Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 136-143.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.020

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Effects of Broccoli Waste Composting on Seedling Quality and Yield of Rice

Chen Jian(), Qi Wen, Jiang Hailing, Qian Zhongcang   

  1. Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2023-03-21 Revised:2023-04-17 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-15

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Abstract:

In order to improve the resource utilization rate of agricultural waste, rice husk and yellow mud were mixed with broccoli processing waste for fermentation, the compost and yellow mud were made into four kinds of substrates according to different mass ratios. The rice seedling quality and yield were studied to explore the feasibility of substrate application of broccoli waste. The results showed that the quality of rice seedlings, dry matter accumulation of seedlings, yield and other indicators increased first and then decreased with the increase of the proportion of compost in the matrix. When the mass ratio of yellow mud to compost was 1:1, the seedling raising effect was the best. The emergence rate, uniformity, root-shoot ratio and strong seedling index were 84.00%, 85.15%, 38.00% and 0.94, respectively. The rice yield was 7299.85kg/ha, and there was no significant difference compared with the conventional matrix treatment. It was predicted by establishing the regression equation that when the mass ratio of yellow mud to compost was 0.87:1, the seedling raising effect was the best. The substrate prepared by broccoli waste compost could basically achieve the seedling effect of conventional substrate, which was of great significance for the realization of low pollution and low emission ?broccoli-rice? circular agricultural production mode.

Key words: Broccoli waste, Composting, Substrate, Seedling quality, Yield

Table 1

Physical and chemical properties of substrates with different material proportion"

处理
Treatment		 容重
Bulk density (g/cm3)		 孔隙度
Porosity (%)		 pH 有机质含量
Organic matter content (%)		 总养分含量
Total nutrient content (%)
T1 0.89±0.02a 51.76±2.25c 6.15±0.28b 6.14±0.26d 1.02±0.08d
T2 0.78±0.01b 59.54±1.98b 6.58±0.17b 13.86±0.37c 1.53±0.04c
T3 0.60±0.02c 75.00±3.05a 6.80±0.31ab 25.41±0.59b 1.97±0.04b
T4 0.37±0.01d 85.31±3.34a 7.61±0.38a 38.71±0.44a 3.18±0.07a

Table 2

Survival rate of seedlings treated with different substrates %"

处理Treatment 1d 2d 3d 4d 5d 6d
CK1 100.00±0.00a 100.00±0.00a 74.18±2.95a 40.09±1.38a 10.61±1.18a 0.00±0.00a
CK2 100.00±0.00a 95.34±1.82a 38.66±3.17c 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00b 0.00±0.00a
T1 100.00±0.00a 97.15±2.23a 55.27±3.51b 11.82±2.57c 0.00±0.00b 0.00±0.00a
T2 100.00±0.00a 98.34±2.57a 60.45±2.23b 20.24±2.09b 3.76±0.97b 0.00±0.00a
T3 100.00±0.00a 100.00±0.00a 74.87±3.09a 37.84±1.37a 9.51±1.03a 0.00±0.00a
T4 100.00±0.00a 100.00±0.00a 75.27±2.17a 40.68±2.03a 11.08±1.14a 0.00±0.00a

Table 3

Effects of different substrates on quality of rice seedlings"

处理
Treatment		 出苗率
Germination
rate (%)		 叶龄
Leaf
age (d)		 SPAD 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 整齐度
Evenness
degree (%)		 茎基宽
Stem base
width (cm)		 根长
Root
length (cm)		 单株白根数
White root number
per plant
CK1 86.33±2.77a 3.19±0.28ab 30.04±1.16a 13.38±1.41b 81.97±3.81a 0.19±0.01ab 11.73±1.95a 6.80±0.41a
CK2 58.33±3.06d 2.87±0.14b 21.43±1.41c 12.81±1.35b 81.67±4.03a 0.16±0.01c 7.33±1.31d 5.85±0.37b
T1 65.13±3.43c 2.98±0.11b 22.09±1.03c 12.89±1.09b 82.01±3.78a 0.16±0.01c 8.21±1.21c 6.02±0.49b
T2 78.65±3.09b 3.18±0.21ab 25.73±1.32b 13.14±1.13b 81.56±4.15a 0.18±0.01b 8.58±1.16c 6.31±0.52ab
T3 84.00±3.61ab 3.29±0.18a 27.17±1.02ab 15.05±1.24a 85.15±3.58a 0.20±0.01a 10.18±1.51b 6.50±0.48ab
T4 86.18±2.76a 3.14±0.18ab 24.87±1.13b 13.54±1.32b 85.34±3.77a 0.18±0.01b 9.93±1.87b 6.61±0.56ab

Table 4

Effects of different substrates on dry matter accumulation of rice seedlings"

处理
Treatment		 单株地上部干重
The shoot dry weight
per plant (mg)		 单株地下部干重
The root dry weight
per plant (mg)		 全株干重
Dry weight per
plant (mg)		 根冠比
Root-shoot
ratio (%)		 壮苗指数
Robust seedling
index
CK1 1.72±0.13a 0.69±0.02a 2.41±0.11a 40.12±0.88a 1.00±0.06a
CK2 1.50±0.09b 0.55±0.01b 2.05±0.14b 36.67±0.93a 0.78±0.02c
T1 1.53±0.03b 0.58±0.01b 2.11±0.05b 37.91±1.09a 0.83±0.01bc
T2 1.65±0.11ab 0.61±0.01b 2.26±0.11ab 36.97±1.14a 0.87±0.01b
T3 1.75±0.11a 0.66±0.02ab 2.41±0.12a 38.00±0.96a 0.94±0.04ab
T4 1.70±0.06a 0.64±0.02ab 2.34±0.08a 37.65±1.21a 0.91±0.03ab

Table 5

Effects of different treatments on growth stages"

处理
Treatment		 生育期（月-日）Growth stage (month-day) 播种至齐穗
Sowing-full
heading (d)		 全生育期
Growth
duration (d)
播种期
Sowing		 移栽期
Transplanting		 始穗期
Initial heading		 齐穗期
Full heading		 成熟期
Maturity
CK1 03-19 04-18 06-10 06-12 07-12 85 115
CK2 03-19 04-18 06-12 06-14 07-14 87 117
T1 03-19 04-18 06-12 06-14 07-14 87 117
T2 03-19 04-18 06-11 06-13 07-13 86 116
T3 03-19 04-18 06-10 06-12 07-12 85 115
T4 03-19 04-18 06-11 06-13 07-13 86 116

Table 6

Effects of different substrates on yield and its components of rice"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 有效穗数
Effective panicles
number (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Number of
grains per ear		 结实率
Set-seeding
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 理论产量
Theoretical
yield (kg/hm2)		 实际产量
Actual yield
(kg/hm2)
CK1 101.43±1.29a 276.80±2.67a 127.16±2.35a 91.20±1.13a 26.21±0.26a 8403.10±136.15a 7416.75±156.04a
CK2 99.08±1.52a 240.12±3.36b 110.05±2.09b 92.03±1.25a 26.43±0.38a 6428.35±117.44c 5732.79±109.37c
T1 98.75±1.18a 246.57±3.77b 111.13±1.59b 91.95±1.77a 26.28±0.42a 6621.38±123.41c 5911.61±113.54c
T2 100.17±1.69a 258.18±2.96ab 120.57±2.01ab 92.13±1.39a 26.33±0.56a 7551.16±116.57b 6509.62±108.64b
T3 102.31±1.75a 273.47±2.95a 124.38±1.88a 91.17±1.51a 26.38±0.18a 8155.64±208.65ab 7299.85±184.26a
T4 100.68±1.59a 260.69±3.04ab 121.69±1.67ab 91.54±1.62a 26.35±0.24a 7651.93±132.17ab 6832.08±107.51ab

Table 7

Effects of different substrates on ability to tiller and earbearing tiller percentage"

处理
Treatment		 落田苗
Basic seedling
number (×104/hm2)		 最高苗数
The highest tillering
number (×104/hm2)		 有效穗数
Effective panicle
number (×104/hm2)		 茎蘖成穗率
Earbearing tiller
percentage (%)
CK1 101.72±1.86a 390.20±1.96a 276.80±2.67a 70.94±1.66a
CK2 105.05±1.44a 353.51±1.88b 240.12±3.36b 67.92±1.59a
T1 104.21±1.51a 357.81±2.05ab 246.57±3.77b 68.91±1.77a
T2 105.17±1.17a 366.52±1.59ab 258.18±2.96ab 70.44±1.13a
T3 106.72±1.35a 383.53±1.75ab 273.47±2.95a 71.30±1.08a
T4 103.58±1.23a 367.89±2.13ab 260.69±3.04ab 70.86±1.24a

Table 8

The correlation coefficient between rice yield and seedling quality index"

指标
Index		 实际产量
Actual
yield		 出苗率
Germination
rate		 叶龄
Leaf
age		 SPAD 株高
Plant
height		 整齐度
Evenness
degree		 茎基宽
Stem
base
width		 根长
Root
length		 单株
白根数
White root
number
per plant		 单株地上
部干重
The shoot
dry weight
per plant		 单株地下
部干重
The root
dry weight
per plant		 全株
干重
Dry
weight
per plant		 根冠比
Root-
shoot
ratio		 壮苗
指数
Robust
seedling
index
实际产量Actual yield 1.00
出苗率
Germination rate		 0.93** 1.00
叶龄Leaf age 0.91* 0.91* 1.00
SPAD 0.95** 0.86* 0.84* 1.00
株高Plant height 0.71 0.60 0.77 0.51 1.00
整齐度
Evenness degree		 0.51 0.57 0.52 0.20 0.76 1.00
茎基宽
Stem base width		 0.95** 0.88* 0.95** 0.88* 0.84* 0.55 1.00
根长Root length 0.95** 0.88* 0.76 0.93** 0.52 0.39 0.81 1.00
单株白根数
White root number
per plant		 0.95** 0.97** 0.83* 0.91* 0.50 0.47 0.83* 0.96** 1.00
单株地上部干重
The shoot dry
weight per plant		 0.97** 0.97** 0.96** 0.88* 0.76 0.62 0.96** 0.87* 0.93** 1.00
单株地下部干重
The root dry weight
per plant		 0.99** 0.93** 0.87* 0.95** 0.61 0.45 0.89* 0.98** 0.97** 0.94** 1.00
全株干重
Dry weight of plant		 0.99** 0.97** 0.94** 0.91* 0.72 0.57 0.95** 0.92** 0.96** 0.99** 0.97** 1.00
根冠比
Root-shoot ratio		 0.70 0.56 0.44 0.78 0.21 0.03 0.50 0.87* 0.73 0.53 0.79 0.63 1.00
壮苗指数
Robust seedling index		 0.97** 0.91* 0.84* 0.96** 0.57 0.39 0.87* 0.99** 0.97** 0.91* 1.00** 0.95** 0.83* 1.00
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