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作物杂志,2025, 第5期: 93–101 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.05.013

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

纳米肥料在园艺作物栽培中的作用研究进展

盛彬1,2(), 林志豪1, 武志健1,3, 赵一明1, 叶雪凌2, 吕红豪1, 刘广洋1(), 徐东辉1()   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所/蔬菜生物育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部蔬菜质量安全控制重点实验室/农业农村部蔬菜产品质量安全风险评估实验室/国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心， 100081， 北京
    2 沈阳农业大学园艺学院， 110866， 辽宁沈阳
    3 湖南农业大学园艺学院， 410000， 湖南长沙
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-08 修回日期:2024-07-24 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-21
  • 通讯作者: 刘广洋，主要从事蔬菜产品营养品质与质量安全控制、新型纳米材料制备与功能解析等研究，E-mail：liuguangyang@caas.cn；徐东辉为共同通信作者，主要从事蔬菜营养品质评价、蔬菜产品质量安全与风险评估研究，E-mail：xudonghui@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:盛彬，研究方向为纳米材料对黄瓜生长发育的调控影响，E-mail：s1756313189@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金(6242028);国家重点研发计划项目“地理标志产品特色品质控制技术研究与应用（2022YFF0606800）”;国家现代农业产业体系建设专项(CARS-23-E03);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(IVF-BRF2024013);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2023LM10)

Research Progress on the Role of Nano-Fertilizers in Horticultural Crop Cultivation

Sheng Bin1,2(), Lin Zhihao1, Wu Zhijian1,3, Zhao Yiming1, Ye Xueling2, Lü Honghao1, Liu Guangyang1(), Xu Donghui1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biological Breeding / Key Laboratory of Vegetable Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Laboratory of Vegetable Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / National Technological Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Beijing 100081, China
    2 Horticulture College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
    3 Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
  • Received:2024-06-08 Revised:2024-07-24 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-21

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摘要：

近年来，在世界人口不断增长的背景下，农业纳米技术作为一个快速兴起的新研究领域已经成为提高作物生产力和养分利用效率的有力工具。农业中的纳米颗粒通常被用作纳米肥料，然而它们的持续应用还可能对园艺作物产生一定的负面影响。因此，本文概述了纳米技术对园艺作物的影响，系统阐述了纳米肥料在作物体内吸收与转运途径、影响园艺作物的主要效应及毒副作用，为纳米技术在园艺作物中应用提供理论指导。

关键词: 纳米肥料, 园艺作物, 促生作用, 毒副作用

Abstract:

In recent years, agricultural nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative research field, offering innovative solutions to enhance crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency amidst growing global population demands. Nanoparticles in agriculture are often used as nano-fertilizers, but their continued use may also have a negative impact on horticultural crops. Therefore, this paper summarized the influence of nanotechnology on horticultural crops, systematically expounded the absorption and transport ways of nano-fertilizer in crops, the main effects and phytotoxic effects of horticultural crops, and provided theoretical guidance for the application of nanotechnology in horticultural crops.

Key words: Nano-fertilizer, Horticultural crop, Growth-promoting effect, Phytotoxic effects

图1

NPs通过不同处理在植物不同部位吸收与转运途径示意图

表1

促进园艺作物生长发育的纳米颗粒

园艺作物Horticultural crop 纳米颗粒NPs 浓度Concentration 方式Way 阶段Stage 参考文献Reference
番茄Solanum lycopersicum Se NPs 75 μg/kg 土壤施用 苗期 [25]
黄瓜Cucumis sativus L. MoS2 NPs 100 mg/kg 根系浸泡 苗期 [26]
黄瓜Cucumis sativus L. CeO2 NPs 10 mg/kg 根系浸泡 苗期 [27]
黄瓜Cucumis sativus L. SiO2 NPs 40 mg/L 叶片喷施 幼苗期 [28]
黄瓜Cucumis sativus L. Mn3O4 NPs 20 mg/L 叶片喷施 苗期 [29]
紫苏Perilla frutescens ZnO NPs 100 mg/L 叶片喷施 幼苗期 [30]
薄荷Mentha canadensis L. MWCNT 200 μg/mL 叶片喷施 苗期 [31]
苜蓿Medicago sativa L. Fe NPs 10 mg/L 浸种+喷叶 幼苗期 [32]
茄子Solanum melongena L. ZnO NPs 50、100 mg/L 叶片喷施 苗期 [33]
辣椒Capsicum annuum L. Se NPs 20 mg/L 叶片喷施 苗期 [34]

图2

NPs通过增强光合作用来改善植物生理示意图

表2

纳米材料对园艺作物非生物胁迫的影响

纳米颗粒
NPs		 胁迫
Stress		 影响
Effect		 参考文献
Reference
PNC（聚丙烯酸涂层CeO2 NPs）
 盐
 PNC增强了叶片K的保留和Na的排出，从而更好地维持细胞质K+/Na+稳态，从而提高棉花耐盐性。 [61]
CuO NPs
 干旱
 可以保持玉米叶片水分状态以及叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量，增加ROS清除酶的活性和产量。 [62]
ZnO NPs
 干旱
 ZnO NPs通过调控各种形态、生理生化属性，上调抗氧化酶来改善干旱的氧化应激，正向调节黄瓜的耐旱性。 [63]
MgFe-LDHs
 低温
 MgFe-LDHs通过上调水杨酸刺激CsFAD3表达，降低脱落酸和茉莉酸的水平以支持黄瓜幼苗出苗率和生长，增加过氧化物酶基因的表达和活性。 [64]
Se NPs
 低温
 叶面喷施Se缓解了低温胁迫下草莓幼苗叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量下降，提高了草莓幼苗叶片丙二醛和H2O2含量。 [65]
Zn、Si、B
 盐
 提高了马铃薯株高、地上部干重、叶片相对含水量、光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量和块茎产量。 [66]
PMC和PMO
（聚丙烯酸涂层Mn3O4 NPs）		 盐
 PNC和PMO处理的油菜植株鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm和碳同化率均显著高于对照植株，同时能维持ROS稳态。 [67]
Fe3O4 NPs
 重金属
 Fe3O4 NPs通过调节离子平衡、抗氧化剂含量和代谢谱来改善Cd/As诱导的生长抑制。 [68]
Fe3O4 NPs、ZnO NPs
 重金属
 促进植株生长，在Cd毒性作用下提高了株高、根长、地上部和根鲜重并解除Cd胁迫对于烟草生长的不利影响 [69]

图3

NPs应用对植物遗传、形态生理和生化性状的负面影响

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