北方染败类型杂交粳稻高产制种机制研究

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过应用3个染败类型粳稻不育系与3个分子辅助选择的恢复系制种机制比较,研究北方杂交梗稻高产制种关键因素之间的关系,包括不育系与恢复系花时动态和不育系柱头亲和力、柱头外露率、张颖面积等特性及其差异。结果表明:不育系与恢复系花时高峰重叠时间对不育系结实率起决定性作用;不育系柱头亲和力、柱头外露率、张颖面积对不育系结实率起关键性作用。大田制种比较9个组合相同行、不同行结实率与制种产量的差异,得出高产制种机制在于制种父母本各因素之间相互协调。综合各研究结果,认为制种关键因素对结实率所起的作用为不育系与恢复系花时高峰重叠时间>不育系柱头亲和力>柱头外露率>不育系张颖面积。本研究为杂交粳稻高产制种在不育系、恢复系的高异交结实特征特性的选育上提供理论基础,为从根本上解决北方杂交梗稻制种产量偏低的问题和北方杂交粳稻稳步发展提供理论依据。

关键词: 粳稻, 制种机制, 花时动态, 柱头亲和力, 柱头外露率, 张颖面积, 分子辅助选择

Abstract:

This paper studied the relationship among the key factors of seed production in northern japonica hybrid rice, including characteristics and differences by using 3 stain abortion japonica rice male sterile lines and 3 restorer lines through molecular assisted selection for mechanism comparison. Focuses were on the flowering time dynamics of sterile lines and restorer lines and stigma affinity, stigma exsertion rate, and glume open area of sterile lines and their differences. The results showed that the flower peak overlap time of sterile lines and restorer lines was decisive of the seed setting rate of sterile lines, sterile stigma affinity, stigma exsertion rate and the glume open area. Comparative studies were carried out on same row, different row seed setting rate and seed production yield of nine different combinations in the field. Results showed that the seed production mechanism was to coordinate the various factors in the parents. Therefore, we consider that the effect of the key factors on seed setting rate were as followings: flower peak overlap time of sterile lines and restorer lines>sterile stigma affinity>stigma exsertion rate>sterile glume open area. This research provides theoretical basis of sterile lines and restorer lines on high seed setting characteristics breeding for high yield seed production, for fundamentally solving the problem of lower seed production and for a steady development of japonica hybrid rice in north of China.

Key words: Japonica, Seed production mechanism, Flower time dynamics, Stigma affinity, Stigma exposure rate, Glume open area, Molecular assisted selection

王先俱,张城,庞秀,陈亚君,丁芬,邵国军,徐正进. 北方染败类型杂交粳稻高产制种机制研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2017 (3): 19–24

Xianju Wang,Cheng Zhang,Xiu Pang,Yajun Chen,Fen Ding,Guojun Shao,Zhengjin Xu. Study of High Yield on Seed Production Mechanism in Northern Japonica Hybrid Rice of Stain Abortion Type[J]. Crops, 2017(3): 19–24

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亲本Parents	C315	C586	C382
粳65A Jing 65A	粳65A/C315	粳65A/C586	粳65A/C382
粳14A Jing 14A	粳14A/C315	粳14A/C586	粳14A/C382
粳139A Jing 139A	粳139A/C315	粳139A/C586	粳139A/C382

不育系/恢复系 Sterile line/ Restorer line	不育系与恢复系间隔1m Sterile line and restorer line interval 1m		不育系与恢复系间隔2m Sterile line and restorer line interval 2m		不育系与恢复系间隔3m Sterile line and restorer line interval 3m		不育系与恢复系间隔4m Sterile line and restorer line interval 4m		不育系与恢复系间隔5m Sterile line and restorer line interval 5m
不育系/恢复系 Sterile line/ Restorer line	花粉粒(个) Pollen grains	结实率(%) Seed setting rate	花粉粒(个) Pollen grains	结实率(%) Seed setting rate	花粉粒(个) Pollen grains	结实率(%) Seed setting rate	花粉粒(个) Pollen grains	结实率(%) Seed setting rate	花粉粒(个) Pollen grains	结实率(%) Seed setting rate
粳65A/C315 Jing 65A/C315	183.4C	63.8A	125.6C	52.1A	52.8C	36.2A	14.7C	11.8A	5.6C	2.4A
粳14A/C315 Jing 14A/C315		50.3B		37.6B		27.6B		6.0B		1.3B
粳139A/C315 Jing 139A/C315		39.4C		28.5C		15.3C		3.2C		0C
粳65A/C586 Jing 65A/C586	192.5B	72.4A	134.8B	61.5A	87.5B	48.4A	42.1B	34.2A	16.2B	10.5A
粳14A/C586 Jing 14A/C586		63.1B		55.1B		39.6B		28.9B		5.3B
粳139A/C586 Jing 139A/C586		48.2C		36.4C		30.7C		17.2C		1.1C
粳65A/C382 Jing 65A/C382	249.1A	82.6A	183.4A	76.3A	126.6A	59.2A	93.7A	50.3A	38.5A	25.3A
粳14A/C382 Jing 14A/C382		61.3B		59.4B		47.1B		34.1B		18.6B
粳139A/C382 Jing 139A/C382		52.4C		45.8C		38.7C		29.4C		8.1C

不育系 Sterile lines	单边柱头外露率(%) Unilateral stigma exposure rate	双边柱头外露率(%) Bilateral stigma exposure rate	结实率(%) Seed setting rate
粳65A Jing 65A	54.2A	12.6A	26.1A
粳14A Jing 14A	32.4B	5.9B	13.6B
粳139A Jing 139A	15.3C	0.8C	6.8C

不育系Sterile lines	粒型Grain type	张颖角度Glume open degree(°)	颖壳长Glume length (cm)	张颖面积Glume open area (cm²)
粳139A Jing 139A	圆粒Round shape	27.8c	0.668C	0.104C
粳14A Jing 14A	椭圆粒Oval shape	28.5b	0.752B	0.135B
粳65A Jing 65A	长粒Long shape	29.1a	0.814A	0.161A

不育系/恢复系 Sterile line/Restorer line	第一行结实率(%) Rate of seed setting on the first line	第二行结实率(%) Rate of seed setting on the second line	第三行结实率(%) Rate of seed setting on the third line	小区产量(kg) Yield
粳65A/C315 Jing 65A/C315	75.3B	58.3B	38.5B	9.1ABCDabcde
粳14A/C315 Jing 14A/C315	68.1D	41.8EFG	26.4EF	7.9CDEdef
粳139A/C315 Jing 139A/C315	54.6H	34.0H	19.2H	5.2FGgh
粳65A/C586 Jing 65A/C586	69.4CD	49.1C	32.9C	8.8ABCDEbcdef
粳14A/C586 Jing 14A/C586	64.2F	43.5DEF	28.7D	8.0BCDEcdef
粳139A/C586 Jing 139A/C586	57.3G	41.6FG	24.8F	7.1EFGf
粳65A/C382 Jing 65A/C382	82.4A	61.5A	43.7A	10.7Aa
粳14A/C382 Jing 14A/C382	64.3EF	40.2G	21.6G	7.8DEef
粳139A/C382 Jing 139A/C382	41.6I	30.4I	15.2I	4.9Gh