Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 119-126.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.03.015

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Growth and Development, Yield and Quality of Peanut in Northern Xinjiang

Liu Yue1(), Jia Yonghong2, Yu Yuehua1, Zhang Jinshan1, Wang Runqi1, Li Dandan1, Shi Shubing1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2Qitai County Wheat Experiment Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qitai 831800, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2023-04-30 Revised:2023-09-25 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-18

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the suitable N fertilizer management model for peanut production, using Huayu 25 as the test variety, four N levels (N1: 90 kg/ha, N2: 135 kg/ha, N3: 180 kg/ha, N4: 225 kg/ha) and three N application methods (T1: 1/2 base fertilizer+1/2 seedling fertilizer, T2: 1/2 base fertilizer+1/4 seedling fertilizer+ 1/4 flower needle fertilizer, T3: 1/2 base fertilizer+1/6 seedling fertilizer+1/6 flower needle fertilizer+1/6 pod fertilizer) were set up, and no N application was the control (CK), to analyze the influence of different N fertilizer management model on the growth, development, yield and quality of peanut. The results showed that by increasing the nitrogen fertilizer in the range of 90-225 kg/ha, the main stem height, the first collateral branch length and the number of branches were the highest in N4 treatment. The amount of dry matter and yield increased first and then decreased, with the highest in N3 treatment. The contents of protein, fat and oleic acid were the highest in N3 treatment. When the N fertilizer dosage was the same, the amount of dry matter accumulation and yield were the highest in T3 treatment. The contents of protein, fat and oleic acid were the highest in T2 treatment. The dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut were higher than other treatments, and the quality was better with the N3T3 treatment. In terms of yield improvement and quality enhancement, 180 kg/ha of N, 90 kg/ha of basal N fertilizer and 30 kg/ha top dressing of N fertilizer at the seedling, flowering needle and pod setting stages can be considered as the best N fertilizer management model for achieving high yield and quality of peanut in northern Xinjiang.

Key words: Peanut, Nitrogen fertilizer dosage, Nitrogen application method, Yield, Quality

Table 1

The stage and dosage of nitrogen fertilizer application kg/hm2"

处理Treatment 基肥
Base
fertilizer		 追肥Topdressing
施氮量
Nitrogen
dosage		 施氮方式
Nitrogen
application
method		 幼苗期
Seedling
stage		 花针期
Flowering
needle
stage		 结荚期
Pod
setting
stage
N1 T1 45.0 45.0 0.0 0.0
T2 45.0 22.5 22.5 0.0
T3 45.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
N2 T1 67.5 67.5 0.0 0.0
T2 67.5 33.8 33.8 0.0
T3 67.5 22.5 22.5 22.5
N3 T1 90.0 90.0 0.0 0.0
T2 90.0 45.0 45.0 0.0
T3 90.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
N4 T1 112.5 112.5 0.0 0.0
T2 112.5 56.3 56.3 0.0
T3 112.5 37.5 37.5 37.5

Table 2

The meteorological elements during the growing period of peanut in 2022"

月份
Month		 日照时数
Sunshine hours (h)		 平均气温
Mean temperature (℃)		 最低气温
Minimum temperature (℃)		 最高气温
Maximum temperature (℃)		 降水量
Precipitation (mm)
5 304.0 21.3 7.3 35.2 4.3
6 305.7 23.8 7.8 39.5 15.1
7 303.0 24.3 11.4 36.4 11.4
8 304.4 22.5 6.8 38.2 9.2
9 276.8 18.8 3.0 37.0 17.3

Fig.1

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer managements on main stem height Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 level, the same below."

Fig.2

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer managements on the first collateral branch length"

Fig.3

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer managements on the number of branches"

Table 3

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer managements on dry matter per plant of peanut g"

施氮量
Nitrogen amount		 施氮方式
Nitrogen application method		 出苗后天数Days after emergence
15 d 30 d 45 d 60 d 75 d 90 d 105 d
N1 T1 5.0±0.3a 14.5±0.3a 28.2±1.1b 46.3±0.6b 63.3±1.5b 62.4±0.6c 60.2±0.8c
T2 5.0±0.6a 13.5±0.5b 29.0±0.7a 47.8±0.9a 65.6±0.1a 64.4±0.1b 62.2±0.1b
T3 5.2±0.4a 12.7±0.3c 27.7±0.6c 46.8±0.2ab 66.5±0.5a 65.9±0.3a 63.1±0.0a
平均值Average 5.1±0.4c 13.6±0.9d 28.3±0.9c 46.9±0.9c 65.1±1.6c 64.3±1.5c 61.9±1.3d
N2 T1 5.4±0.6a 16.4±0.6a 30.3±0.2ab 50.9±0.5c 73.6±0.8b 69.1±0.7c 65.7±1.0b
T2 5.3±0.6a 15.8±0.7ab 30.7±0.4a 52.7±0.4a 74.9±0.6ab 70.4±0.6b 66.7±0.9ab
T3 5.3±0.4a 15.4±0.3b 29.8±0.5b 51.7±0.4b 75.8±0.3a 72.4±0.5a 67.6±0.2a
平均值Average 5.4±0.4bc 15.9±0.6c 30.3±0.5b 51.8±0.8b 74.8±1.1b 70.7±1.5b 66.7±1.1c
N3 T1 5.8±0.3a 18.7±0.5a 32.7±0.2b 54.4±0.4c 80.7±0.6b 77.5±0.3b 69.9±1.0c
T2 5.6±0.7a 17.5±0.3b 33.6±0.3a 56.9±0.3a 82.6±0.9a 79.8±0.5a 71.5±0.0b
T3 5.9±0.5a 16.9±0.7b 32.5±0.3b 55.8±0.4b 83.6±1.1a 80.4±0.7a 72.8±0.7a
平均值Average 5.8±0.5ab 17.7±0.9b 32.9±0.6a 55.7±1.1a 82.3±1.5a 79.2±1.4a 71.4±1.4a
N4 T1 6.3±0.1a 19.4±0.3a 33.0±0.3b 54.9±0.1b 80.9±0.1b 77.3±1.0b 68.9±1.1b
T2 6.1±0.2a 18.0±0.5b 34.1±0.5a 56.4±0.6a 82.7±0.7a 79.1±0.6a 71.0±1.2a
T3 6.1±0.4a 17.8±0.4b 32.8±0.4b 55.9±0.6a 83.7±0.5a 79.8±1.1a 71.0±0.4a
平均值Average 6.2±0.2a 18.4±0.9a 33.3±0.7a 55.7±0.8a 82.4±1.3a 78.7±1.3a 70.3±1.3b
CK 4.5±0.0d 11.1±0.4e 21.5±0.1d 40.0±0.9d 50.9±0.8d 51.1±0.9d 47.7±0.7e

Table 4

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer managements on peanut yield and its composition factors"

施氮量
Nitrogen
amount		 施氮方式
Nitrogen application
method		 单株荚果数
Number of pods
per plant		 饱果率
Full fruit ratio
(%)		 百果重
100-pod
weight (g)		 百仁重
100-seed
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
N1 T1 22.7b 69.2a 203.7a 83.4c 4378.7b
T2 24.3a 69.9a 204.1a 84.4b 4387.9b
T3 23.0b 71.0a 204.2a 85.0a 4430.4a
平均值Average 23.3d 70.0a 204.0c 84.3c 4398.9d
N2 T1 24.7b 67.6a 204.4b 85.1b 4493.7b
T2 25.7a 71.5a 205.2ab 85.3ab 4508.8b
T3 25.0ab 70.7a 205.9a 85.9a 4608.4a
平均值Average 25.1c 69.9a 205.2b 85.4b 4537.0c
N3 T1 27.0b 69.2a 205.6b 86.1b 4711.9b
T2 28.7a 68.6a 206.8a 86.4b 4770.9a
T3 27.7ab 68.7a 207.4a 87.2a 4788.1a
平均值Average 27.8a 68.8a 206.6a 86.6a 4757.0a
N4 T1 26.0b 68.0a 206.1a 85.0b 4673.0a
T2 27.3a 70.8a 206.2a 85.3b 4705.6a
T3 26.3ab 68.4a 207.0a 86.0a 4713.4a
平均值Average 26.6b 69.0a 206.4a 85.4b 4697.3b
CK 15.3e 67.5a 183.5d 74.9d 3867.7e

Table 5

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer managements on peanut quality"

施氮量
Nitrogen amount		 施氮方式
Nitrogen application method		 水分
Moisture (%)		 蛋白质
Protein (%)		 脂肪
Fat (%)		 油酸
Oleic acid (%)		 亚油酸
Linoleic acid (%)		 油酸/亚油酸
O/L
N1 T1 4.8b 21.1c 46.5c 41.8b 29.1b 1.4b
T2 5.2a 21.6a 47.0a 43.7a 30.0a 1.5b
T3 4.5c 21.4b 46.6b 42.1b 28.1c 1.5a
平均值Average 4.8ab 21.4d 46.7c 42.5b 29.1ab 1.5d
N2 T1 4.9ab 24.6c 49.9c 42.5b 25.8a 1.7b
T2 4.9a 24.8a 50.0a 46.7a 26.6a 1.8a
T3 4.8b 24.7b 49.9b 46.6a 26.3a 1.8a
平均值Average 4.9a 24.7c 49.9b 45.2a 26.2c 1.7b
N3 T1 4.7a 27.0b 52.4c 43.1b 24.0b 1.8a
T2 4.7a 27.1a 52.7a 47.0a 26.2a 1.8a
T3 4.5b 27.1a 52.5b 46.7a 25.9a 1.8a
平均值Average 4.6c 27.0a 52.5a 45.6a 25.4c 1.8a
N4 T1 4.8b 27.0b 46.1c 41.6b 27.5b 1.5a
T2 5.1a 27.1a 46.5a 45.2a 29.7a 1.5a
T3 4.5c 26.9c 46.2b 42.5b 27.2b 1.6a
平均值Average 4.8b 27.0b 46.3d 43.1b 28.1b 1.5c
CK 4.5d 19.2e 38.5e 38.5c 29.7a 1.3e
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