氮磷钾配施对植烟土壤速效养分和真菌多样性的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮磷钾肥可通过改变土壤养分影响烟叶质量，然而其对植烟土壤真菌多样性的影响尚不清晰。设置CK（不施肥）、NPK、PK、NK和NP处理，通过高通量测序和RDA方法对植烟土壤速效养分及其与土壤真菌多样性之间的关系进行分析，为通过土壤速效养分调控真菌多样性提供理论依据。结果表明，不同施肥处理对速效养分影响不同，移栽后30和60d施肥处理显著降低了土壤的pH。施肥处理降低了真菌的多样性（移栽后30d）和丰富度（移栽后60d），在门水平上，施肥处理通过改变担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、接合菌门（Zygomycota）和壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）的相对丰度影响真菌群落结构；在属水平上，移栽后30d施肥处理增加了木霉属（Trichoderma）和青霉属（Penicillium）的相对丰度（PK处理除外），移栽后90d施肥处理降低了镰刀菌属（Fusarium）的相对丰度。土壤速效养分和pH对真菌群落组成影响显著，其中速效磷和碱解氮是主要影响因子。

关键词: 氮磷钾配施, 植烟土壤, 速效养分, 真菌多样性

Abstract:

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer affect tobacco leaf quality by changing soil nutrients, but the mechanism of its effect on fungal diversity in tobacco-growing soil is unclear. Five treatments were set in the field experiment, CK (no fertilization), NPK, PK, NK and NP. We adopted high-throughput sequencing method and redundancy analysis to analyze the relationships between soil available nutrients and fungal diversity for providing a theoretical basis of regulating fungal diversity through soil available nutrients. The results showed that NPK, PK, NK and NP treatments had different effects on available nutrients and significantly decreased soil pH at 30 and 60d after transplanting. NPK, PK, NK and NP treatments decreased fungal diversity (30d after transplanting) and richness (60d after transplanting). At the phylum level, NPK, PK, NK and NP treatments altered fungal community structure by changing the relative abundances of Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, and Chytridiomycota. At the genus level, NPK, PK, NK and NP treatments increased the relative abundances of Trichoderma and Penicillium at 30d after transplanting (except PK treatment), while decreased the relative abundance of Fusarium at 90d after transplanting. Soil available nutrients and pH had significant effects on fungal community composition, among which available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were the main influencing factors.

Key words: Application of NPK, Tobacco-growing soil, Available nutrients, Fungal diversity

李航, 苏梦迪, 黄浪平, 马啸, 王欢欢, 敖飞, 胡丽涛, 张松涛. 氮磷钾配施对植烟土壤速效养分和真菌多样性的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023 (3): 238–245

Li Hang, Su Mengdi, Huang Langping, Ma Xiao, Wang Huanhuan, Ao Fei, Hu Litao, Zhang Songtao. Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Application on Available Nutrients and Fungal Diversity in Tobacco-Growing Soil[J]. Crops, 2023(3): 238–245

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处理 Treatment	硝酸铵 Ammonium nitrate	重过磷酸钙 Superphosphate	硫酸钾 Potassium sulfate
NPK	317.14	245.93	749.10
PK	0.00	245.93	749.10
NK	317.14	0.00	749.10
NP	317.14	245.93	0.00
CK	0.00	0.00	0.00

取样时间 Sampling time	处理 Treatment	碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolyzable N (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)	pH
移栽后30d 30d after transplanting	NPK	130.68±4.23b	52.59±4.73b	418.16±37.31b	4.59±0.03b
移栽后30d 30d after transplanting	PK	139.65±7.09ab	66.75±1.79a	719.64±43.14a	4.92±0.18ab
	NK	153.06±14.77a	49.81±2.32b	454.23±42.78b	4.82±0.11ab
	NP	142.89±2.50ab	53.09±3.22b	364.05±54.66b	4.75±0.21ab
	CK	130.44±3.64b	48.54±2.63b	418.16±36.64b	5.10±0.37a
移栽后60d 60d after transplanting	NPK	157.82±1.22a	57.39±5.72b	789.20±38.61a	4.61±0.18abc
移栽后60d 60d after transplanting	PK	135.33±11.17b	58.40±7.15ab	766.01±54.66a	4.86±0.09ab
	NK	135.94±9.27b	49.30±2.68b	657.79±31.41a	4.53±0.19c
	NP	135.04±0.20b	69.02±7.87a	376.93±32.18b	4.57±0.11bc
	CK	158.71±9.04a	51.32±4.64b	402.70±30.92b	4.94±0.21a
移栽后90d 90d after transplanting	NPK	139.76±4.08a	49.80±2.86a	675.82±21.88a	4.88±0.07a
移栽后90d 90d after transplanting	PK	142.04±5.22a	55.37±7.15a	665.52±21.86a	4.93±0.19a
	NK	144.89±3.50a	48.09±6.88a	441.35±32.80b	4.90±0.20a
	NP	144.06±0.81a	55.87±5.77a	433.62±20.65b	4.93±0.02a
	CK	137.30±4.27a	50.06±3.93a	379.51±10.93b	5.09±0.20a

取样时间 Sampling time	处理 Treatment	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	覆盖率 Percentage of coverage	香农指数 Shannon index	观察到的物种数 Number of observed species	辛普森指数 Simpson index
移栽后30d 30d after transplanting	NPK	786.40±116.68a	0.9970a	4.32±0.20a	639.03±92.41a	0.88±0.04ab
移栽后30d 30d after transplanting	PK	914.06±38.12a	0.9970a	4.84±0.14a	777.23±71.76a	0.88±0.04ab
	NK	796.97±36.16a	0.9966a	3.95±0.27b	606.97±67.69a	0.82±0.07b
	NP	848.07±183.73a	0.9968a	4.73±0.71a	694.23±160.23a	0.90±0.04ab
	CK	826.68±51.42a	0.9972a	5.19±0.83a	694.07±87.61a	0.93±0.04a
移栽后60d 60d after transplanting	NPK	1014.44±188.14a	0.9958b	4.10±0.29a	790.67±160.36a	0.82±0.05a
移栽后60d 60d after transplanting	PK	777.62±62.94b	0.9970a	3.94±1.01a	635.00±120.79a	0.81±0.10a
	NK	889.93±94.58ab	0.9961ab	4.15±0.57a	683.00±43.65a	0.84±0.07a
	NP	875.76±148.95ab	0.9965ab	3.95±1.38a	662.70±212.53a	0.80±0.11a
	CK	1075.49±33.92a	0.9955b	4.32±0.38a	828.67±6.67a	0.82±0.04a
移栽后90d 90d after transplanting	NPK	1056.26±98.38a	0.9956b	4.25±0.52a	806.57±115.87a	0.83±0.05a
移栽后90d 90d after transplanting	PK	1130.52±232.34a	0.9965a	5.08±1.43a	953.40±285.68a	0.86±0.09a
	NK	999.44±95.38a	0.9961ab	4.00±0.31a	790.97±102.15a	0.79±0.02a
	NP	1040.94±143.50a	0.9957ab	4.19±1.32a	810.23±180.68a	0.76±0.19a
	CK	1104.55±84.91a	0.9961ab	4.97±0.61a	893.53±73.02a	0.86±0.04a