX44A 不育系 （V4B×F4B）×V4B
17 HLS×125×2999 恢复系 HLSZ×（10125×2999）
18 HLS早 恢复系 外引材料
19 吉R2115 恢复系 南133×10125
20 5933 恢复系 5903×三尺三
21 10125 恢复系 南133×吉R105×9060
22 吉R107 恢复系 亨加利高粱后代319-4×304-4
23
 吉R109
 恢复系
 HM65（晋粱5/三尺三/沈409×
八52×渤1×晋2）×1105B
24 吉R117 恢复系 LR9198天然变异株
25 吉R127 恢复系 吉R117×吉R5062
26 南133 恢复系 忻粱52×VI494
27 南133×125 恢复系 南133×125
28 吉R2483 恢复系 吉R107×2999
29 吉R4334 恢复系 （吉R123×南133）×9060
30 吉R4392 恢复系 吉R2115×10125
31 吉K1781R 恢复系 Y304×吉R2115

Table 2

Variance analysis result of 13 traits"

变异来源
Sources of
variation		 区组
Block		 组合
Combination		 不育系一般配合力
General combining
ability of sterile line		 恢复系一般配合力
General combining
ability of restorer line		 杂交组合特殊配合力
Special combining ability
of hybrid combination
自由度df 2 205 15 14 205
株高PH 60.45 1886.82** 1065.97** 467.80** 47.52**
穗长PL 6.35 28.79** 13.86** 5.01** 0.35**
穗柄长PSL 18.91 46.93** 13.52** 11.36** 4.21**
穗柄伸出长度PSE 25.85 52.66** 8.94** 17.94** 6.31**
千粒重TGW 66.25 1102.20** 355.04** 428.17** 303.22**
穗粒重GWPP 14.90 53.63** 21.21** 8.76** 8.51**
产量Y 3 385 813 8 555 216** 23.22** 17 859.80** 4965.10**
倒2叶夹角I2LA 4.69 78.16** 21.57** 5.56** 7.00**
倒2叶长I2LL 26.61 6.92** 10.67** 7.05** 12.16**
倒2叶宽I2LW 0.72 2.48** 0.76** 0.40** 0.11**
倒3叶夹角I3LA 0.99 47.68** 14.39** 3.31** 2.49**
倒3叶长I3LL 7.91 100.41** 18.85** 6.34** 6.16**
倒3叶宽I3LW 0.36 3.36** 1.01** 0.66** 0.12**

Table 3

General combining ability effect values of main agronomic traits of parents"

亲本编号
Parent
number		 株高
PH		 穗长
PL		 穗柄长
PSL		 穗柄
伸出长度
PSE		 千粒重
TGW		 穗粒重
GWPP		 产量
Y		 倒2叶
夹角
I2LA		 倒2
叶长
I2LL		 倒2
叶宽
I2LW		 倒3叶
夹角
I3LA		 倒3
叶长
I3LL		 倒3
叶宽
I3LW
1 -28.47 -3.59 0.54 -1.49 -0.69 -23.46 -3.31 -2.29 -0.48 -0.60 -1.46 -1.62 -0.77
2 -12.23 -0.65 1.25 0.76 -2.06 -3.39 -1.31 -4.99 2.25 -0.31 -2.45 3.83 -0.76
3 14.27 -2.11 -1.96 -2.87 2.81 -10.00 -2.25 5.24 -3.06 -0.32 5.88 -2.53 -0.72
4 9.45 -0.45 -0.22 -0.28 1.90 15.26 7.01 1.36 -0.45 0.25 1.30 -0.40 -0.12
5 -8.53 -0.40 1.00 1.77 0.72 10.40 1.38 1.96 -1.47 -0.10 0.93 -1.36 -0.25
6 -3.90 3.48 -3.62 -2.70 -1.41 12.05 -0.58 2.79 1.87 0.16 2.30 3.57 0.21
7 10.51 2.17 -1.48 -0.10 -4.18 5.02 -1.00 -0.81 -0.93 -0.29 -0.42 -1.51 0.59
8 -11.00 -0.19 1.74 1.36 -2.48 7.86 -1.16 0.30 -0.55 0.07 1.44 2.00 0.29
9 -31.18 -3.29 -1.18 -3.69 -3.53 -16.54 -2.04 -2.12 2.43 0.09 -1.72 1.62 0.16
10 -6.35 2.45 1.85 3.66 0.50 5.33 3.44 3.23 1.57 0.03 0.20 2.77 -0.10
11 -26.44 -0.83 -0.44 -0.49 -3.92 4.97 4.58 0.44 -1.86 0.47 0.30 -3.05 0.35
12 11.13 -0.80 0.07 -0.10 1.41 -0.77 -0.06 -0.40 -0.47 0.15 -1.53 -1.42 0.31
13 9.99 1.54 -1.33 -0.58 3.82 5.15 -2.20 1.51 1.20 0.09 0.87 0.07 0.25
14 19.96 0.32 -0.45 0.15 1.89 3.90 -0.19 -0.39 -1.27 -0.26 -0.62 -2.63 0.16
15 22.36 -1.17 0.77 0.56 3.55 -3.09 -1.05 -2.08 -2.21 0.04 -2.36 -2.90 0.03
16 30.40 3.52 3.47 4.02 1.67 -12.70 -1.26 -3.75 3.42 0.53 -2.65 3.55 0.36
17 -23.36 -1.06 1.44 1.80 -2.43 -11.10 -53.40 -0.35 1.49 0.08 -0.78 2.18 -0.09
18 -23.27 -1.97 1.48 1.39 -3.01 5.27 14.33 0.53 0.23 -0.58 1.37 -0.91 -0.63
19 -11.57 0.38 0.68 0.57 1.99 2.32 10.76 0.74 -0.16 0.24 1.69 0.42 0.28
20 17.13 -1.80 -0.62 -0.66 -2.11 6.60 62.33 0.12 -0.48 -0.22 0.00 -0.03 -0.25
21 3.93 1.15 0.73 0.28 0.35 16.06 130.25 -1.01 0.10 -0.07 -0.60 0.60 -0.07
22 4.86 2.03 -2.61 -1.16 -0.40 7.06 35.41 -0.68 -1.61 -0.15 -1.63 -1.85 -0.06
23 -11.43 -0.98 3.92 3.00 -2.01 3.80 16.55 0.13 0.15 -0.89 -0.03 -1.10 -1.19
24 9.32 0.49 1.55 0.73 1.65 -21.45 -143.21 1.77 0.92 0.50 0.38 0.40 0.62
25 4.53 0.71 0.06 -0.01 0.61 -1.61 -6.47 2.67 0.64 0.22 0.96 0.53 0.45
26 10.42 -0.85 -1.98 -1.97 0.70 -0.70 -29.78 1.18 -0.76 -0.01 1.19 0.23 -0.06
27 5.76 -0.74 2.92 2.49 1.52 5.27 29.38 -0.11 -0.38 0.16 -0.27 -0.13 0.12
28 2.99 2.13 -3.22 -2.58 -0.83 9.27 63.50 -3.17 0.18 0.38 -1.95 -0.41 0.55
29 14.57 1.30 -3.28 -2.59 0.40 -29.33 -173.58 -1.09 0.84 0.34 -0.77 0.83 0.44
30 1.27 -0.46 2.57 1.79 1.98 3.34 8.37 -0.75 -0.08 0.06 0.03 0.63 -0.01
31 -5.16 -0.32 -3.64 -3.07 1.58 5.20 35.55 0.02 -1.11 -0.08 0.41 -1.39 -0.09

Table 4

Specific combing ability effect values of main traits of parents"

性状Trait 效应值变幅Effect value range 最高组合Highest combination 最低组合Lowest combination
株高PH -16.29~11.15 Y324A×5933 冀64A×HLS早
穗长PL -0.92~2.23 SX44A×吉R2483 冀64A×HLS早
穗柄长PSL -3.29~4.79 吉245A×10125 冀64A×南133
穗柄伸出长度PSE -3.28~3.51 SX44A×（HLS×125×2999） 63A×吉R2483
千粒重TGW -4.98~4.89 吉5535A×吉R4392 吉5522A×HLS早
穗粒重GWPP -31.03~25.54 吉5575A×吉R4334 吉H129A×吉R109
产量Y -93.29~122.62 吉5575A×吉R4334 吉H129A×吉R109
倒2叶夹角I2LA -4.30~4.59 314A×吉R127 吉H129A×HLS早
倒2叶长I2LL -4.74~5.83 吉5535A×（HLS×125×2999） 314A×HLS早
倒2叶宽I2LW -0.65~0.51 QL33A×南133×125 吉H129A×HLS早
倒3叶夹角I3LA -2.17~3.31 314A×（HLS×125×2999） 吉1230A×（HLS×125×2999）
倒3叶长I3LL -2.98~4.26 463A×吉R2115 314A×HLS早
倒3叶宽I3LW -0.66~0.46 63A×吉R117 314A×吉R109

Table 5

Analysis of yield related heterosis in F1 generation %"

性状
Trait		 中亲优势Mid-parent heterosis 超亲优势Heterobeltiosis
变幅
Range		 均值
Mean		 正向组合率
Positive
combination rate		 正向杂种
优势均值
Positive
heterosis mean		 变幅
Range		 均值
Mean		 正向组合率
Positive
combination rate		 正向杂种
优势均值
Positive
heterosis mean
株高PH -13.81~61.68 15.91 89.32 18.34 -36.16~113.34 17.17 73.30 27.97
穗长PL -5.28~27.39 11.02 96.12 11.59 -19.32~45.02 14.52 83.01 18.88
穗柄长PSL -3.36~32.18 13.27 98.54 13.49 -11.15~57.54 19.57 91.75 21.67
穗柄伸出长度PSE -5529.85~8204.68 -0.87 46.60 483.32 -2668.13~1256.39 -84.54 47.57 211.75
千粒重TGW -11.39~38.14 9.73 86.89 11.71 -30.40~59.76 10.67 73.79 18.31
穗粒重GWPP -17.51~128.94 51.57 99.03 52.17 -50.49~256.41 71.68 94.17 76.99
产量Y 2.50~187.77 63.84 100.00 63.84 -27.12~287.81 87.97 97.09 90.83
倒2叶夹角I2LA -8.20~36.69 10.19 89.32 11.70 -17.32~71.18 14.62 82.04 19.18
倒2叶长I2LL -11.90~14.94 1.28 58.25 4.69 -23.85~24.97 -1.98 42.23 7.10
倒2叶宽I2LW -8.63~20.19 6.78 91.75 7.79 -28.86~34.89 5.84 70.87 11.95
倒3叶夹角I3LA -12.41~32.07 1.71 57.77 6.21 -33.67~46.97 -2.88 37.86 11.11
倒3叶长I3LL -10.22~14.43 2.67 70.39 5.10 -21.77~25.19 1.33 59.71 7.68
倒3叶宽I3LW -12.32~18.84 6.15 87.38 7.70 129.90~30.08 4.36 68.45 10.76
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