禾本科与豆科饲草作物间套作对饲草品质及氮素吸收影响的研究进展

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.001

Abstract

Abstract:

The primary issue preventing the forage sector from growing further at the moment is the scarcity of high-quality fodder. Studies on the production of fodder cropping systems with high yield, high quality, and high nutrient usage efficiency have proliferated in recent years. When compared to solitary crops, it has been demonstrated that intercropping cereals and legumes improves fodder productivity, quality, and nutrient utilization efficiency. The benefits of forage intercropping, however, differed depending on the species mix. Therefore, we classified the cereal/legume forage intercropping systems into two types. One is the short forage intercropping, which is mainly about wheat forage crops, the other is tall/short forage intercropping, which is mainly about silage maize intercropping. The results showed that the short forage intercropping increased the yield, quality and nitrogen uptake of wheat grass forage, and increased the yield and quality of most legume forage; the yield and quality of tall/short forage intercropping were increased in one crop and decreased in the other crop. At the same time, the interspecific interaction mechanism of forage intercropping to improve yield, quality and nitrogen uptake and utilization was summarized in terms of the aboveground and belowground ecological niche compensation of intercropping. It is proposed to strengthen the research on forage interspecific intercropping mechanism and to achieve synergistic increase in yield and quality of cereal and legume forage by screening intercropping varieties and optimizing the arrangement of strips according to local conditions. We aimed to clarify the suitable species combinations and advantages for the forages intercropping with high yield, high quality, and high nutrient efficiency.

Key words: Wheat forage crops, Silage maize, Legume forage, Interspecific interaction, Nitrogen uptake and utilization

Hou Yue, Wang Hongliang, Li Jie, Li Chunjie, Chen Fanjun. Research Advances on the Effects of Cereal/Legume Forage Intercropping on Forage Quality and Nitrogen Uptake[J].Crops, 2025, 41(3): 1-10.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

The land equivalent ratio and yield, quality of crop species in short forage intercropping"

间作体系 Intercropping system	土地当量比 LER	相比于单作的变化Changes compared to single cropping (%)														文献 Reference
		产量 Yield		粗蛋白 CP		粗灰分 Ash		粗脂肪 EE		中性洗涤纤维 NDF		酸性洗涤纤维 ADF		相对饲喂价值 RFV
		禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume	禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume	禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume	禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume	禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume	禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume	禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume
燕麦/箭筈豌豆 Oat/common vetch	1.76	+83.5	+51.6	－	－	－	－	－	－	-4.5	+2.8	+2.9	+2.5	+3.4	-3.5	[9]
燕麦/箭筈豌豆 Oat/common vetch	1.19	+17.2	+23.4	+24.0	+9.7	－	－	+4.5	+13.5	－	－	－	－	－	－	[10]
	1.66	+116.4	+16.1	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[11]
	－	+12.9		+50.9		－	－	－	－	-5.4		+10.0		+2.0		[12]
	1.19	+73.8	-16.7	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[13]
	1.18	+17.2	+39.1	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[14]
燕麦/苜蓿 Oat/alfalfa	1.07	+30.2	-9.0	+9.6	-2.4	-2.3	+1.6	+2.0	-5.8	-3.8	+2.3	-3.7	+2.8	+6.1	-3.5	[15]
燕麦/苜蓿 Oat/alfalfa	1.11	+14.4	+6.8	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[16]
	1.08	+24.7	-8.7	+5.8	-4.6	-7.4	-3.6	+5.7	-0.7	-4.2	-2.3	-5.9	+0.8	+7.6	+2.0	[17]
燕麦/大豆 Oat/soybean	1.56	+24.7	+34.5	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[18]
燕麦/大豆 Oat/soybean	1.24	+19.8	+28.2	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[15]
燕麦/绿豆 Oat/mung bean	1.18	+24.8	+10.9	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[15]
燕麦/豌豆 Oat/pea	1.20	+29.0	+6.1	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[19]
燕麦/豌豆 Oat/pea	1.27	－	－	+34.0		+7.7		+13.2		－		－		－		[20]
黑麦/箭筈豌豆 Rey/common vetch	1.27	+47.0	+18.0	+5.8	-10.5	－	－	－	－	+4.4	-7.4	+4.0	+17.9	-6.3	+1.2	[21]
小黑麦/苜蓿 Triticale/alfalfa	1.11	+35.1	-6.2	+3.7	-2.0	-1.5	+1.1	+0.4	-4.7	-3.5	+1.5	-2.5	+2.2	+5.0	-2.5	[22]
小黑麦/苜蓿 Triticale/alfalfa	1.09	+24.1	-0.5	7.4	0.5	-5.9	-2.0	+7.3	+0.7	-9.3	-3.9	-4.6	+1.7	+12.7	-4.4	[17]
大麦/豌豆 Barley/pea	－	-6.6		+8.3		-10.9		+2.8		-2.0		-4.5		+4.1		[23]

Table 1

Table 2

The land equivalent ratio and yield, quality of crop species in tall/short forage intercropping"

间作体系 Intercropping system	土地当量比 LER	相比于单作的变化Change compared to sole crops (%)														文献 Reference
		产量 Yield		粗蛋白 CP		粗灰分 Ash		粗脂肪 EE		中性洗涤纤维 NDF		酸性洗涤纤维 ADF		相对饲喂价值 RFV
		禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume	禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume	禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume	禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume	禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume	禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume	禾本科 Cereal	豆科 Legume
青贮玉米/拉巴豆 Silage maize/ lablab bean	－	+21.1		+18.0		+15.1		+11.5		-3.0		+2.0		+2.6		[27]
	－	+8.9		+23.5		+11.8		+2.9		-8.3		-2.6		+9.8		[28]
	－	+41.8		+78.7		+16.6		+69.6		-9.7		-11.2		+17.2		[29]
青贮玉米/秣食豆 Silage maize/ fodder soybean	－	+6.3		+15.4		+9.6		+0.3		-5.3		+1.1		+5.2		[28]
青贮玉米/苜蓿 Silage maize/ alfalfa	1.34	-31.5	－	+30.7		－		－		+6.8		+4.7		-7.6		[30]
玉米/苜蓿 Maize/alfalfa	1.46	-2.1	+106.0	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[31]
玉米/苜蓿 Maize/alfalfa	1.59	-6.0	+132.3	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[32]
	1.10	+19.3	-3.5	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[33]
	1.02	+27.8	-17.0	+7.6	-5.6	-2.5	+2.9	+1.5	-6.5	-5.2	+5.1	-3.8	+5.7	+8.0	-7.4	[22]
	1.12	-0.2	+15.1	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[34]
	1.05	+18.8	-9.4	+7.3	-11.0	-1.2	-5.9	+4.4	+1.1	-4.1	+5.3	-4.4	+5.1	+7.2	-7.0	[22]
玉米/大豆 Maize/soybean	1.62	+30.4	－	+39.1		-1.5		+5		-16.5		-0.8		+6.9		[35]
玉米/大豆 Maize/soybean	1.93	+143.8	+51.5	+26.6		－		－		-3.0		+12.0		+0.2		[36]
玉米/豇豆 Maize/cowpea	1.11	+8.0	+14.5	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	[37]
玉米/豇豆 Maize/cowpea	－	－	－	+73.4		+6.2		-7.6		－		－		－		[38]
甜高粱/苜蓿 Sweet sorghum/ alfalfa	1.01	+25.7	-17.9	+1.1	-6.4	+1.9	-3.3	+2.2	-9.1	-3.3	+5.8	-1.6	+6.3	+4.5	-8.3	[22]
甜高粱/苜蓿 Sweet sorghum/ alfalfa	1.04	+17.6	-9.8	+4.8	-12.6	+0.4	-6.0	+8.0	+0.7	-4.2	+7.1	-3.1	+6.6	+6.6	-9.2	[17]
甜高粱/拉巴豆 Sweet sorghum/ lablab bean	－	+29.3		+36.2		+19.7		+21.0		-7.2		-2.6		+9.6		[39]

Table 2

Fig.1

Table 3

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Research Advances on the Effects of Cereal/Legume Forage Intercropping on Forage Quality and Nitrogen Uptake

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间作类型 Intercropping type	间作体系 Intercropping system	氮素吸收当量比 NER	氮素吸收量相比于单作的变化 N uptake change compared to single cropping (%)		文献 Reference
间作类型 Intercropping type	间作体系 Intercropping system	氮素吸收当量比 NER	禾本科Cereal	豆科Legume	文献 Reference
矮秆饲草间套作 Short forage intercropping	燕麦/箭筈豌豆	1.23	+59.2	+11.4	[58]
矮秆饲草间套作 Short forage intercropping	燕麦/箭筈豌豆	1.39	+77.3	-38.5	[59]
	燕麦/箭筈豌豆	1.31	+97.8	-36.0	[60]
	燕麦/箭筈豌豆	1.45	+57.9	+86.1	[25]
	燕麦/箭筈豌豆	1.44	+128.1	-39.3	[26]
	燕麦/箭筈豌豆	1.42	+54.8	+36.9	[61]
	燕麦/苜蓿	1.19	+21.6	+16.6	[16]
	燕麦/苜蓿	1.03	+14.0	-4.6	[62]
	燕麦/苜蓿	1.01	+7.6	-6.6	[17]
	燕麦/绿豆	1.17	+23.1	+11.7	[63]
	燕麦/绿豆	1.12	+31.7	-11.2	[64]
	燕麦/豌豆	1.02	+2.9	+1.4	[20]
	燕麦/豌豆	0.96	+21.4	-29.6	[65]
	小黑麦/苜蓿	1.06	+18.2	-2.6	[62]
	小黑麦/苜蓿	1.01	+8.9	-7.8	[17]
	小黑麦/羽扇豆	1.32	+105.6	-40.3	[66]
	大麦/豌豆	1.28	+70.8	-14.4	[67]
高矮秆饲草间套作 Tall/short forage intercropping	玉米/苜蓿	1.03	+12.1	-3.0		[62]
高矮秆饲草间套作 Tall/short forage intercropping	玉米/苜蓿	0.97	+5.1	-11.7		[17]
	玉米/苜蓿	1.26	-1.4	+60.2		[57]
	玉米/苜蓿	1.19	-15.0	+60.8		[34]
	玉米/苜蓿	－	+8.6	-1.6		[30]
	玉米/苜蓿	－	+84.5	－		[68]
	玉米/苜蓿	－	+13.0	－		[69]
	玉米/大豆	1.08	+30.3	-20.2		[70]
	玉米/大豆	1.04	+7.8	-0.4		[71]
	玉米/大豆	1.59	+68.4	+49.9		[72]
	玉米/大豆	1.08	+6.2	+10.0		[73]
	玉米/大豆	－	+20.4	-16.3		[74]
	高粱/苜蓿	1.02	+11.4	-4.5		[62]
	高粱/苜蓿	0.96	+5.3	-13.4		[17]
	高粱/苜蓿	－	+21.3	-1.2		[75]
	高粱/大豆	1.24	+64.4	-16.8		[76]

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