播期对甜荞品种（系）农艺性状及产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.04.028

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to select the best buckwheat varieties (lines) for cultivation in western Jilin province and their optimal sowing dates, genetic diversity analysis were conducted using 14 agronomic traits and yields of 34 common buckwheat varieties (lines) on three sowing dates (22 May, 12 June and 3 July). The results showed that the sowing date had a significant impact on 14 agronomic traits of common buckwheat varieties (lines). The average of growth days with the delay in sowing shortened; four plant type traits, six grain shape traits and three yield traits showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing, first decreasing and then increasing, and gradually increasing with the delay of sowing date. The heritability of each trait showed that the heritability of grain shape traits such as area of grain, girth of grain, length to width ratio, grain length, grain width, circularity and 1000-grain weight were 0.901-0.992 on the three sowing dates, which were all greater than the other traits. In the correlation analysis, the absolute values of the correlation coefficients between area of grain and girth of grain, length to width ratio and circularity, and number of seeds per plant and seed weight per plant were greater than 0.950 on the three sowing dates. The results also showed that the common buckwheat varieties suitable for early sowing are He OK, He T and Ka 1; the common buckwheat variety suitable for medium-term sowing is He T; and the common buckwheat variety suitable for late sowing is D2. In summary, the selection of suitable sowing periods in western Jilin province combined with the planting of qualitatively appropriate varieties can increase the yield of common buckwheat.

Key words: Common buckwheat, Sowing date, Agronomic traits, Yield

Li Chunhua, Wu Han, Jiayangduola , Wang Chunlong, Wang Yanqing, Ren Changzhong. Effects of Sowing Date on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Common Buckwheat Varieties (Lines)[J].Crops, 2024, 40(4): 216-222.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Correlation coefficients for agronomic traits in different sowing dates of common buckwheat"

性状 Trait	播期 Sowing date	生育期 Growth days	株高 Plant height	主茎节数 Node number of main stem	分枝数 Number of branches	茎粗 Stem diameter	籽粒面积 Area of grain	籽粒周长 Girth of grain	长宽比 Length to width ratio	籽粒长 Grain length	籽粒宽 Grain width	籽粒圆度 Circularity	千粒重 1000- grain weight	株粒数 Number of seeds per plant
株高 Plant height	B1	0.717^**
	B2	0.532^**	－
	B3	0.041
主茎节数 Node umber of main stem	B1	0.725^**	0.841^**
	B2	0.601^**	0.830^**	－
	B3	0.216	0.815^**
分枝数 Number of branches	B1	0.338	0.450^**	0.403^*
	B2	0.521^**	0.463^**	0.330	－
	B3	0.688^**	0.196	0.246
茎粗 Stem diameter	B1	0.287	0.559^**	0.517^**	0.525^**
	B2	0.287	0.420^*	0.227	0.526^**	－
	B3	0.094	0.465^**	0.386^*	0.142
籽粒面积 Area of grain	B1	-0.223	-0.135	-0.228	-0.112	-0.251
	B2	-0.249	-0.062	-0.152	-0.138	0.158	－
	B3	-0.254	0.216	0.080	-0.401^*	0.336
籽粒周长 Girth of grain	B1	-0.181	-0.110	-0.198	-0.142	-0.253	0.972^**
	B2	-0.206	-0.016	-0.076	-0.159	0.145	0.984^**	－
	B3	-0.164	0.214	0.087	-0.393^*	0.264	0.972^**
长宽比 Length to width ratio	B1	0.266	0.285	0.355^*	0.043	0.108	-0.430^*	-0.297
	B2	0.481^**	0.329	0.517^**	0.191	-0.020	-0.630^**	-0.517^**	－
	B3	0.388^*	-0.170	-0.144	0.188	-0.073	-0.524^**	-0.400^*
籽粒长 Grain length	B1	-0.023	0.060	0.008	-0.083	-0.181	0.672^**	0.781^**	0.344^*
	B2	0.053	0.201	0.246	-0.094	0.096	0.748^**	0.843^**	0.001	－
	B3	0.041	0.126	0.019	-0.316	0.244	0.716^**	0.829^**	0.162
籽粒宽 Grain width	B1	-0.297	-0.251	-0.358^*	-0.121	-0.236	0.885^**	0.828^**	-0.778^**	0.314
	B2	-0.361^*	-0.173	-0.295	-0.212	0.088	0.957^**	0.917^**	-0.813^**	0.574^**	－
	B3	-0.302	0.256	0.149	-0.352^*	0.294	0.927^**	0.885^**	-0.777^**	0.489^**
籽粒圆度 Circularity	B1	-0.313	-0.306	-0.381^*	-0.074	-0.102	0.453^**	0.339	-0.985^**	-0.304	0.800^**
籽粒圆度 Circularity	B2	-0.482^**	-0.334	-0.514^**	-0.193	0.020	0.654^**	0.549^**	-0.993^**	0.036	0.832^**	－
	B3	-0.408^*	0.172	0.136	-0.235	0.069	0.553^**	0.423^*	-0.989^**	-0.135	0.788^**
千粒重 1000-grain weight	B1	-0.134	0.014	-0.146	0.041	-0.130	0.472^**	0.465^**	-0.085	0.373^*	0.346^*	0.083
	B2	-0.145	0.022	-0.043	-0.014	0.130	0.765^**	0.765^**	-0.417^*	0.628^**	0.711^**	0.455^**	－
	B3	-0.254	-0.077	-0.199	-0.323	0.136	0.625^**	0.629^**	-0.269	0.494^**	0.550^**	0.291
株粒数 Number of seeds per plant	B1	0.017	-0.052	-0.101	-0.081	0.205	-0.271	-0.239	0.057	-0.338	-0.257	-0.034	-0.133
	B2	-0.076	-0.007	-0.080	0.275	0.010	-0.221	-0.271	-0.106	-0.302	-0.149	0.079	-0.189	－
	B3	-0.314	-0.358^*	-0.168	-0.239	0.010	-0.009	-0.028	-0.051	-0.024	0.001	0.050	0.141
株粒重 Seed weight per plant	B1	-0.061	-0.110	-0.163	-0.112	0.141	-0.226	-0.189	0.028	-0.220	-0.143	0.005	0.055	0.951^**
	B2	-0.157	-0.019	-0.132	0.209	0.005	-0.059	-0.107	-0.229	-0.286	0.015	0.209	0.024	0.954^**
	B3	-0.289	-0.371^*	-0.178	-0.262	0.014	0.083	0.063	-0.086	0.052	0.079	0.089	0.214	0.989^**

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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编号Number	种质名称Germplasm name	来源Origin
1	白荞1号	中国吉林
2	贵甜1812-633	中国贵州
3	贵甜1812-636	中国贵州
4	贵甜1812-637	中国贵州
5	贵甜1812-643	中国贵州
6	贵甜2号	中国贵州
7	综甜2号	中国贵州
8	品甜2号	中国山西
9	苏甜2号	中国江苏
10	西农T1311	中国陕西
11	香甜2号	中国云南
12	蒙0208	中国内蒙古
13	蒙05-30	中国内蒙古
14	通荞1号	中国内蒙古
15	通荞2号	中国内蒙古
16	加1	加拿大
17	A2	俄罗斯
18	A4	俄罗斯
19	D1	俄罗斯
20	D2	俄罗斯
21	K1	俄罗斯
22	T1	俄罗斯
23	俄达1	俄罗斯
24	俄达2	俄罗斯
25	俄达3	俄罗斯
26	俄达4	俄罗斯
27	呵OK	俄罗斯
28	呵T	俄罗斯
29	喀1	俄罗斯
30	喀2	俄罗斯
31	喀4	俄罗斯
32	喀5	俄罗斯
33	喀6	俄罗斯
34	叶1	俄罗斯

性状 Trait	平均值Average			变异系数Variable coefficient (%)
性状 Trait	B1	B2	B3	B1	B2	B3
生育期Growth days (d)	111.24a	101.76b	93.53c	12.95	8.76	8.39
株高Plant height (cm)	137.77a	137.20a	130.02b	17.41	15.38	10.34
主茎节数Node number of main stem	16.83b	18.55a	15.96b	25.25	19.68	17.04
分枝数Number of branches	4.92a	4.72b	4.80ab	19.38	16.74	16.87
茎粗Stem diameter (mm)	8.40c	9.12b	9.79a	13.93	13.05	12.87
籽粒面积Area of grain (mm²)	17.86b	18.96a	18.46ab	14.33	19.09	16.20
籽粒周长Girth of grain (mm)	16.76b	17.21a	16.96ab	6.68	8.25	7.43
长宽比Length to width ratio	1.44a	1.45a	1.40b	9.66	9.72	9.29
籽粒长Grain length (mm)	6.06b	6.24a	6.07b	6.44	6.92	6.57
籽粒宽Grain width (mm)	4.23b	4.34ab	4.37a	10.17	12.44	10.98
籽粒圆度Circularity	0.72b	0.73ab	0.76a	10.92	10.96	10.53
千粒重1000-grain weight (g)	31.60ab	31.99a	30.67b	9.87	11.94	15.68
株粒数Number of seeds per plant	174.74b	231.09a	231.74a	45.58	58.31	65.35
株粒重Seed weight per plant (g)	5.07b	6.60a	6.79a	44.18	58.94	65.98

性状 Trait	遗传率Heritability
性状 Trait	B1	B2	B3
生育期Growth days	0.763	0.780	0.761
株高Plant height	0.607	0.518	0.642
主茎节数Node number of main stem	0.650	0.637	0.710
分枝数Number of branches	0.693	0.608	0.698
茎粗Stem diameter	0.718	0.538	0.670
籽粒面积Area of grain	0.901	0.950	0.928
籽粒周长Girth of grain	0.909	0.949	0.933
长宽比Length to width ratio	0.937	0.971	0.932
籽粒长Grain length	0.957	0.992	0.958
籽粒宽Grain width	0.930	0.950	0.939
籽粒圆度Circularity	0.908	0.902	0.919
千粒重1000-kernel weight	0.947	0.960	0.951
株粒数Number of seeds per plant	0.832	0.852	0.874
株粒重Seed weight per plant	0.813	0.862	0.871

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	平方和 SS	均方 MS	F值 F value
播期Sowing date	2	2 354 154.54	1 177 077.27	386.80^**
品种（系） Variety (line)	33	14 423 521.35	437 076.40	143.63^**
播期与品种（系） Sowing date and variety (line)	66	6 177 551.24	93 599.26	30.76^**
误差Error	204	620 792.00	3043.10

编号Number	B1	B2	B3
1	933.33def	642.22k	384.07rs
2	771.85ghijk	262.22o	327.41stu
3	698.52jk	289.26mno	291.85u
4	487.78l	263.33no	487.78pq
5	767.41ghijk	345.56mn	307.04tu
6	664.07k	755.93ij	476.67pq
7	1201.85b	836.67hi	641.48klmn
8	1036.67cd	835.56hi	511.11op
9	245.56m	304.81mno	321.48stu
10	516.67l	342.22mno	288.52u
11	1166.67bc	332.96mno	441.11pqr
12	885.19efg	352.96m	664.07jklm
13	858.89efghi	312.59mno	383.33rst
14	662.22k	370.74m	422.96qr
15	826.30fghij	328.52mno	715.19hijk
16	922.22def	305.19mno	606.30lmn
17	927.78def	533.70l	572.22no
18	974.07de	852.96h	1062.59b
19	858.15efghi	698.15jk	855.93def
20	969.26de	915.19gh	1381.85a
21	723.33jk	747.41j	980.00c
22	881.11efgh	972.96fg	676.30ijkl
23	735.56ijk	517.04l	839.26ef
24	515.19l	1019.63ef	852.96def
25	931.85def	1066.67de	715.93hijk
26	749.63hijk	1017.78ef	754.07gh
27	1373.33a	1358.89ab	916.67cde
28	1393.70a	1394.07a	933.70c
29	1426.30a	1301.11bc	918.89cde
30	1047.04cd	896.30gh	631.11lmn
31	904.81ef	1110.74d	722.96hij
32	974.44de	915.19gh	743.70hi
33	981.85de	1223.33c	824.44fg
34	950.37def	485.56l	598.52mn
平均值Mean	881.26	703.16	654.46

Effects of Sowing Date on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Common Buckwheat Varieties (Lines)

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