作物杂志,2024, 第6期: 242–248 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.06.033

• 种子科技 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于机器视觉技术的玉米种子精选方法研究

韩小伟1(), 周江明1, 高英波2, 田雪慧1, 李明军1, 郝延杰1, 李伟1, 李树兵1, 刘树泽1()   

  1. 1滨州市农业科学院,256600,山东滨州
    2山东省农业科学院玉米研究所/小麦玉米国家工程实验室/农业农村部黄淮海北部玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,250100,山东济南
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-11 修回日期:2023-10-17 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 刘树泽,主要从事作物栽培生理研究,E-mail:18366833521@163.com
  • 作者简介:韩小伟,主要从事玉米栽培生理研究,E-mail:506376089@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省科技特派员行动计划项目(2020KJTPY057);滨州市农社领域科技创新政策引导计划项目(2023KTPY005)

Research on Refined Selection Method for Maize Seeds Based on Machine Vision Technology

Han Xiaowei1(), Zhou Jiangming1, Gao Yingbo2, Tian Xuehui1, Li Mingjun1, Hao Yanjie1, Li Wei1, Li Shubing1, Liu Shuze1()   

  1. 1Binzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China
    2Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize /Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2023-07-11 Revised:2023-10-17 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-05

摘要:

为进一步提高玉米种子发芽率,探讨适宜的种子精选方法及参数,以郑单958为材料,通过种子形态自动化识别软件(Seed Identification)获取单粒玉米种子物理参数,并进行单粒种子发芽试验,研究玉米种子活力指标与其形态物理参数之间的相关性,筛选最优精选指标,同时采用单一指标分类法、二元逻辑回归模型和多层感知器神经网络模型预测种子发芽率,确定最佳精选方法。结果表明,幼苗芽长、根长、鲜重与种子物理参数R、A、S、B3呈显著相关。分别按170≤R≤190、10≤A≤20、16≤S≤24、71≤B3≤79进行单一指标精选,其发芽率由未筛选前的66.0%分别提升至72.1%、73.7%、75.0%、73.6%,获选率分别为56.8%、63.6%、52.3%和50.8%;二元逻辑回归模型方法使种子发芽率提高至80.9%,种子发芽获选率88.4%,模型稳定率97.3%;多层感知器神经网络模型方法下种子发芽率提高至82.9%,种子发芽获选率89.5%,模型稳定率97.7%。综上,物理指标R、A、S和B3值可作为玉米种子精选参数;相比单一指标和二元逻辑回归模型,多层感知器神经网络模型在预测种子发芽率、获选率和稳定性方面具有较强优势,可确定为最佳精选方法。

关键词: 玉米种子, 精选方法, 物理参数, 机器视觉技术, 多层感知器神经网络模型

Abstract:

In order to further improve the germination rate of maize seeds, the more suitable selection methods and parameters were discussed. Based on this, Zhengdan 958 was used as the test material in this experiment. The physical parameters of single maize seed were obtained by Seed Identification software, and the single seed germination test was carried out to study the correlation between maize seed vigor index and its morphological and physical parameters, so as to screen the optimal selection index; At the same time, the single index classification method, binary logistic regression model and multi-layer perceptron neural network model were used to predict the seed germination rate to determine the best selection method. The bud length, root length and fresh weight of seedlings were significantly correlated with the physical parameters of R, A, S and B3. According to the single index of 170≤R≤190, 10≤A≤20, 16≤S≤24, 71≤B3≤79, the germination rate increased from 66.0% to 72.1%, 73.7%, 75.0% and 73.6% respectively, and the selection rate was 56.8%, 63.6%, 52.3% and 50.8%, respectively; The seed germination rate of the binary logistic regression model method was increased to 80.9%, the seed germination selection rate was 88.4%, and the model stability rate was 97.3%; The seed germination rate of the multi-layer perceptron neural network model method was increased to 82.9%, the seed germination selection rate was 89.5%, and the model stability rate was 97.7%. In conclusion, the physical indexes R, A, S and B3 values can be used as the selection parameters of maize seeds; Compared with single index and binary logistic regression model, the multi-layer perceptron neural network model has strong advantages in predicting seed germination rate, selection rate and stability, and can be determined as the best selection method.

Key words: Maize seed, Refined selection method, Physical parameters, Machine vision technology, Multi-layer perceptron neural network model

图1

玉米种子扫描图

图2

预处理后玉米种子扫描图

图3

种子自动化识别软件采集玉米种子相关物理参数

图4

多层感知器网络拓扑结构 X表示原始物理指标参数,Y表示通过多层线性变换和非线性激活函数得到的新参数。

表1

玉米种子芽长、根长及鲜重与其物理指标间相关性分析

物理指标
Physical indicator
极小值
Minimal value
极大值
Maximum value
芽长
Bud length
根长
Root length
鲜重
Fresh weight
变异系数
Coefficient of variation
R 148.8 189.6 0.624** 0.599** 0.624** 0.06
G 132.7 199.1 -0.037 -0.085 -0.055 0.11
B 138.5 179.0 -0.140 -0.171 -0.134 0.06
L 57.2 76.7 0.081 0.030 0.064 0.08
A -18.1 16.9 0.312* 0.347* 0.331* 1.08
B2 -8.6 20.6 0.233 0.203 0.209 -29.42
H 63.6 351.5 0.147 0.135 0.142 0.35
S 6.3 24.0 0.632** 0.607** 0.608** 0.29
B3 59.2 78.1 0.418** 0.369** 0.401** 0.07
灰度Gray scale 138.8 183.4 0.105 0.055 0.090 0.07
宽度Width (mm) 7.2 9.6 0.118 0.058 0.104 0.08
长度Length (mm) 9.0 11.7 0.011 -0.052 -0.008 0.07
投影面积Projection area (px) 4892.6 7504.0 0.095 0.028 0.077 0.13

表2

玉米种子R、A、S、B3指标筛选

精选指标
Selection indicator
区间
Interval
总数
Total
发芽数
Number of
germination
未发芽数
Number of
ungerminated
发芽率
Germination
rate (%)
获选率
Selection
rate (%)
平均鲜重
Average fresh
weight (g)
简易活力指数
Simple vitality
index
原始对照Original control 200 132 68 66.0 1.0 0.269 0.178
R 140≤R<150 9 5 4 55.6 3.8 0.025 0.014
150≤R<160 27 16 11 59.3 12.1 0.058 0.034
160≤R<170 60 36 24 60.0 27.3 0.132 0.079
170≤R<180 56 38 18 67.9 28.8 0.342 0.232
180≤R≤190 48 37 11 77.1 28.0 0.520 0.400
170≤R≤190 (s) 104 75 29 72.1 56.8 0.424 0.306
A A<0 13 8 5 61.5 6.1 0.143 0.088
0≤A<5 22 8 14 36.4 6.1 0.016 0.006
5≤A<10 51 32 19 62.7 24.2 0.032 0.020
10≤A<15 65 43 22 66.2 32.6 0.357 0.236
15≤A≤20 49 41 8 83.7 31.1 0.546 0.457
10≤A≤20 (s) 114 84 30 73.7 63.6 0.438 0.323
S 4≤S<8 13 7 6 53.8 5.3 0.024 0.013
8≤S<12 44 22 22 50.0 16.7 0.036 0.018
12≤S<16 51 34 17 66.7 25.8 0.176 0.117
16≤S<20 65 46 19 70.8 34.8 0.436 0.309
20≤S≤24 27 23 4 85.2 17.4 0.540 0.460
16≤S≤24 (s) 92 69 23 75.0 52.3 0.467 0.350
B3 59≤B3<63 24 15 9 62.5 11.4 0.031 0.019
63≤B3<67 36 21 15 58.3 15.9 0.032 0.019
67≤B3<71 49 29 20 59.2 22.0 0.306 0.181
71≤B3<75 42 30 12 71.4 22.7 0.364 0.260
75≤B3≤79 49 37 12 75.5 28.0 0.441 0.333
71≤B3≤79 (s) 91 67 24 73.6 50.8 0.405 0.299

表3

玉米种子精选指标验证结果

精选指标
Selection indicator
参数
Parameter
发芽数
Number of germination
未发芽数
Number of ungerminated
发芽率
Germination rate
(%)
平均鲜重
Average fresh
weight (g)
简易活力指数
Simple vitality
index
原始对照Original control 132 68 66.0 0.269 0.178
R 170≤R≤190 109 41 72.7 0.432 0.314
A 10≤A≤20 112 38 74.6 0.433 0.323
S 16≤S≤24 113 37 75.3 0.461 0.347
B3 71≤B3≤79 105 45 70.0 0.401 0.281

表4

二元逻辑回归模型分类

实测
Actual test
选定案例预测Selected case projection 未选定案例预测No selected case projection
0 1 正确百分比Correct percentage (%) 0 1 正确百分比Correct percentage (%)
0 29 17 63.0 13 9 59.1
1 9 80 89.9 5 38 88.4
总体百分比Overall percentage (%) 80.7 78.5

表5

多层感知器神经网络模型分类

样本
Sample
实测
Actual test
预测Projection
0 1 正确百分比
Correct percentage (%)
训练
Train
0 29 17 63.0
1 6 88 93.6
总体百分比 (%) 25.0 75.0 83.6
测试
Test
0 15 7 68.2
1 4 34 89.5
总体百分比 (%) 31.7 68.3 81.7

表6

3种玉米种子精选方法对比

方法
Method
物理指标
Physical indicator
发芽率
Germination rate
获选率
Selection rate
稳定性
Stability
单一指标精选Selection single indicator 170≤R≤190 72.1 56.8
10≤A≤20 73.7 63.6
16≤S≤24 75.0 52.3
71≤B3≤79 73.6 50.8
二元逻辑回归模型Binary logistic regression model 80.9 88.4 97.3
多层感知器神经网络模型Multi-layer perceptron neural network model 82.9 89.5 97.7
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