Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 189-194.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.06.023

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Effects of Late Sowing on Main Agronomic Traits and Yield of Autumn Sesame

Yan Xiaowen(), Liang Junchao, Zeng Pan, Zhou Hongying, Wang Zhiqi, Le Meiwang, Sun Jian()   

  1. Crop Research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvementof Oil Crops / Nanchang Branch of National Oil Improvement Center, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2024-06-21 Revised:2024-09-26 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-12

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Abstract:

To explore the primary and secondary relationships among the yield per plant component factors of sesame with late-sowing tolerance and screen sesame varieties resistant to late sowing, a field experiment was conducted using 17 sesame varieties, and the yield per plant component factors were analyzed. The results showed that under different sowing dates, there were significant differences in yield per plant, length of empty top stem and initial capsule height among varieties, while the differences in 1000-seed weight and number of seeds per capsule among varieties were small. For normal sowing sesame, the yield per plant was extremely significantly positively correlated with plant height and capsule axis length, and significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the number of capsules per plant and the number of seeds per capsule. For late sowing sesame, the yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with plant height and capsule axis length, and positively correlated with the number of capsules per plant. The order of correlation between various traits and yield per plant of normal sowing sesame was: number of seeds per capsule > number of capsules per plant > initial capsule height > plant height > capsule axis length > 1000-seed weight > empty top stem length. For late-sowing sesame, the correlation order was: number of seeds per capsule > number of capsules per plant > capsule axis length > plant height > initial capsule height > empty top stem length > 1000-seed weight. In conclusion, the number of seeds per capsule and the number of capsules per plant are the two most important component factors affecting the yield per plant of sesame with late-sowing tolerance. Varieties including Ganzhi 10, Ganzhi 16, Ganzhi 20, Ezhi 2, Wanzhi 1, Yuzhi 11 and Zhuzhi 11 showed excellent comprehensive performance, and they are superior varieties suitable for autumn sesame planting in southern China and for parental selection.

Key words: Autumn sesame, Sowing date, Late sowing, Agronomic traits, Grey correlation analysis, Yield components

Table 1

The test varieties and their origins"

编号
Number		 品种
Variety		 来源
Origin		 编号
Number		 品种
Variety		 来源
Origin
1 赣芝20号 江西 10 DW607 河南
2 金黄麻 江西 11 豫芝11号 河南
3 赣芝10号 江西 12 驻芝11号 河南
4 赣芝11号 江西 13 漯芝16号 河南
5 赣芝14号 江西 14 渝芝1号 重庆
6 赣芝16号 江西 15 晋芝2号 山西
7 丰城白芝麻 江西 16 冀黑芝2号 河北
8 鄂芝2号 湖北 17 冀航芝2号 河北
9 皖芝1号 安徽

Table 2

Performance of main traits in sesame varieties under different sowing dates"

编号
Number		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 始蒴高度
Initial capsule height (cm)		 空稍尖长
Length of empty top
stem (cm)		 果轴长
Capsule axis length (cm)
正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing
1 150.50 132.90 54.80 54.40 6.20 5.00 89.50 73.50
2 126.90 120.10 46.90 49.60 4.90 2.80 75.10 67.70
3 140.60 129.40 61.20 48.00 6.20 5.90 73.20 75.50
4 148.70 125.80 57.30 50.70 6.50 5.40 84.90 69.70
5 119.60 112.20 45.70 43.90 7.50 7.10 66.40 61.20
6 148.70 135.50 52.90 51.20 5.80 5.40 90.00 78.90
7 150.30 128.20 63.90 53.80 6.30 4.10 80.10 70.30
8 125.40 131.20 44.30 48.10 3.70 4.30 77.40 78.80
9 117.50 112.80 46.80 43.70 4.80 3.10 65.90 66.00
10 67.00 68.30 26.00 18.80 5.70 4.10 35.30 45.40
11 90.90 111.10 42.80 42.30 2.90 3.50 45.20 65.30
12 123.30 110.30 46.80 42.60 6.40 3.20 70.10 64.50
13 111.30 103.40 44.10 39.20 3.30 4.00 63.90 60.20
14 120.40 85.60 46.30 40.00 5.20 2.20 68.90 43.40
15 97.50 91.20 38.30 37.90 2.60 4.00 56.60 49.30
16 91.10 111.00 35.70 40.20 2.40 4.00 53.00 66.80
17 81.10 91.70 30.60 31.30 1.00 4.20 49.50 56.20
平均Mean 118.28 111.81 46.14 43.28 4.79 4.25 67.35 64.28
变异系数
Coefficient of variation (%)		 21.71
 16.89
 21.84
 20.41
 38.01
 28.55
 23.04
 16.64
编号
Number		 单株蒴果数
Capsules per plant		 每蒴粒数
Seeds per capsule		 千粒重
1000-seed weight (g)		 单株产量
Yield per plant (g)
正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing
1 91.60 59.60 52.90 57.30 2.57 2.41 13.37 8.87
2 52.40 44.00 68.00 74.80 2.71 2.66 8.57 6.81
3 63.80 70.40 64.20 65.90 2.69 2.47 10.36 8.71
4 148.70 69.00 55.50 59.60 2.34 2.07 9.05 6.53
5 74.40 59.10 50.30 58.10 2.38 2.26 8.61 6.50
6 72.60 55.80 60.10 64.40 3.18 2.89 12.35 9.21
7 52.40 35.40 65.50 64.60 2.64 2.54 7.80 5.13
8 56.00 52.00 56.10 66.30 3.16 3.02 8.90 8.26
9 59.30 48.20 64.10 58.50 3.20 2.82 10.04 7.20
10 44.10 48.90 53.50 50.20 3.09 2.82 5.31 4.01
11 37.40 49.40 56.70 63.50 3.18 2.92 8.91 7.57
12 60.90 51.60 64.40 73.20 2.93 2.68 9.83 8.51
13 61.30 42.20 56.00 57.10 3.42 3.19 10.69 7.08
14 43.10 39.60 58.20 64.90 3.34 3.09 8.17 6.82
15 63.70 41.00 48.00 42.20 2.96 2.91 8.82 2.94
16 54.70 54.70 51.70 59.40 2.91 2.41 11.12 6.82
17 41.10 45.30 55.30 49.10 2.87 2.82 7.13 4.41
平均Mean 63.38 50.95 57.68 60.54 2.92 2.70 9.35 6.79
变异系数
Coefficient of variation (%)		 40.68
 19.16
 10.11
 13.66
 11.03
 11.34
 20.49
 26.30

Table 3

Correlation analysis of agronomic traits in sesame varieties under different sowing dates"

性状Trait X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X0
X1 1.000 0.939** 0.643** 0.970** 0.569* 0.439 -0.399 0.544*
X2 0.925** 1.000 0.614** 0.832** 0.475 0.507* -0.393 0.456
X3 0.396 0.234 1.000 0.547* 0.456 0.306 -0.386 0.116
X4 0.957** 0.781** 0.393 1.000 0.580* 0.362 -0.360 0.591*
X5 0.466 0.287 0.695** 0.508* 1.000 -0.169 -0.635** 0.350
X6 0.540* 0.558* -0.202 0.516* 0.121 1.000 0.126 0.018
X7 -0.404 -0.373 -0.582* -0.339 -0.656** -0.080 1.000 -0.087
X0 0.695** 0.607** 0.149 0.709** 0.505* 0.698** -0.075 1.000

Table 4

Correlation coefficient matrix of agronomic traits and yield per plant of sesame varieties under different sowing dates"

编号
Number		 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7
正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing
1 0.638 0.681 0.702 0.560 0.412 0.421 0.599 0.719 0.664 0.750 0.995 0.889 0.470 0.336
2 0.701 0.722 0.734 0.583 0.592 0.412 0.653 0.747 0.865 0.899 0.773 0.718 0.677 0.442
3 0.660 0.693 0.618 0.615 0.558 0.502 0.677 0.704 0.798 0.662 0.825 0.803 0.583 0.344
4 0.630 0.699 0.639 0.571 0.687 0.725 0.600 0.730 0.469 0.656 0.905 0.841 0.629 0.424
5 0.730 0.755 0.748 0.634 0.868 0.843 0.712 0.799 0.725 0.734 0.965 0.856 0.655 0.436
6 0.640 0.673 0.711 0.590 0.435 0.425 0.591 0.685 0.756 0.790 0.889 0.821 0.523 0.341
7 0.622 0.684 0.579 0.536 0.811 0.745 0.619 0.715 0.859 1.000 0.788 0.784 0.722 0.560
8 0.708 0.685 0.768 0.610 0.497 0.415 0.641 0.679 0.841 0.820 0.896 0.796 0.684 0.385
9 0.744 0.755 0.752 0.643 0.495 0.406 0.727 0.764 0.826 0.852 0.822 0.859 0.623 0.428
10 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.937 0.905 0.808 0.884 0.914 1.000 0.738
11 0.720 0.765 0.750 0.662 0.610 0.408 0.694 0.773 0.813 0.842 0.817 0.815 0.632 0.414
12 0.774 0.773 0.793 0.670 0.404 0.345 0.748 0.787 0.816 0.828 0.918 0.742 0.579 0.360
13 0.725 0.799 0.737 0.693 0.648 0.479 0.691 0.813 0.939 0.927 0.864 0.872 0.751 0.458
14 0.868 0.898 0.787 0.680 0.458 0.377 0.916 1.000 1.000 0.961 0.889 0.796 0.695 0.468
15 0.831 0.842 0.847 0.660 0.449 0.739 0.795 0.880 0.788 0.888 1.000 1.000 0.677 1.000
16 0.879 0.762 0.926 0.678 0.363 0.501 0.853 0.754 0.867 0.777 0.980 0.846 0.560 0.427
17 0.915 0.847 0.946 0.764 0.453 0.958 0.848 0.825 0.947 0.853 0.885 0.931 0.789 0.676

Table 5

Correlation degree between agronomic traits and yield per plant of sesame varieties under different sowing dates"

播种处理Sowing treatment 项目Item X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7
正常播种Normal sowing 关联度 0.752 0.766 0.572 0.727 0.816 0.887 0.661
位序 4 3 7 5 2 1 6
迟播Late sowing 关联度 0.766 0.655 0.570 0.783 0.826 0.840 0.484
位序 4 5 6 3 2 1 7

Table 6

Comprison of the yield under different sowing dates kg/hm2"

编号
Number		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing		 编号
Number		 正常播种
Normal
sowing		 迟播
Late
sowing
1 1727.0 1160.6 10 1202.8 865.0
2 1636.0 1030.6 11 1658.4 1177.0
3 1725.6 1164.4 12 1564.2 1291.6
4 1722.8 983.8 13 1412.6 1092.2
5 1479.0 970.0 14 1165.8 1031.4
6 2005.8 1356.2 15 834.6 344.4
7 1256.8 837.0 16 971.2 762.8
8 1772.2 1261.4 17 339.2 284.0
9 1743.4 1219.6
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