设施条件接种丛枝菌根真菌对紫色土上玉米/大豆生长及氮素利用的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.05.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了阐明紫色土上接种丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus,AMF）和不同间作方式对提高间作玉米（Zea mays L.）、大豆（Glycine max L.）的氮素利用和减少土壤氮残留的贡献。本试验在设施盆栽条件下,采用根系分隔模拟装置研究玉米/大豆间作体系中根系不分隔、尼龙网分隔、塑料膜分隔3种方式和不同AMF处理[不接种AMF（NM）、接种Glomus mosseae（GM）]对玉米、大豆植株生长、氮素累积与利用的影响。研究结果表明：接种GM不同程度提高了间作玉米和大豆根系菌根侵染率、株高、植株生物量及氮含量,而显著降低了玉米和大豆种植土壤的碱解氮含量。其中,GM-根系不分隔处理玉米、大豆的菌根侵染率最高。无论是否接种AMF,大豆生物量和植株氮含量均以根系分隔处理显著高于不分隔处理,而玉米生物量和植株氮含量却刚好相反。此外,GM处理条件下,玉米、大豆根际土壤碱解氮含量均以尼龙网分隔和不分隔处理显著低于塑料膜分隔处理。在所有复合处理中,以GM-根系不分隔处理对玉米生长及氮素累积的促进作用最好;GM-尼龙网分隔处理对大豆生长及氮素累积的促进效果最佳,并更能显著降低玉米、大豆根际土壤的碱解氮残留,可望减轻土壤氮流失而降低氮素流失对地表水体的污染风险。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 紫色土, 玉米/大豆间作, 根系分隔, 氮利用

Abstract:

In order to clarify the contribution of improving nitrogen (N) utilization by maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) and reducing N residue in the purple soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculation for different maize/soybean intercropping systems, the facility pot experiment was conducted under three kinds of roots separation ways of maize/soybean intercropping system with no separation, nylon net separation, plastic-film separation and different AMF treatments [no AMF (NM), Glomus mosseae (GM) inoculation]. The results showed that GM inoculation promoted AMF infection rate, plant height, shoot and root biomass, N concentration in shoot and root for maize and soybean to a different degree. While GM inoculation significantly decreased available N content in the soil growing with of maizes and soybeans. AMF infection rate with GM-no root separation treatment of maize and soybean were all significantly highest increased. Whether inoculating AMF or not, the plant biomass of and N concentration in soybean under roots separation were significantly higher than no root separation, while plant biomass of and N concentration in maize showed an opposite trend. In addition, under GM treatment, available N content in the soil planting with maize and soybean was significantly lower respectively for nylon net separation and no root separation treatments than plastic-film separation treatment. In conclusion, GM-no root separation treatment was the best one for maize growth and N utilization; and GM-nylon net separation treatment performed best in terms of soybean growth and N utilization and that also significantly reduced the available N residue in the soil growing with maize and soybean, which was expected to reduce the loss of N in the soil and the pollution risk of N loss to surface water.

Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Purple soil, Maize/soybean intercropping, Roots separation, Nitrogen utilization

赵乾旭,岳献荣,夏运生,张乃明,年夫照,杨云强,马玉林. 设施条件接种丛枝菌根真菌对紫色土上玉米/大豆生长及氮素利用的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2016 (5): 94–100

Qianxu Zhao,Xianrong Yue,Yunsheng Xia,Naiming Zhang,Fuzhao Nian,Yunqiang Yang,Yulin Ma. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Inoculation on Growth and Nitrogen Utilization of Intercropped Maize and Soybean in Purple Soil under Facilitated Condition[J]. Crops, 2016(5): 94–100

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因素Factor	菌根侵染率 Colonization rate		根长 Root length		地上部干重 Shoot dry weight		根系干重 Root dry weight		株高 Plant height		根冠比 Root/shoot ratio
因素Factor	玉米Maize	大豆 Soybean	玉米Maize	大豆 Soybean	玉米Maize	大豆 Soybean	玉米Maize	大豆 Soybean	玉米Maize	大豆 Soybean	玉米Maize	大豆 Soybean
菌根处理AMF treatment	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	NS	***	**
根系分隔方式Root separation way	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	NS	***	***	***
菌根处理×根系分隔方式 AMF treatment×Root separation way	***	***	***	***	**	***	*	***	NS	***	*	***

作物 Crop	根系分隔方式 Root separation way	菌根处理 AMF treatment	菌根侵染率 (%)Colonization rate	根长(cm/pot) Root length	干重Dry biomass（g/pot）		株高(cm) Plant height	根冠比 Root/shoot rate
作物 Crop	根系分隔方式 Root separation way	菌根处理 AMF treatment	菌根侵染率 (%)Colonization rate	根长(cm/pot) Root length	地上部分Shoot	根系Root	株高(cm) Plant height	根冠比 Root/shoot rate
玉米 Maize	不分隔 No separation	NM	0	439.18±3.21b	15.59±0.74ab	2.08±0.03e	71.67±1.01αβ	0.27±0.01c
玉米 Maize	不分隔 No separation	GM	61.35±0.88a	304.15±14.91c	16.82±0.16a	3.23±0.02b	73.67±0.73α	0.15±0.01e
	塑料膜分隔 Plastic film separation	NM	0	309.30±6.80c	10.06±0.33d	2.59±0.06d	69.58±0.88β	0.31±0.01b
	塑料膜分隔 Plastic film separation	GM	53.71±0.59c	511.01±1.12a	15.43±0.30ab	3.22±0.04b	73.83±0.88α	0.18±0.01d
	尼龙网分隔 Nylon net separation	NM	0	417.80±3.61b	12.34±0.47c	2.88±0.04c	68.48±0.84γ	0.34±0.01a
	尼龙网分隔 Nylon net separation	GM	50.05±1.57b	505.48±7.44a	14.90±0.85b	3.73±0.18a	73.67±1.09α	0.26±0.01c
大豆 Soybean	不分隔 No separation	NM	0	216.00±2.39a	3.49±0.09f	0.54±0.01d	42.33±0.44c	0.12±0.01c
大豆 Soybean	不分隔 No separation	GM	60.04±1.42a	123.08±3.93c	4.96±0.06c	0.84±0.01c	46.97±0.29b	0.14±0.02c
	塑料膜分隔 Plastic film separation	NM	0	165.11±7.46b	4.32±0.02e	0.90±0.09c	45.88±0.75b	0.22±0.01ab
	塑料膜分隔 Plastic film separation	GM	52.08±1.04b	127.25±3.60c	5.92±0.04a	1.20±0.04b	49.33±0.73a	0.21±0.00b
	尼龙网分隔 Nylon net separation	NM	0	218.04±7.25a	4.63±0.02d	0.92±0.02c	45.25±0.97b	0.25±0.02a
	尼龙网分隔 Nylon net separation	GM	50.82±1.22b	123.55±1.83c	5.54±0.05b	1.93±0.02a	37.67±0.73d	0.15±0.01c

因素Factor	地上部氮含量 Shoot N content		根系氮含量 Root N content		土壤pH值 Soil pH value		土壤碱解氮含量 Soil available N content
因素Factor	玉米Maize	大豆Soybean	玉米Maize	大豆Soybean	玉米Maize	大豆Soybean	玉米Maize	大豆Soybean
菌根处理AMF treatment	**	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
根系分隔方式Root separation way	***	***	***	***	**	NS	***	***
菌根处理×根系分隔方式 AMF treatment×Root separation way	**	***	***	***	***	NS	***	*

作物 Crop	根系分隔方式 Root separation way	菌根处理 AMF treatment	地上部氮含量(g/kg) Shoot N content	根系氮含量(g/kg) Root N content	土壤pH值 Soil pH value	土壤碱解氮含量(mg/kg) Soil available N content
玉米 Maize	不分隔No separation	NM	9.85±0.11b	6.45±0.16b	7.43±0.02c	91.58±0.57c
玉米 Maize		GM	12.47±0.58a	7.23±0.04a	7.19±0.05d	86.60±0.72d
	塑料膜分隔Plastic film separation	NM	7.51±0.04d	5.11±0.03c	7.58±0.03b	122.42±1.43a
		GM	8.93±0.45bc	6.55±0.18b	7.25±0.03d	92.40±0.71c
	尼龙网分隔Nylon net separation	NM	8.54±.021cd	5.20±0.03c	7.75±0.05a	100.60±2.11b
		GM	7.84±0.63cd	7.48±0.21a	6.74±0.04e	83.88±1.85d
大豆 Soybean	不分隔No separation	NM	3.20±0.10f	12.63±0.27d	7.43±0.02x	91.83±0.61c
大豆 Soybean		GM	5.91±0.04d	10.27±0.11e	7.17±0.06z	88.25±0.83d
	塑料膜分隔Plastic film separation	NM	5.61±0.05e	13.95±0.31bc	7.38±0.10xy	100.23±1.14b
		GM	6.94±0.04b	14.79±0.29b	7.22±0.02yz	91.87±0.98c
	尼龙网分隔Nylon net separation	NM	6.29±0.11c	13.06±0.27cd	7.45±0.00x	105.42±0.97a
		GM	7.20±0.05a	18.83±0.44a	7.18±0.04z	85.61±0.46d