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作物杂志,2026, 第1期: 133–142 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.017

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

河套灌区杭锦后旗间套作种植生产现状及限制因素分析

侯岳1(), 宋涛1(), 徐俊平1, 李杰2, 赵强2, 李春杰1(), 陈范骏1   

  1. 1中国农业大学资源与环境学院/国家农业绿色发展研究院/养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室，100193，北京
    2杭锦后旗现代农业发展中心，015400，内蒙古巴彦淖尔
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-01 修回日期:2024-08-16 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 李春杰，主要从事间套作与资源高效利用研究，E-mail：li.chunjie@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:侯岳，主要从事饲草间套作资源高效利用研究，E-mail：houyueuse@163.com；|宋涛为共同第一作者，主要从事多样化种植研究，E-mail：songtao970203@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900300)

Analysis of Production Status and Limiting Factors of Intercropping Systems in Hanggin Rear Banner, Hetao Irrigation District

Hou Yue1(), Song Tao1(), Xu Junping1, Li Jie2, Zhao Qiang2, Li Chunjie1(), Chen Fanjun1   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University / National Academy of Agriculture Green Development / State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Beijing 100193, China
    2Modern Agricultural Development Center of Hanggin Rear Banner, Bayannur 015400, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2024-08-01 Revised:2024-08-16 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-10

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摘要：

为明确河套灌区间套作种植的生产现状及限制因素，选择河套灌区具有代表性的杭锦后旗为研究区域开展调研。基于杭锦后旗8个乡镇24个行政村，共收集503份有效调研问卷，结果表明杭锦后旗较为广泛种植的间套作体系分别有小麦/玉米、小麦/向日葵、西瓜/向日葵套作和玉米||大豆间作（以粮食作物、经济作物为主），其中小麦/玉米、小麦/向日葵套作分布最多，分别占42.5%和23.5%，均能明显提高土地利用效率，土地当量比分别为1.48和1.29。当地间套作种植主要存在两方面限制因素，一方面，间套作种植中田间管理措施更为复杂，其中灌溉次数和除草次数平均比单作高1.0和0.9次；另一方面，间套作体系的平均施氮量比单作高70.7%。基于此，该地区需进一步探索适合间套作的田间管理措施和施肥策略，以减少水肥投入，同时应加强间套作配套机械和除草剂等相关生产资料的研发，并开展技术培训以提高农户对间套作种植的认知。

关键词: 间套作生产现状, 限制因素, 河套灌区

Abstract:

To clarify the production status and limiting factors of intercropping systems in the Hetao Irrigation District, Hanggin Rear Banner, a representative area for crop cultivation in the Hetao Irrigation District, was selected as the research site for the survey. Based on 503 valid questionnaires from 24 administrative villages across eight townships of Hanggin Rear Banner, the results showed that the intercropping systems were widely applied in Hanggin Rear Banner. There were wheat/maize, wheat/sunflower, watermelon/sunflower and maize||soybean (mainly food and cash crops). The wheat/maize and wheat/sunflower relay were cropping the most prevalent, accounting for 42.5% and 23.5%, respectively. Both systems significantly improved land use efficiency, with land equivalent ratios of wheat/maize and wheat/sunflower were 1.48 and 1.29, respectively. There were two main limitations of applying intercropping in this region. On the one hand, field managements were more complex in intercropping than monocultures, with the average number of irrigations and weeding times were higher, with an average of 1.0 and 0.9 times higher than in monocropping, respectively; on the other hand, the average amount of nitrogen application in intercropping systems was 70.7% higher than in monocropping. Overall, it is necessary to further explore field management practices and fertilization strategies suitable for intercropping in the area to reduce water and fertilizer inputs. Meanwhile, the research and development of intercropping machinery, herbicides and other related production materials should be strengthened, and technical training should be carried out to enhance farmers? understanding of intercropping.

Key words: Status of intercropping production, Limiting factor, Hetao Irrigation District

表1

调研样本农户特征

指标Index 分布Distribution 占比Proportion (%)
人口Population 男 84
女 16
年龄Age < 40 2
40~50 10
50~60 56
> 60 32
受教育水平
Educational level		 小学 28.4
初中 59.2
高中 11.4
高中以上 1.0
经营类型Operation type 小农户 92
合作社 5
订单生产户 3

表2

杭锦后旗间套作体系的样本分布

编号
Number		 地区
Area		 小麦/
向日葵
Wheat/
Sunflower		 小麦/
玉米
Wheat/
Maize		 西瓜/
向日葵
Watermelon/
Sunflower		 玉米||大豆
Maize||
Soybean		 总计
Total
1 头道桥镇 62 21 0 5 88
2 二道桥镇 5 10 0 4 19
3 蛮会镇 6 10 0 4 20
4 陕坝镇 0 0 0 9 9
5 蒙海镇 2 3 14 1 20
6 三道桥镇 0 1 15 0 16
7 沙海镇 0 0 0 10 10
8 双庙镇 10 2 0 6 18
总计Total 85 47 29 39 200

图1

不同种植体系的作物产量

图2

不同种植体系的施肥量

图3

不同间套作体系的时间生态位分离

图4

不同种植体系的灌溉次数和除草次数 “n”代表调研样本数。

图5

不同间套作种植体系农事操作的机械化情况 (a)、(b)、(c)、(d) 分别代表小麦/向日葵、小麦/玉米、西瓜/向日葵、玉米||大豆间套作的机械化情况。

图6

采取间套作种植的原因及田间管理信息来源

图7

间套作种植技术指导需求及种植意愿

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