Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 115-122.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.016

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The Effects of Sowing Date and Sowing Rate on the Growth, Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Extremely Late-Sown Wheat Population

Tian Wenqiang(), Wang Hongyi, Nie Lingfan, Sun Ganggang, Zhang Jun, Zhang Qiangbin, Yu Shan, Li Jiahao, Zhang Jinshan(), Shi Shubing()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2024-02-02 Revised:2024-03-20 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16

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Abstract:

To clarify the suitable sowing date and sowing rate combination for extremely late-sown wheat in the northern region of Xinjiang, using Xindong 18 as the material, D1 (October 25th), D2 (November 4th), and D3 (November 14th) extremely late-sown treatments were set in the main plot, while R1 (750×104 seeds/ha), R2 (1000×104 seeds/ha), R3 (1250×104 seeds/ha), and R4 (1500×104 seeds/ha) sowing treatments were set in the split plot. Local conventional sowing date and sowing rate (September 25th, 600×104 seeds/ha) were selected as the control (CK). The effects of sowing date and sowing rate on the growth, dry matter accumulation, and yield of extremely late-sown wheat population in northern Xinjiang were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, with the increase of sowing rate of extremely late-sown wheat, the peak of total tiller number was delayed by 20 d, and ultimately increased by 51.59%. The peak of leaf area index (LAI) increased by 3.15%, and the leaf area decreased. The lowest value of scattered radiation transmittance decreased by 7.57%, the lowest value of direct radiation transmittance decreased by 5.74%, the peak value of extinction system increased by 0.71%, the peak value of dry matter accumulation decreased by 29.32%, the number of spikes increased by 20.57%, the grains per spike, the 1000-grain weight, and the yield decreased by 38.71%, 2.38% and 7.60%, respectively. Under extremely late-sown conditions, with the same sowing rate, the total number of tillers, dry matter accumulation, the number of spikes and yield manifest D2>D1>D3, LAI, flag leaf and inverted second leaf size, and extinction coefficient manifest D1>D2>D3, scattered and direct radiation transmittance showed D3>D2>D1, spike number and 1000-grain weight manifest D3>D1>D2; At the same sowing date, increasing yield first increased and then decreased when the sowing rate was increased, reaching the highest at R2. The total number of tillers, LAI, extinction coefficient, and dry matter accumulation also increased, while leaf size, scattering and direct radiation transmittance, grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight decreased. The ideal combination of sowing date and sowing rate for extremely late-sown wheat in northern Xinjiang is 1000×104 seeds/ha, sown on November 4th. In this experiment, increasing the sowing rate of extremely late-sown wheat appropriately is beneficial for improving yield.

Key words: Sowing date, Sowing rate, Extremely late-sown wheat, Group, Dry matter, Yield

Fig.1

The effects of sowing dates and sowing rates on the total tiller number of wheat"

Fig.2

Effects of sowing dates and sowing rates on LAI"

Table 1

The effects of sowing dates and sowing rates on leaf layer structure of wheat"

播期
Sowing
date		 播量
Sowing
rate		 旗叶Flag leaf 倒二叶Inverted second leaf 倒三叶Inverted third leaf 倒四叶Inverted forth leaf
长
Length
(cm)		 宽
Width
(cm)		 面积
Area
(cm2)		 长
Length
(cm)		 宽
Width
(cm)		 面积
Area
(cm2)		 长
Length
(cm)		 宽
Width
(cm)		 面积
Area
(cm2)		 长
Length
(cm)		 宽
Width
(cm)		 面积
Area
(cm2)
CK 19.17a 1.56a 30.30a 22.58a 1.34a 30.52a 19.55a 1.20a 23.67a 15.49a 1.10a 17.23a
DR 17.49a 1.28b 22.62b 20.14b 1.12b 22.81b 17.38b 0.92b 16.26b 13.58b 0.74b 10.32b
D1 R1 20.03a 1.45a 29.02a 22.10a 1.30a 28.68a 19.58a 1.05a 20.63a 15.57a 0.91a 14.28a
R2 18.60ab 1.34ab 25.19b 21.11a 1.20b 25.42b 17.83b 1.00ab 18.01b 13.94b 0.84a 11.93b
R3 18.36ab 1.31b 24.30b 20.80a 1.13b 23.55b 17.46b 0.93b 16.42b 13.80b 0.81a 11.27b
R4 17.46b 1.06c 18.68c 18.63b 0.97c 18.28c 15.74c 0.79c 12.60c 12.41b 0.65b 8.14c
平均 18.61a 1.29a 24.30a 20.66a 1.15a 23.98a 17.65a 0.94a 16.92a 13.93a 0.80a 11.41a
D2 R1 18.75a 1.39a 26.08a 21.18a 1.20a 25.49a 18.16a 0.95a 17.41a 13.71a 0.76a 10.70a
R2 18.66a 1.36a 25.68a 20.95a 1.19a 25.09a 17.75a 0.95a 16.80a 13.59a 0.74a 10.00a
R3 18.00a 1.30a 23.55a 20.80a 1.13a 23.57a 17.28a 0.93a 16.10a 13.08a 0.72a 9.60a
R4 15.96b 1.09b 17.63b 17.06b 0.97b 16.63b 15.20b 0.77b 11.72b 12.09a 0.60b 7.24b
平均 17.84a 1.28a 23.23a 20.00ab 1.12ab 22.69ab 17.10a 0.90a 15.51b 13.12a 0.70b 9.39b
D3 R1 16.63a 1.36a 22.65a 21.13a 1.19a 25.20a 19.31a 1.04a 20.07a 15.88a 0.79a 12.84a
R2 16.59a 1.32ab 21.88a 20.45ab 1.07b 22.06b 17.75b 0.94b 16.78b 13.49b 0.74a 10.10b
R3 15.76a 1.23bc 19.61ab 19.57b 1.06b 20.84bc 17.06b 0.92b 15.81b 13.13b 0.73ab 9.78b
R4 15.18a 1.13c 17.18b 17.97c 1.04b 18.91c 15.47c 0.81c 12.72c 12.33b 0.63b 8.00b
平均 16.04b 1.26a 20.33b 19.78b 1.09b 21.75b 17.40a 0.92a 16.34ab 13.70a 0.72b 10.18b
F值F-value D 17.94** 0.64ns 10.41** 3.05* 3.87* 4.69* 1.24ns 1.80ns 2.48ns 2.19ns 8.13** 6.80**
R 7.33** 31.84** 22.52** 26.93** 32.21** 36.39** 26.31** 24.27** 31.98** 12.28** 15.80** 19.28**
D×R 0.59ns 0.90ns 0.93ns 0.86ns 1.05ns 1.87ns 0.51ns 0.73ns 0.75ns 0.95ns 0.46ns 0.74ns

Fig.3

The effects of sowing dates and sowing rates on the TCDP of wheat"

Fig.4

The effects of sowing dates and sowing rates on the TCRP of wheat"

Fig.5

The effects of sowing dates and sowing rates on K of wheat"

Fig.6

The effects of sowing dates and sowing rates on the accumulation of dry matter in wheat"

Table 2

Effects of sowing dates and sowing rates on wheat yield and its composition factors"

播期Sowing date 播量Sowing rate 穗数Spike number (×104/hm2) 穗粒数Grains per spike 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 产量Yield (kg/hm2)
CK 649.88b 51.90a 42.78a 9733.79a
DR 783.56a 31.81b 43.80a 8994.44b
D1 R1 616.75d 42.75a 44.92a 9344.42a
R2 785.25c 34.05ab 44.68a 9383.53a
R3 866.75b 27.20b 43.00b 9041.31ab
R4 983.63a 23.50c 42.50b 8756.85b
平均 813.09b 31.88ab 43.77b 9131.53a
D2 R1 642.63d 38.65a 44.45a 9380.47ab
R2 829.75c 32.05b 43.70ab 9625.14a
R3 914.50b 26.65c 43.09bc 9199.58ab
R4 1016.50a 22.80c 42.64c 9022.70b
平均 850.84a 30.04b 43.47b 9306.97a
D3 R1 512.13d 41.70a 45.58a 8230.08b
R2 654.13c 36.05b 44.50b 8451.56ab
R3 737.25b 30.20c 43.90b 8811.16a
R4 843.50a 26.10c 42.69c 8686.51ab
平均 686.75c 33.51a 44.17a 8544.83b
F值F-value D 198.41** 5.79** 4.09** 21.75**
R 457.63** 78.27** 6.34** 1.90ns
D×R 0.94ns 0.50ns 42.71** 2.78ns
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