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作物杂志,2026, 第2期: 209–216 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.026

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

氧化石墨烯―烟嘧磺隆复合除草剂对甜玉米幼苗糖―淀粉代谢的影响

甄志华1(), 冯茜2, 郭凯丰1, 董泽辰1, 王健2, 梁利娜1()   

  1. 1唐山市农作物种子站， 063000， 河北唐山
    2河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院/河北省作物逆境生物学重点实验室， 066004， 河北秦皇岛
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-17 修回日期:2025-09-06 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 梁利娜，研究方向为农作物品种选育及推广，E-mail：lln890509@163.com
  • 作者简介:甄志华，研究方向为农作物品种选育及推广，E-mail：zhongjianzhan2009@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省自然科学基金项目(C2022407026);河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(HBCT2024020411)

Effects of Graphene Oxide on Sugar-Starch Metabolism in Sweet Corn Seedlings under Nicosulfuron Stress

Zhen Zhihua1(), Feng Xi2, Guo Kaifeng1, Dong Zechen1, Wang Jian2, Liang Lina1()   

  1. 1Crop Seeds Station of Tangshan, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
    2College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology / Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
  • Received:2025-07-17 Revised:2025-09-06 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-16

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摘要：

为明确氧化石墨烯（GO）作为除草剂安全剂减轻烟嘧磺隆（NIF）对甜玉米药害作用的生理机制，以1对甜玉米姊妹系HK301（对NIF表现耐药）和HK320（对NIF表现敏感）为材料，清水处理为对照，研究GO-NIF纳米复合材料对甜玉米幼苗叶片糖―淀粉代谢关键酶和非酶类物质的影响。结果表明，与单独GO和NIF处理相比，GO-NIF处理显著促进了甜玉米幼苗蔗糖和淀粉的转化。HK320在GO-NIF处理7 d时，根冠比、蔗糖、可溶性糖和淀粉的含量均显著高于NIF处理，分别提高了30.19%、71.80%、79.29%和67.87%。此外，与NIF处理相比，GO-NIF处理显著提高了HK320的蔗糖磷酸合酶、蔗糖合成酶、α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性。综合评估不同药剂处理对甜玉米生理指标的影响发现，HK301的各项生理指标对NIF及GO-NIF处理的响应较为缓和且波动较小；而HK320在GO-NIF处理下表现出显著的生理调控优势，尤其在糖代谢关键酶活性与糖类物质积累方面呈现出协同增效作用。综上，GO作为NIF的安全剂，可有效促进敏感型甜玉米的糖代谢过程及糖类物质的分配与转运。

关键词: 氧化石墨烯, 烟嘧磺隆, 甜玉米, 蔗糖代谢, 淀粉酶

Abstract:

To clarify the physiological mechanism of graphene oxide (GO) acting as a herbicide safener to alleviate the phytotoxicity of nicosulfuron (NIF) on sweet corn, a pair of sweet corn sister lines, HK301 (NIF-tolerant) and HK320 (NIF-sensitive), were used as experimental materials. Using water treatment as a control, the effects of GO-NIF nanocomposite on key enzymes and non-enzymatic substances involved in sugar-starch metabolism in the leaves of sweet corn seedlings were investigated. The results showed that GO-NIF treatment significantly promoted the conversion of sucrose and starch in sweet corn seedlings compared with GO and NIF treatments alone. In HK320, the root to shoot ratio and the contents of sucrose, soluble sugar, and starch under GO-NIF treatment were significantly higher than those under NIF treatment at seven days after treatment, increasing by 30.19%, 71.80%, 79.29%, and 67.87%, respectively. Furthermore, compared with NIF treatment, GO-NIF treatment significantly increased the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, α-amylase, and β-amylase in HK320. A comprehensive evaluation of the effects of different treatments on physiological indicators revealed that HK301 exhibited moderate responses and minimal fluctuations under both NIF and GO-NIF treatments. In contrast, HK320 showed significant physiological regulatory advantages under GO-NIF treatment, particularly manifesting a synergistic enhancement in key enzyme activities of sugar metabolism and the accumulation of saccharides. In conclusion, GO as a safener for NIF can effectively promote the sugar metabolism process as well as the distribution and transport of saccharides in sensitive sweet corn.

Key words: Graphene oxide, Nicosulfuron, Sweet corn, Sucrose metabolism, Amylase

图1

不同药剂处理对甜玉米幼苗根冠比和生物量累积比的影响 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。

图2

不同药剂处理对甜玉米叶片SPS活性的影响

图3

不同药剂处理对甜玉米叶片SuSy活性的影响

图4

不同药剂处理对甜玉米叶片α-淀粉酶活性的影响

图5

不同药剂处理对甜玉米叶片β-淀粉酶活性的影响

图6

不同药剂处理对甜玉米幼苗叶片可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量的影响

图7

不同药剂处理对HK301(a)和HK320(b)生理指标的综合评估

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