Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 42-48.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.03.008

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Genetic Variation and Principal Component Analysis of Silage Maize Quality Traits

Wu Jianzhong,Li Suiyan,Lin Hong,Ma Yanhua,Pan Liyan,Li Donglin,Sun Dequan   

  1. Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2018-10-23 Revised:2019-04-12 Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-06-12
  • Contact: Dequan Sun

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Abstract:

To identify the correlation and attachment between quality traits of silage maize, 14 self-produced silage maize were selected in this study. The analysis of general descriptive statistics, genetic variation, correlation and principal component analysis were conducted for the 22 quality traits of the silage maize involved. The results showed: among the traits of silage maize, the content of fatty, potassium, lignin and starch have a large improvement space due to the greater coefficient variation of 0.20, 0.19, 0.17 and 0.16, respectively; While the coefficient variation of digestibility and energy quality was between 0.03 and 0.08, indicating that it was difficult to obtain significant genetic improvement for these traits. The high correlation between quality traits made them suitable for silage maize to reserve the most important aspects of quality traits using principal component analysis. In this study, principal components were extracted from 22 quality traits tested, and the cumulative contribution rate of the first three main components reached 91.29%, which representing the feeding value, micronutrients and crude protein components of silage maize, respectively.

Key words: Silage maize, Quality, Genetic variation, Principal component analysis

Table 1

Codes and sources of the tested silage maize materials"

材料编号Code of hybrid 来源(♀×♂) Source
17J401 P7×KWS8855M
17J402 P7-6×KWS8855M
17J403 DK1411×187M
17J405 696F×88L378
17J407 88L378×KWS8855M
17J411 88L378×707M
17J412 阳光1号
17J413 KW-18×BY815
17J414 88L378×BY815
17J417 88L378-3×BY815
17J421 88L378×BY4944
17J422 88L378-1×BY815
17J424 P7×BY815
17J425 龙育15

Table 2

Quality characters and description values of 14 silage maize materials"

指标Index 缩写
Acronym		 平均值±标准差
Mean±SD		 变幅
Range		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 变异系数(%)
Variable coefficient
灰分Ash content (%) Ash(%) 5.24±0.45 1.90 4.26 6.16 9
脂肪含量Ether extract content (%) EE(%) 2.66±0.52 1.70 1.86 3.56 20
粗蛋白质含量Crude protein content (%) CP(%) 7.50±0.94 4.13 4.42 8.55 13
淀粉含量Starch content content (%) SC(%) 32.14±5.16 19.31 18.91 38.22 16
木质素含量Crude xylogen content (%) CX(%) 2.94±0.50 2.03 2.18 4.21 17
ADF含量Acid detergent fiber content (%) ADF(%) 22.21±2.81 11.01 18.04 29.05 13
NDF含量Neutral detergent fiber content (%) NDF(%) 39.56±4.75 19.66 31.69 51.35 12
48h NDF可消化率Digestibility of NDF for 48h (% DM) dNDF48 27.54±2.28 8.81 23.92 32.73 8
体外48h干物质消化率In vitro dry matter digestibility for 48h (% DM) IVDMD48 81.04±2.50 9.77 74.82 84.59 3
Ca(%) Ca(%) 0.25±0.03 0.08 0.20 0.28 11
P(%) P(%) 0.26±0.01 0.04 0.24 0.28 5
K(%) K(%) 0.74±0.14 0.44 0.48 0.92 19
Mg(%) Mg(%) 0.24±0.01 0.02 0.23 0.25 4
非纤维性碳水化合物Non-fibrous carbohydrate (%) NFC(%) 46.13±4.44 18.42 35.22 53.64 10
体外48h NDF可消化率Digestibility of NDF in vitro for 48h (% DM) dvNDF48 69.92±2.91 11.74 63.74 75.48 4
总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient (% DM) TDN(%) 68.21±2.36 8.00 63.00 71.00 3
产奶净能Net energy of lactation (Mcal/kg) NEL 1.41±0.06 0.20 1.28 1.48 4
维持净能Net energy for maintenance (Mcal/kg) NEM 1.69±0.07 0.25 1.53 1.78 4
增重净能Net energy for gain (Mcal/kg) NEG 1.02±0.08 0.34 0.84 1.18 8
相对饲喂价值Relative feeding value RFV 170.93±24.31 100.00 120.00 220.00 14
相对牧草价值Relative pasture value Rpv 141.64±8.44 30.00 125.00 155.00 6
产奶量/t干物质Milk yield per ton dry matter (kg) Mp 1 341.93±81.69 294.00 1 152.00 1 446.00 6

Table 3

Correlation analysis of quality traits in 14 silage maize matericals"

性状Trait Ash(%) EE(%) CP(%) SC(%) CX(%) ADF(%) NDF(%) dNDF48 IVDMD48 Ca(%) P(%) K(%) Mg(%) NFC% dvNDF48 TDN(%) NEL NEM NEG RFV Rpv
EE(%) -0.610*
CP(%) -0.567* -0.191
SC(%) -0.450 -0.691** -0.322
CX(%) -0.347 -0.392 -0.296 -0.877**
ADF(%) -0.413 -0.594* -0.454 -0.965** -0.854**
NDF(%) -0.302 -0.498 -0.418 -0.952** -0.872** -0.987**
dNDF48 -0.183 -0.415 -0.413 -0.889** -0.762** -0.950** -0.972**
IVDMD48 -0.468 -0.676** -0.368 -0.971** -0.908** -0.963** -0.941** -0.849**
Ca(%) -0.678** -0.319 -0.167 -0.083 -0.091 -0.231 -0.305 -0.435 -0.094
P(%) -0.646* -0.425 -0.595* -0.360 -0.219 -0.332 -0.271 -0.226 -0.317 -0.485
K(%) -0.881** -0.833** -0.334 -0.552* -0.310 -0.458 -0.343 -0.248 -0.518 -0.630* -0.555*
Mg(%) -0.341 -0.224 -0.193 -0.239 -0.364 -0.333 -0.378 -0.432 -0.269 -0.768** -0.571* -0.397
NFC(%) -0.339 -0.468 -0.438 -0.942** -0.873** -0.982** -0.995** -0.964** -0.932** -0.280 -0.264 -0.354 -0.386
dvNDF48 -0.451 -0.536* -0.378 -0.893** -0.922** -0.891** -0.886** -0.760** -0.952** -0.051 -0.296 -0.438 -0.215 0.891*
TDN(%) -0.608* -0.741** -0.391 -0.937** -0.850** -0.874** -0.848** -0.725** -0.942** -0.186 -0.483 -0.663** -0.016 0.846** 0.930**
NEL -0.644* -0.783** -0.425 -0.954** -0.821** -0.904** -0.865** -0.762** -0.948** -0.152 -0.531 -0.696** -0.023 0.861** 0.895** 0.984**
NEM -0.628* -0.755** -0.396 -0.956** -0.859** -0.902** -0.868** -0.753** -0.957** -0.155 -0.487 -0.675** -0.045 0.866** 0.920** 0.992** 0.995**
NEG -0.445 -0.537* -0.384 -0.895** -0.919** -0.892** -0.889** -0.765** -0.952** -0.054 -0.310 -0.432 -0.203 0.892** 1.000** 0.932** 0.897** 0.921**
RFV -0.282 -0.462 -0.445 -0.920** -0.839** -0.973** -0.986** -0.963** -0.921** -0.343 -0.267 -0.319 -0.370 0.983** 0.892** 0.826** 0.836** 0.836** 0.895**
Rpv -0.695** -0.690** -0.425 -0.791** -0.785** -0.705** -0.659* -0.508 -0.815** -0.401 -0.657* -0.660* -0.172 0.650* 0.799** 0.909** 0.904** 0.911** 0.802** 0.614*
Mp -0.627* -0.763** -0.419 -0.961** -0.845** -0.916** -0.880** -0.775** -0.961** -0.128 -0.495 -0.677** -0.052 0.878** 0.917** 0.989** 0.998** 0.998** 0.918** 0.854** 0.897**

Table 4

Principal components extracted and the accumulation of eigenvalues"

成分
Component		 初始特征值Initial eigenvalues 提取平方和载入Extraction sums of squared loadings
合计Total 方差Variance (%) 累积Accumulation (%) 合计Total 方差Variance (%) 累积Accumulation (%)
1 14.88 67.66 67.66 14.88 67.66 67.66
2 4.03 18.33 85.99 4.03 18.33 85.99
3 1.17 5.30 91.29 1.17 5.30 91.29
4 0.70 3.18 94.47
5 0.55 2.50 96.97
6 0.28 1.29 98.25
7 0.18 0.83 99.08
8 0.13 0.59 99.68
9 0.04 0.20 99.88
10 0.01 0.06 99.94
11 0.01 0.03 99.97
12 0.01 0.03 99.99
13 0.001 0.01 100.00
14 5.00E-16 2.27E-15 100.00
15 3.44E-16 1.56E-15 100.00
16 2.85E-16 1.30E-15 100.00
17 8.19E-17 3.72E-16 100.00
18 4.65E-17 2.11E-16 100.00
19 -1.27E-16 -5.76E-16 100.00
20 -1.86E-16 -8.44E-16 100.00
21 -3.31E-16 -1.50E-15 100.00
22 -6.00E-16 -2.73E-15 100.00

Table 5

Loading matrix of traits factor"

性状Trait 主成分Principal component
1 2 3
Ash(%) -0.576 -0.687 -0.076
EE(%) 0.694 0.402 -0.361
CP(%) 0.470 0.256 0.778
SC(%) 0.974 -0.118 -0.105
CX(%) -0.883 0.236 0.069
ADF(%) -0.958 0.231 -0.075
NDF(%) -0.932 0.329 -0.097
dNDF48 -0.842 0.425 -0.189
IVDMD48 0.980 -0.133 -0.097
Ca(%) 0.025 0.939 -0.129
P(%) 0.462 0.631 0.440
K(%) -0.606 -0.665 0.203
Mg(%) -0.139 0.860 0.123
NFC(%) 0.930 -0.320 0.114
dvNDF48 0.939 -0.126 -0.055
TDN(%) 0.972 0.137 -0.116
NEL 0.982 0.140 -0.078
NEM 0.984 0.115 -0.111
NEG 0.941 -0.124 -0.042
RFV 0.912 -0.348 0.147
Rpv 0.862 0.358 -0.059
Mp 0.989 0.104 -0.085
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