气象条件对优质再生稻米形成的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.03.019

作物杂志,2020, 第3期: 125–131 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.03.019

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇下一篇

气象条件对优质再生稻米形成的影响

田玉聪¹^,², 段门俊¹^,², 朱杰³, 冯香诏¹^,², 高珍珍¹^,², 刘章勇¹^,², 陈阜⁴, 金涛¹^,²()

¹长江大学主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,434025,湖北荆州
²长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,434025,湖北荆州
³湖北省襄阳市农业科学院,441000,湖北襄阳
⁴中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,100193,北京

收稿日期:2019-10-29 修回日期:2019-12-21 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-10
通讯作者: 金涛 E-mail:jintao@yangtzeu.edu.cn
作者简介:田玉聪,主要从事作物栽培学与土壤学方面研究,E-mail: 1024317877@qq.com
基金资助:
国家“十三五”粮食丰产增效科技创新专项“粮食作物丰产增效资源配置机理与种植模式优化”(2016YFD0300208)

Effects of Meteorological Conditions on Formation of High Quality Ratoon Rice

Tian Yucong¹^,², Duan Menjun¹^,², Zhu Jie³, Feng Xiangzhao¹^,², Gao Zhenzhen¹^,², Liu Zhangyong¹^,², Chen Fu⁴, Jin Tao¹^,²()

¹Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
²Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland of Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
³Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang 441000, Hubei, China
⁴College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2019-10-29 Revised:2019-12-21 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-10
Contact: Tao Jin E-mail:jintao@yangtzeu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明影响再生稻稻米品质的主要气象因子,以甬优4949、新两优223和丰两优香1号为试验材料,于2016-2017年在湖北省洪湖市沙口镇展开大田试验,对比分析2年3个再生稻品种的品质差异及其与头季、再生季各气象因子间的相关性。结果表明,不同品种再生稻稻米品质差异显著。供试品种中,甬优4949的加工、外观及蒸煮品质表现最佳,其整精米率2016年为68.5%,2017年为66.2%,显著高于新两优223和丰两优香1号;其垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量最低,2016年分别为2.5%、1.4%和17.4%,2017年分别为2.9%、1.6%和16.5%。丰两优香1号营养品质最佳,其清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白和总蛋白含量最高,并显著高于甬优4949,2年丰两优香1号总蛋白含量分别达9.23g/100g（2016年）和9.16g/100g（2017年）。再生稻稻米品质与气象条件相关性分析结果表明,再生稻加工品质与头季灌浆期日最低温度（T_min）、日均温度（T_mean）和有效积温（effective accumulated temperature,EAT）,及再生季始穗前和灌浆期EAT呈显著正相关。外观、蒸煮食味与营养品质均与头季营养生长期间T_mean和EAT呈显著负相关,与再生季始穗前T_min,灌浆期间T_min、日最高温度及T_mean呈显著正相关。再生稻头季营养生长阶段与再生季灌浆期气象条件均能显著影响再生稻稻米品质,温度因子是影响再生稻稻米品质的主要气象因素。

关键词: 再生稻, 稻米品质特性, 气象因子, 品种差异

Abstract:

In order to study the main meteorological factors affecting the quality of ratoon rice, a field experiment was carried out in Shakou Town, Honghu City, Hubei Province from 2016 to 2017 with ratoon rice varieties of Yongyou 4949, Xinliangyou 223 and Fengliangyouxiang 1, for comparing and analyzing the difference of rice quality and its correlation with meteorological factors in the main rice and ratoon rice. The results showed that there were significant differences in rice quality among different varieties of ratoon rice. Among the tested varieties, Yongyou 4949 was the best in terms of milling, appearance and cooking quality, and its whole milled rice rate was 68.5% in 2016 and 66.2% in 2017, which was significantly higher than other two varieties. The chalky grain rate, chalkiness degree and amylose content of Yongyou 4949 were the lowest, which were 2.5%, 1.4% and 17.4% in 2016, 2.9%, 1.6% and 16.5% in 2017, respectively. The nutritional quality of Fengliangyouxiang 1 was the best and its contents of albumin, globulin, gluten and total protein were the highest and significantly higher than Yongyou 4949. The total protein content of Fengliangyouxiang 1 reached 9.23g/100g in 2016 and 9.16g/100g in 2017. The milling quality of ratoon rice was significantly positively correlated with the daily minimum temperature (T_min), daily average temperature (T_mean), effective accumulated temperature (EAT) before the initial heading and during the filling stage of the main rice. The appearance, cooking and nutritional quality were significantly negatively correlated with the T_mean and EAT during the vegetative growth period of the main rice, and significantly positively correlated with the T_min before the initial heading and the T_min, maximum daily temperature and T_mean during the filling stage of the ratoon rice. The meteorological conditions of the vegetative growth stage of the main rice and the filling stage of the ratoon rice can significantly affect the quality of the rice, whereas, the temperature is the main meteorological factor affecting the quality of ratoon rice.

Key words: Ratoon rice, Rice quality character, Meteorological factor, Variety difference

田玉聪, 段门俊, 朱杰, 冯香诏, 高珍珍, 刘章勇, 陈阜, 金涛. 气象条件对优质再生稻米形成的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2020 (3): 125–131

Tian Yucong, Duan Menjun, Zhu Jie, Feng Xiangzhao, Gao Zhenzhen, Liu Zhangyong, Chen Fu, Jin Tao. Effects of Meteorological Conditions on Formation of High Quality Ratoon Rice[J]. Crops, 2020(3): 125–131

图/表 5

表1

表2

表3

表4

头季气象条件与再生稻稻米品质间Pearson相关系数"

品质指标 Quality index	播种-始穗Sowing-Initial heading							始穗-齐穗Initial heading-Full heading							齐穗-成熟 Full heading-Maturation
品质指标 Quality index	T_min	T_max	T_mean	EAT	降水量 Precipitation	日照时数 Sunshine duration	PAR	T_min	T_max	T_mean	EAT	降水量 Precipitation	日照时数 Sunshine duration	PAR	T_min	T_max	T_mean	EAT	降水量 Precipitation	日照时数 Sunshine duration	PAR
糙米率Brown rice rate	-0.197	-0.969^**	-0.428	-0.238	-0.945^**	-0.988^**	-0.984^**	0.270	0.386	0.321	-0.949^**	-0.263	-0.703	-0.767	-0.952^**	-0.951^**	-0.950^**	-0.789	-0.877^*	-0.886^*	-0.902^*
精米率Polished rice rate	-0.821^*	-0.472	-0.367	-0.596	-0.798	-0.634	-0.557	-0.266	0.062	-0.142	-0.714	-0.378	-0.742	-0.778	-0.752	-0.743	-0.751	-0.920^**	-0.824^*	-0.744	-0.778
整精米率Whole polished rice rate	-0.928^**	-0.189	-0.854^*	-0.957^**	-0.273	-0.010	-0.089	-0.485	-0.276	-0.443	-0.198	-0.687	-0.474	-0.461	-0.213	-0.204	-0.213	-0.547	-0.358	-0.253	-0.282
垩白粒率Chalky grain rate	-0.878^*	-0.155	-0.788	-0.872^*	-0.267	-0.037	-0.061	-0.351	0.063	0.246	-0.199	-0.511	0.369	-0.381	-0.194	-0.181	-0.192	-0.507	-0.392	-0.201	-0.242
垩白度Chalkiness degree	-0.639	-0.229	-0.358	-0.496	-0.479	-0.361	-0.293	0.194	-0.258	-0.046	-0.445	-0.194	0.376	-0.429	-0.424	-0.411	-0.420	-0.607	-0.566	-0.400	-0.442
长宽比Length-width ratio	-0.794	-0.531	-0.958^**	-0.979^**	-0.084	-0.350	-0.441	0.500	0.455	0.556	-0.182	-0.744	0.203	-0.159	-0.145	-0.152	-0.144	-0.209	-0.018	-0.089	-0.069
清蛋白含量Albumin content	-0.797	-0.536	-0.958^**	-0.962^**	-0.096	-0.354	-0.447	0.453	0.330	0.451	-0.170	-0.663	0.157	-0.128	-0.165	-0.173	-0.164	-0.196	-0.032	-0.122	-0.095
球蛋白含量Globulin content	-0.726	-0.574	-0.923^**	-0.913^*	-0.165	-0.407	-0.494	0.468	0.322	0.440	-0.215	-0.639	0.096	-0.067	-0.226	-0.235	-0.226	-0.129	-0.043	-0.177	-0.153
醇溶蛋白含量Gliadin content	-0.172	-0.523	-0.165	-0.023	-0.564	-0.546	-0.544	0.043	-0.108	-0.096	-0.491	-0.083	-0.522	-0.518	-0.577	-0.582	-0.580	-0.488	-0.477	-0.569	-0.564
谷蛋白含量Glutenin content	-0.744	-0.439	-0.854^*	-0.874^*	-0.040	-0.274	-0.359	0.471	0.262	0.401	-0.071	-0.611	0.195	-0.177	-0.095	-0.103	-0.095	-0.244	-0.066	-0.047	-0.023
总蛋白含量Total protein content	-0.739	-0.491	-0.882^*	-0.890^*	-0.088	-0.325	-0.411	0.465	0.276	0.409	-0.126	-0.617	0.154	-0.133	-0.146	-0.155	-0.147	-0.200	-0.027	-0.099	-0.074
直链淀粉含量Amylose content	-0.487	-0.827^*	-0.893^*	-0.826^*	-0.486	-0.707	-0.769	0.542	0.593	0.627	-0.543	-0.721	-0.114	-0.185	-0.522	-0.524	-0.519	-0.190	-0.406	-0.434	-0.434

表4

表5

再生季气象条件与再生稻稻米品质Pearson相关系数"

品质指标 Quality index	播种-始穗 Sowing-Initial heading							始穗-齐穗 Initial heading-Full heading							齐穗-成熟 Full heading-Maturation
品质指标 Quality index	T_min	T_max	T_mean	EAT	降水量 Precipitation	日照时数 Sunshine duration	PAR	T_min	T_max	T_mean	EAT	降水量 Precipitation	日照时数 Sunshine duration	PAR	T_min	T_max	T_mean	EAT	降水量 Precipitation	日照时数 Sunshine duration	PAR
糙米率Brown rice rate	-0.677	-0.994^**	-0.965^**	-0.570	-0.858^*	-0.975^**	-0.978^**	0.810	-0.928^**	-0.861^*	0.418	-0.820^*	0.539	0.569	-0.599	-0.725	-0.709	-0.534	-0.558	-0.935^**	-0.955^**
精米率Polished rice rate	-0.160	-0.556	-0.387	-0.989^**	-0.185	-0.704	-0.694	0.795	-0.611	-0.773	0.731	-0.547	0.793	0.759	-0.203	-0.057	-0.083	-0.956^**	-0.436	-0.708	-0.695
整精米率Whole polished rice rate	-0.723	-0.068	-0.256	-0.782	-0.437	-0.124	-0.106	0.426	-0.053	-0.320	0.643	-0.051	0.571	0.518	-0.740	-0.648	-0.669	-0.799	-0.117	-0.176	-0.146
垩白粒率Chalky grain rate	-0.623	-0.030	-0.198	-0.772	-0.434	-0.159	-0.144	-0.342	-0.001	-0.252	-0.525	-0.029	-0.412	-0.366	-0.607	-0.532	-0.554	-0.811	0.258	-0.240	-0.203
垩白度Chalkiness degree	-0.203	-0.296	-0.170	-0.771	-0.044	-0.443	-0.438	-0.407	-0.243	-0.405	-0.274	-0.195	-0.239	-0.195	-0.146	-0.063	-0.087	-0.802	0.425	-0.508	-0.487
长宽比Length-width ratio	-0.907^*	-0.415	-0.576	-0.488	-0.711	-0.243	-0.264	-0.127	-0.266	-0.006	-0.589	-0.241	-0.482	-0.438	-0.935^**	-0.895^*	-0.906^*	-0.498	-0.100	-0.195	-0.233
清蛋白含量Albumin content	-0.884^*	-0.414	-0.569	-0.507	-0.737	-0.234	-0.252	-0.079	-0.319	-0.049	-0.468	-0.301	-0.319	-0.272	-0.877^*	-0.844^*	-0.858^*	-0.547	-0.023	-0.156	-0.197
球蛋白含量Globulin content	-0.880^*	-0.467	-0.610	-0.438	-0.751	-0.292	-0.308	-0.006	-0.375	-0.112	-0.333	-0.342	-0.180	-0.126	-0.850^*	-0.828^*	-0.841^*	-0.491	-0.070	-0.209	-0.247
醇溶蛋白含量Gliadin content	-0.274	-0.540	-0.500	-0.312	-0.494	-0.518	-0.512	0.590	-0.633	-0.589	0.624	-0.582	0.778	0.806	-0.130	-0.221	-0.218	-0.214	-0.147	-0.427	-0.440
谷蛋白含量Glutenin content	-0.795	-0.337	-0.487	-0.524	-0.627	-0.161	-0.175	-0.112	-0.250	-0.009	-0.308	-0.221	-0.175	-0.115	-0.755	-0.714	-0.730	-0.582	-0.013	-0.079	-0.110
总蛋白含量Total protein content	-0.827^*	-0.386	-0.534	-0.493	-0.678	-0.210	-0.225	-0.069	-0.301	-0.040	-0.315	-0.272	-0.172	-0.115	-0.789	-0.756	-0.771	-0.550	-0.028	-0.126	-0.160
直链淀粉含量Amylose content	-0.985^**	-0.758	-0.867^*	-0.086	-0.880^*	-0.628	-0.644	0.234	-0.581	-0.359	-0.239	-0.497	-0.122	-0.071	-0.977^**	-0.997^**	-0.997^**	-0.109	-0.397	-0.585	-0.616

表5

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	有效积温(℃) Effective accumulated temperature		降水量(mm) Precipitation		日照时数(h) Sunshine duration		光合有效辐射(MJ/m²) Photosynthetically active radiation
年份 Year	品种 Variety	头季 Main rice	再生季 Ratoon rice	头季 Main rice	再生季 Ratoon rice	头季 Main rice	再生季 Ratoon rice	头季 Main rice	再生季 Ratoon rice
2016	甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	2 045.1	1 019.1	1 298.2	149.4	816.3	407.4	2 580.02	1 176.01
	新两优223 Xinliangyou 223	1 671.8	941.4	1 297.2	103.7	769.5	450.7	2 453.93	1 269.68
	丰两优香1号 Fengliangyouxiang 1	1 671.8	944.3	1 297.2	104.6	769.5	450.7	2 453.93	1 273.08
2017	甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	2 141.9	932.5	984.9	192.0	923.5	290.0	2 853.10	896.25
	新两优223 Xinliangyou 223	1 785.0	817.0	980.6	196.3	898.2	268.0	2 776.92	869.82
	丰两优香1号 Fengliangyouxiang 1	1 785.0	817.0	980.6	196.3	898.2	268.0	2 776.92	869.82

年份 Year	品种 Variety	糙米率(%) Brown rice rate	精米率(%) Polished rice rate	整精米率(%) Whole polished rice rate	垩白粒率(%) Chalky grain rate	垩白度(%) Chalkiness degree	长宽比 Length-width ratio
2016	甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	79.5±0.3a	69.7±0.2a	68.5±0.3a	2.5±0.1b	1.4±0.2a	2.1±0.1c
	新两优223 Xinliangyou 223	80.5±0.1a	68.7±0.1b	62.2±0.5b	4.7±1.0ab	1.1±0.2a	2.9±0.1a
	丰两优香1号 Fengliangyouxiang 1	80.9±2.2a	67.7±0.6c	60.2±1.2c	7.4±2.2a	2.3±1.1a	2.8±0.1b
2017	甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	76.8±0.6a	67.6±0.6a	66.2±0.8a	2.9±0.2b	1.6±0.3a	2.1±0.1b
	新两优223 Xinliangyou 223	77.7±0.4a	65.9±0.2b	60.0±0.6b	7.0±0.9a	2.1±0.2a	2.8±0.1a
	丰两优香1号 Fengliangyouxiang 1	77.7±1.0a	66.4±0.9ab	58.9±1.2b	8.5±1.4a	2.6±0.9a	2.7±0.1a

年份 Year	品种 Variety	直链淀粉(%) Amylose	清蛋白(g/100g) Albumin	球蛋白(g/100g) Globulin	醇溶蛋白(g/100g) Gliadin	谷蛋白(g/100g) Glutenin	总蛋白(g/100g) Total protein
2016	甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	17.4±0.6b	0.75±0.10b	0.47±0.06b	0.46±0.03a	6.45±0.25b	8.13±0.20b
	新两优223 Xinliangyou 223	20.7±0.8a	0.91±0.09ab	0.57±0.01ab	0.43±0.02a	6.85±0.04ab	8.76±0.08a
	丰两优香1号 Fengliangyouxiang 1	20.4±0.9a	0.95±0.02a	0.62±0.06a	0.47±0.01a	7.20±0.51a	9.23±0.45a
2017	甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	16.5±0.9b	0.73±0.09b	0.45±0.06b	0.43±0.04a	6.42±0.25b	8.02±0.20b
	新两优223 Xinliangyou 223	18.8±0.5a	0.90±0.10a	0.55±0.02ab	0.42±0.01a	6.83±0.04ab	8.70±0.09a
	丰两优香1号 Fengliangyouxiang 1	18.6±1.0a	0.93±0.03a	0.60±0.07a	0.45±0.01a	7.18±0.51a	9.16±0.44a

气象条件对优质再生稻米形成的影响

Effects of Meteorological Conditions on Formation of High Quality Ratoon Rice

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